BS EN 14049-2003 Water application intensity - Calculation principles and measurement methods《灌溉强度 计算原理和测量方法》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14049:2003Incorporating Amendment No. 1Water application intensity Calculation principles and measurement methodsThe European Standard EN 14049:2003, with the incorporation of amendment A1:2005, has the status of a British StandardICS 65.060.35g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58

2、g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 14049:2003This British Standard, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 26 November

3、 2003 BSI 12 January 2006ISBN 0 580 42958 XNational forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14049:2003, including amendment A1:2005.The start and finish of text introduced or altered by CEN amendment is indicated in the text by tags !“. Tags indicating changes to

4、 CEN text carry the number of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is indicated by !“. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee AGE/30, Irrigation and drainage equipment, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represen

5、ted on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or

6、by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immuni

7、ty from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in th

8、e UK.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, a blank page, pages 1 to 17 and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Comments

9、15892 22 December 2005 See national forewordEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14049November 2003ICS 65.060.35+ A1English versionWater application intensity - Calculation principles andmeasurement methodsTechniques dirrigation - Intensit dapport deau - Principesde calcul et mthodes de

10、 mesureBewsserungsverfahren - Bewsserungsintensitt -Berechnungsgrundlagen und MessverfahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 18 September 2003; amendment A1:2005 was approved by CEN on 8 August 2005CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate

11、the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in th

12、ree official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austri

13、a, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT E

14、UROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14049:2003 + A1:2005 EOctober 2005(includes amendment A1:2005)(inclut la

15、mendement A1:2005)(enthlt nderung A1:2005)blankEN 14049:2003 (E) 1 Contents page 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references3 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Calculation methods related to water application intensity5 4.1 Depth of water application5 4.2 Water application intensity (WAI) 5 4.2.1 General5 4.2.2 Ins

16、tantaneous water application intensity5 4.2.3 Average water application intensity 6 4.2.4 Average WAI for a solid set of stationary sprinklers .6 4.2.5 Average WAI for full circle sprinklers on moving systems.7 4.2.6 Average WAI for part circle sprinkler on moving systems .11 5 Measurement methods f

17、or water application intensity .12 5.1 General12 5.2 Average water application intensity 12 5.2.1 General12 5.2.2 Case of fixed sprinklers 13 5.2.3 Case of moving machines 14 5.2.4 Case of sprinklers attached to a stationary machine 16 5.3 Local “instantaneous” water application intensity17 5.3.1 Ge

18、neral17 5.3.2 Measurement method17 5.3.3 Interpretation17 EN 14049:2003 (E) 2 Foreword This document (EN 14049:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 334 “Irrigation techniques”, the secretariat of which is held by AENOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national

19、standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2004. According to its working program, Sub Committee CEN/TC 334 charged working group CEN/TC 334/WG 8 with drafting this stan

20、dard. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Ne

21、therlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Foreword to amendment A1 This European Standard (EN 14049:2003/A1:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 334 “Irrigation techniques”, the secretariat of which is held by AENOR. This Amendment to

22、the European Standard EN 14049:2003 shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2006. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Re

23、gulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,

24、 Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14049:2003 (E) 3 1 Scope This standard provides: principles and formulas for calculating water application intensity under sprinkler irrigation systems (fixed and moving); test methods and guidelines for

25、 measuring water application intensity under the different systems in laboratory and in field conditions. It applies to stationary sprinkling systems: solid set sprinkler systems, automatic turf irrigation systems, sprinklers and sprayer for microirrigation systems, and to moving sprinkling systems:

26、 reel machine systems, centre pivot and moving laterals systems. 2 Normative references This European standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed h

27、ereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments). EN 12324-

28、1:1998, Irrigation techniques Reel machine systems Part 1: Size series EN 12324-2:1999, Irrigation techniques Reel machine systems Part 2: Specifications of polyethylene tubes for reel machines EN 12324-3:1999, Irrigation techniques Reel machine systems Part 3: Presentation of technical characterist

29、ics EN 12324-4:1999, Irrigation techniques Reel machine systems Part 4: Check list of users requirements EN 12325-3:1999, Irrigation techniques Centre pivots and moving lateral systems Part 3: Terminology and classification EN ISO 11545, Agricultural irrigation equipment Centre-pivot and moving late

30、ral irrigation machines with sprayer or sprinkler nozzles Determination of uniformity of water distribution (ISO 11545:2001) ISO 7749-1, Agricultural irrigation equipment Rotating sprinklers Part 1: Design and operational requirements ISO 7749-2, Irrigation equipment Rotating sprinklers Part 2: Unif

31、ormity of distribution and test methods ISO 8026, Agricultural irrigation equipment Sprayers General requirements and test methods EN 14049:2003 (E) 4 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this European Standard the terms and definitions given in EN 12324-1:1998, EN 12324-2:1999, EN 12324-3:19

