1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 14067-4:2013Railway applications AerodynamicsPart 4: Requirements and test proceduresfor aerodynamics on open trackBS EN 14067-4:2013National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 14067-4:2013. It supersedes BS EN 14067-4:2005+A1:2009 and BS EN 1
2、4067-2:2002,which are withdrawn.The UK committee draws users attention to the distinction between normative and informative elements, as defined in Clause 3 of the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, Part 3.Normative: Requirements conveying criteria to be fulfilled if compliance with the document is t
3、o be claimed and from which no deviation is permitted.Informative: Information intended to assist the understanding or use of the document. Informative annexes do not contain requirements, except as optional requirements, and are not mandatory. For example, a test method may contain requirements, bu
4、t there is no need to comply with these requirements to claim compliance with the standard.When rounded values require unit conversion for use in the UK, users are advised to use equivalent values rounded to the nearest whole number. The use of absolute values for converted units should be avoided i
5、n these cases. For the values used in this standard:1 km/h has an equivalent value of 0.5 mile/h20 km/h has an equivalent value of 10 mile/h160 km/h has an equivalent value of 100 mile/h200 km/h has an equivalent value of 125 mile/h250 km/h has an equivalent value of 155 mile/h300 km/h has an equiva
6、lent value of 190 mile/hThe UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee RAE/1, Railway Applications, to Subcommittee RAE/1/-/4, Railway Applications - Aerodynamics.A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This p
7、ublication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 75641 2ICS 45.060.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer imm
8、unity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2013.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14067-4 October
9、2013 ICS 45.060.01 English Version Railway applications - Aerodynamics - Part 4: Requirements and test procedures for aerodynamics on open track Applications ferroviaires - Arodynamique - Partie 4: Exigences et procdures dessai pour larodynamique lair libre Bahnanwendungen - Aerodynamik - Teil 4: An
10、forderungen und Prfverfahren fr Aerodynamik auf offener Strecke This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 September 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standar
11、d without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any
12、other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republ
13、ic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN C
14、OMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14067-4:2013: EBS EN 1
15、4067-4:2013EN 14067-4:2013 (E) 2 Foreword This document (EN 14067-4:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway Applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identica
16、l text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held respons
17、ible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14067-4:2005+A1:2009 and EN 14067-2:2003. The results of the EU-funded research project “AeroTRAIN“ (Grant Agreement No. 233985) have been used. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the Europea
18、n Commission and the European Free Trade Association. EN 14067-2 has been integrated in this document, and EN 14067-4 has been re-structured and extended to support the Technical Specifications for the Interoperability of the Trans-European rail system and requirements on conformity assessment for r
19、olling stock were added. EN 14067, Railway applications Aerodynamics consists of the following parts: Part 1: Symbols and units Part 2: Aerodynamics on open track (to be withdrawn) Part 3: Aerodynamics in tunnels Part 4: Requirements and test procedures for aerodynamics on open track Part 5: Require
20、ments and test procedures for aerodynamics in tunnels Part 6: Requirements and test procedures for cross wind assessment According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
21、 Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerlan
22、d, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 14067-4:2013EN 14067-4:2013 (E) 3 Contents Page Introduction .5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms, definitions and symbols .6 3.1 Terms and definitions .6 3.2 Symbols 7 4 Requirements on locomotives and passenger rolling stock . 10 4.1 Limitation of p
23、ressure variations beside the track . 10 4.1.1 General . 10 4.1.2 Requirements 10 4.1.3 Full conformity assessment 11 4.1.4 Simplified conformity assessment . 11 4.2 Limitation of slipstream effects beside the track 13 4.2.1 General . 13 4.2.2 Requirements 13 4.2.3 Full conformity assessment 14 4.2.
