BS EN 13603-2013 Copper and copper alloys Test methods for assessing protective tin coatings on drawn round copper wire for electrical purposes《铜和铜合金 评估电气用途拉制圆铜线上的保护锡镀层的试验方法》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 13603:2013Copper and copper alloys Test methods for assessingprotective tin coatings ondrawn round copper wire forelectrical purposesBS EN 13603:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNation

2、al forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 13603:2013. Itsupersedes BS EN 13603:2002 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee NFE/34/1, Wrought and unwrought copper and copperalloys.A list of organizations represented on this

3、 committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 74205 7ICS 25.2

4、20.40; 77.150.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 13603:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD

5、 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 13603 June 2013 ICS 25.220.40; 77.150.30 Supersedes EN 13603:2002English Version Copper and copper alloys - Test methods for assessing protective tin coatings on drawn round copper wire for electrical purposes Cuivre et alliages de cuivre - Mthodes dvaluation des

6、revtements en tain sur les fils ronds tirs en cuivre pour usages lectriques Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen - Prfverfahren zur Beurteilung von Schutzberzgen aus Zinn auf gezogenen Runddrhten aus Kupfer fr die Anwendung in der Elektrotechnik This European Standard was approved by CEN on 25 April 2013. C

7、EN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on ap

8、plication to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

9、Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, L

10、atvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-

11、1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13603:2013: EBS EN 13603:2013EN 13603:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Thickness of the unalloyed

12、 tin coating .4 5 Continuity of the tin coating 10 6 Adherence of the tin coating . 12 7 Test report . 14 Bibliography . 15 Figures Figure 1 Alternative method for supporting fine wire or wire which cannot be straightened 6 Figure 2 Preparation of the test piece . 13 Tables Table 1 Test parameters .

13、 11 BS EN 13603:2013EN 13603:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 13603:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 133 “Copper and copper”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identi

14、cal text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held

15、 responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 13603:2002. In comparison with EN 13603:2002, the following changes have been made: Editorial modifications. Within its programme of work, Technical Committee CEN/TC 133 requested CEN/TC 133/WG 4 “Extruded and dr

16、awn products, forgings and scrap“ to prepare the revision of the following standard: EN 13603:2002, Copper and copper alloys Test methods for assessing protective tin coatings on drawn round copper wire for electrical purposes According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards

17、 organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemb

18、ourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 13603:2013EN 13603:2013 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies methods for assessing the tin coating on drawn round copper wire for the manufactur

19、e of electrical conductors, e.g. according to EN 13602. This European Standard includes test methods for the determination of the following characteristics: a) thickness of the unalloyed tin coating; b) continuity of the tin coating; c) adherence of the tin coating. WARNING This European Standard ca

20、n involve the use of hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with their use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicabil

21、ity of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of

22、the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 610, Tin and tin alloys Ingot tin 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 unalloyed tin coating layer of pure tin on the surface of tinned wire 3.2 alloyed tin coating dif

23、fusion layer of copper and tin formed at the copper wire and tin coating interface during tinning and subsequent drawing and annealing processes 3.3 total tin coating sum of the thicknesses of the unalloyed tin coating and the alloyed tin coating 3.4 measuring area area of the surface over which a s

24、ingle measurement is made 4 Thickness of the unalloyed tin coating 4.1 Principle Anodic dissolution of a well-defined area of the unalloyed coating using a suitable electrolyte, followed by detection of the virtually complete dissolution of the unalloyed coating by a rapid change in cell voltage. BS

25、 EN 13603:2013EN 13603:2013 (E) 5 Calculation of the unalloyed coating thickness from the quantity of electricity (in coulombs) used, which can in turn be calculated from: a) the time interval between the start of the test and the first rapid change of cell voltage, if it is conducted at constant cu

26、rrent density; or b) the integrated quantity of electricity used in dissolving the unalloyed coating. 4.2 Reagents and materials 4.2.1 Electrolyte, either a hydrochloric acid electrolyte or an electrolyte recommended by the instrument manufacturer. For the hydrochloric acid electrolyte, dilute 170 m

27、l of hydrochloric acid (HCl), = 1,18 g/ml, to 1 000 ml with deionised water. NOTE The unalloyed tin coating dissolves anodically at an efficiency of nearly 100 %; for determination of the electrolyte efficiency, see 4.5.6. WARNING Hydrochloric acid causes burns and is irritating to the respiratory s

28、ystem. Avoid breathing the vapour and prevent contact with eyes and skin. This electrolyte dissolves tin coatings at very low cell voltages at which there is no anodic attack on the substrates when they are exposed at the end of the test. 4.2.2 Tin, tin grade in accordance with EN 610. 4.3 Apparatus

29、 Suitable instruments may be constructed from readily available components. Alternatively, a proprietary instrument may be used. 4.3.1 Direct reading instruments Proprietary direct reading instruments are available for use with electrolytes recommended by the manufacturer. The calculation of thickne

30、ss of tin coating from current density is made electronically. The instrument shall have some means of indicating when the unalloyed tin coating has been fully removed. 4.3.2 Other instruments Instruments other than proprietary direct reading instruments record the quantity of electricity, in coulom

31、bs, used in dissolving the unalloyed coating from the measuring area, usually in arbitrary units, from which the thickness can be calculated using factors or tables. 4.3.3 Electrolytic cell The electrolytic cell consists of a container for the electrolyte, a cathode and an anode, which is the test s

32、ample. If the container is made of metal, such as stainless steel, the container can serve as the cathode. If the container is made of insulating material, a separate cathode is required. Also required are a device for supporting the appropriate length of the test sample and an agitation mechanism.