32、99, EN 12324-4:1999, EN 12325-3:1999, and the following apply. 3.1 sprinkler irrigation system set of irrigation equipment (such as an isolated sprinkler, a set of stationary sprinklers in a solid set system, the set of sprinklers or nozzles attached to a reel machine boom, to a centre pivot system

33、or to a moving lateral, the travelling gun attached to a reel-machine, an end-gun in centre pivot systems and moving laterals) delivering water to a surface area (i.e. to the instantaneous wetted surface) 3.2 moving Irrigation system any kind of irrigation system moving during sprinkling. The moveme

34、nt can be translatory or circular, and/or continuous or intermittent 3.3 depth of water application (D) average depth (mm) of water distributed on a surface area during a single irrigation event 3.4 instantaneous water application intensity (I) depth of water applied per unit time during a given per

35、iod of time (usually a small period of time), at a given point (usually over a small given surface area). The most common water application intensity measurement unit is (mm h-1) 3.5 average water application intensity (Ia) average depth of water applied per unit time (mm h-1) measured as or calcula

36、ted as the average of water irrigation intensities collected : (i) over time during a time period (for example during an irrigation period), and/or (ii) over space (for example on an irrigation plot or on a part of it) 3.6 wetted surface area surface area (S) in a plot receiving or having received w

37、ater 3.7 irrigation period irrigation period to which the water application intensity refers to can be both a unit time when the WAI (Water application intensity) is derived from hydraulic parameters or the time of watering for a local evaluation under a moving or stationary system EN 14049:2003 (E)

38、 5 4 Calculation methods related to water application intensity 4.1 Depth of water application The depth of water (D) applied is the total (the final) volume of water (v) delivered on a surface element (S) from the beginning to the end of the irrigation period: SvD1000= (1) where D depth of water ap

39、plication (mm); v volume of water delivered to the surface area S during the irrigation period (m3); S surface area receiving water from the irrigation system (m). At the system level, considering that the volume of water distributed (v) is tQv = , the average depth of water application (D) can be e

40、xpressed as: StQD= 1000(2) where D average depth of water application (mm); Q flow rate passing through the irrigation system (m3/h); t irrigation duration of the surface area (h); S surface area irrigated by the irrigation system (m). 4.2 Water application intensity (WAI) 4.2.1 General The WAI calc

41、ulation prevailing on a surface area S depends on the irrigation period t of the application. S and t shall be reported in results presentations. 4.2.2 Instantaneous water application intensity The instantaneous water application intensity is evaluated using the general equation: tSvI=1000 (3) where

42、 I instantaneous water application intensity (mm/h); v volume of water delivered to the surface area S during the irrigation period (m3); S surface area receiving water (m); t duration time for which the instantaneous intensity is to be evaluated (h). EN 14049:2003 (E) 6 4.2.3 Average water applicat

43、ion intensity As sprinkler irrigation is often achieved through rotating jet(s) and/or travelling/rotating machines, the concept of “average water application intensity” is derived from equation (3) by selecting a time duration large enough to make sense with: (i) the duration of the rotation of the

44、 jet(s) of the sprinkler(s), for which the order of magnitude is typically one or a few minutes, or (ii) the duration of the travel of the irrigation machine across the plot or of the irrigation inside the plot, for which the order of magnitude is typically one or several hours. tDIa = (4) or SQIa 1

45、000=(5) where Ia average water application intensity (mm/h); Q flow rate of the irrigation system (m3/h); S surface area irrigated by the irrigation system (m); D depth of water application applied (mm) during the irrigation period; t time duration of the irrigation period (h). 4.2.4 Average WAI for

46、 a solid set of stationary sprinklers Equation (6) applies to all types of fixed irrigation systems with full circle sprinkler patterns. Using the flow rate delivered by a single sprinkler, the expression (5) of (Ia) becomes: lsLLqIa=1000 (6) where Ia average water application intensity (mm/h); q fl

47、ow rate of a single sprinkler (m3/h); Lsspacing between sprinklers (m); Ll spacing between laterals (m). EN 14049:2003 (E) 7 4.2.5 Average WAI for full circle sprinklers on moving systems 4.2.5.1 General A given point (where a collector may be placed), remains in the range of the moving sprinkler du

48、ring a time duration t depending on the wetted radius Wr (i.e. radius of throw) of the sprinkler. Key 1 Movement 2 Collector Figure 1 Width wetted (2xWr) by a moving full circle sprinkler (i.e. wetted diameter) Equation (4) for calculating average water application intensity remains relevant. The ti

49、me duration t will depend on the actual value of machines speed. It can be very different from its theoretical value. Consequently it has to be verified when measurement or calculation are performed. This verification can be either direct (see clause 5) or indirect by calculation of the average speed from a complete plot coverage by the machine. Then the calculation of irrigation duration can be performed following equation 7. VWrt2= (7) where t time duration of the irrigation at a collector un