33、Depending on the wire diameter, the test sample may be a straight length of wire or, if necessary to obtain sufficient surface area for smaller diameter wires, a holding device such as that shown schematically in Figure 1 is required. A magnetic stirrer or similar system shall be used to provide agi

34、tation. BS EN 13603:2013EN 13603:2013 (E) 6 Key 1 tee-frame to support test piece of non-conducting material, manufactured from nylon or other plastics 2 test piece 3 test piece connection (anode) 4 cathode connection 5 electrolyte level 6 test piece length L 7 electrolyte 8 non-metallic pin 9 catho

35、de (stainless steel or lead), container (beaker) Figure 1 Alternative method for supporting fine wire or wire which cannot be straightened 4.4 Preparation of the test piece Select a suitable length of test sample in order to provide the appropriate test piece area for exposure to the electrolyte. If

36、 necessary, clean the test surface with a suitable organic solvent (see 4.5.4.5). Care should be taken to avoid removal of metal during the cleaning operation. 4.5 Procedure for determining the thickness of unalloyed tin coatings 4.5.1 General If commercial equipment is used, follow the manufacturer

37、s instructions with respect to the operating procedure for measurement, the electrolyte and, if necessary, calibration. Appropriate attention shall be given to the factors listed in 4.5.4. The performance of the instrument shall be checked using a reference specimen of pure tin wire. A tin grade in

38、accordance with EN 610 shall be used. The test shall be carried out in accordance with 4.5.6. If the instrument readings or the calculation of K give an electrolytic efficiency of equal to or greater than 98 %, the instrument may be used without further adjustment. Otherwise, the cause of discrepanc

39、y shall be remedied. Proprietary instruments shall be calibrated in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. BS EN 13603:2013EN 13603:2013 (E) 7 4.5.2 Determination of measuring area For the determination of the measuring area, the length L of the test piece in millimetres shall be determined

40、 with an accuracy of 1 % and the diameter d of the test piece for wires with a nominal diameter of 0,6 mm shall be determined with an accuracy of 1 % and for wires with a nominal diameter of 0,6 mm with an accuracy of 0,5 %. The measuring area A in square centimetres is given by the Formula (1): 100

41、 L d= A(1) NOTE An exact area of stripping is necessary for accuracy and the main source of error is due to the meniscus and current field at the electrolyte surface. 4.5.3 Electrolysis (Dissolution of the unalloyed tin coating) The electrolyte (4.2.1) and test piece shall be introduced into the cel

42、l so that a known area is exposed to the electrolyte. Efforts shall be made to ensure that no gas bubbles occur on the measuring area by use of the agitation mechanism. The electrical connections shall be made and the agitator operated. Electrolysis shall be continued until dissolution of the unallo

43、yed tin coating is complete, as indicated by a sharp change in the anode potential or cell voltage, or by the operation of the automatic cut-out. After completion of the test, the test piece shall be removed from the cell, rinsed with water and examined to ensure that complete removal of the unalloy

44、ed tin coating has occurred over the measuring area (see 4.5.4.9). 4.5.4 Factors affecting the measuring accuracy 4.5.4.1 Coating thickness The optimum accuracy is achieved with coating thicknesses in the range 0,2 m up to 50 m. 4.5.4.2 Current variation For instruments using the constant current an

45、d time measuring technique, current variation will cause errors. For instruments using a current-time integrator, too large a change in current can change the anode current efficiency or interfere with the end-point, causing an error. 4.5.4.3 Area variation The accuracy of the thickness measurement

46、will be no better than the accuracy to which the measuring area is known. Area variations due to electrolyte level (excessive agitation), can lead to measurement errors. In some cases it can be advantageous to measure the length after electrolysis is complete and re-calculate the area. 4.5.4.4 Agita

47、tion Agitation (i.e. the rate of stirring) shall be sufficient to remove any gas bubbles formed during the test, which can adhere to the test piece or cathode. Excessive agitation shall be avoided to prevent interference with the length of test piece submerged. 4.5.4.5 Condition of the test piece su

48、rface Oil, grease, paint, corrosion products, staining or other surface chemical treatments can interfere with the test. 4.5.4.6 Cleanliness of the cell Deposition of tin can take place on the cathode in some electrolytes. This deposit can alter the cell voltages. It is, therefore, essential to keep

49、 the cathode clean. BS EN 13603:2013EN 13603:2013 (E) 8 4.5.4.7 Cleanliness of the electrical connections In the case of instruments other than the constant current type, if the electrical connections are not clean, the current/potential relationship will be disturbed and false end-points obtained. 4.5.4.8 Calibration standards Measurements made using calibration standards are subject to the additional error of the calibration standards. 4.5.4.9 Non-uniform dissolution If the rate of dissolution is not uniform over the measuring area, a pr