24、4 Simplified conformity assessment . 14 4.3 Aerodynamic loads in the track bed . 16 5 Requirements on infrastructure 16 5.1 Train-induced pressure loads acting on flat structures parallel to the track . 16 5.1.1 General . 16 5.1.2 Requirements 16 5.1.3 Conformity assessment . 16 5.2 Train-induced ai
25、r speeds acting on infrastructure components beside the track 16 5.3 Train-induced aerodynamic loads in the track bed . 16 5.4 Train-induced air speed acting on people beside the track . 16 6 Methods and test procedures 17 6.1 Assessment of train-induced pressure variations beside the track . 17 6.1
26、.1 General . 17 6.1.2 Pressure variations in the undisturbed pressure field (reference case) 20 6.1.3 Pressure variations on surfaces parallel to the track . 29 6.1.4 Effect of wind on loads caused by the train 35 6.2 Assessment of train-induced air flow beside the track 36 6.2.1 General . 36 6.2.2
27、Slipstream effects on persons beside the track (reference case) . 36 6.2.3 Slipstream effects on objects beside the track . 39 6.3 Assessment of train-induced aerodynamic loads in the track bed . 39 6.4 Assessment of resistance to motion 40 6.4.1 General . 40 BS EN 14067-4:2013EN 14067-4:2013 (E) 4
28、6.4.2 Full-scale tests . 40 Annex A (informative) Procedure for full-scale tests regarding train-induced air flow in the track bed 43 A.1 General . 43 A.2 Track configuration . 43 A.3 Vehicle configuration and test conditions 43 A.4 Instrumentation and data acquisition . 44 A.5 Data processing . 44
29、Bibliography 45 BS EN 14067-4:2013EN 14067-4:2013 (E) 5 Introduction Trains running on open track generate aerodynamic loads on objects and persons they pass. If trains are being passed by other trains, trains are also subject to aerodynamic loading themselves. The aerodynamic loading caused by a tr
30、ain passing an object or a person near the track, or when two trains pass each other, is an important interface parameter between the subsystems of rolling stock, infrastructure and operation and, thus, is subject to regulation when specifying the trans-European railway system. Trains running on ope
31、n track have to overcome a resistance to motion which has a strong effect on the required engine power, achievable speed, travel time and energy consumption. Thus, resistance to motion is often subject to contractual agreements and requires standardized test and assessment methods. BS EN 14067-4:201
32、3EN 14067-4:2013 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard deals with requirements, test procedures and conformity assessment for aerodynamics on open track. Addressed within this standard are the topics of aerodynamic loadings and resistance to motion, while the topic of cross wind assessment is address
33、ed by EN 14067-6. This European Standard refers to rolling stock and infrastructure issues. This standard does not apply to freight wagons. It applies to railway operation on gauges GA, GB and GC according to EN 15273. The methodological approach of the presented test procedures may be adapted to di
34、fferent gauges. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (inc
35、luding any amendments) applies. EN 1991-2, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures Part 2: Traffic loads on bridges EN 15273 (all parts), Railway applications Gauges EN 15663, Railway applications Definition of vehicle reference masses ISO 8756, Air quality Handling of temperature, pressure and humidity d
36、ata 3 Terms, definitions and symbols 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1.1 peak-to-peak pressure change modulus of the difference between the maximum pressure and the minimum pressure for the relevant load case 3.1.2 passage of
37、train head passage of the front end of the leading vehicle which is responsible for the generation of the characteristic pressure rise and drop, over and beside, the train and on the track bed 3.1.3 Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD numerical methods of approximating and solving the equations of flui
38、d dynamics 3.1.4 streamline shaped vehicle vehicle with a closed and smooth front which does not cause flow separations in the mean flow field greater than 5 cm from the side of the vehicle 3.1.5 bluff shaped vehicle vehicle that is not streamlined BS EN 14067-4:2013EN 14067-4:2013 (E) 7 3.2 Symbols
39、 For the purposes of this document, the following symbols apply. Table 1 Symbols Symbol Unit Significance Explanation or remark b m reference length train width c m/s speed of sound CF coefficient of aerodynamic force Cp1 aerodynamic coefficient depending on the distance from track centre Y Cp2 aero
40、dynamic coefficient depending on the height above top of rail h Cp3 aerodynamic coefficient depending on the distance from track centre Y C1N rolling mechanical resistance C2vtrN momentum drag due to air flow for traction and auxiliary equipment and the air conditioning systems C3vtr2N aerodynamic d
41、rag in the resistance to motion formula d t s temporal variation d vtrm/s train speed variation d x m spatial variation F N load on an object, maximum value of the force during the passage g m/s2acceleration due to gravity h m height above top of rail i gradient of the track k factor accounting for
42、the energy stored in rotating masses 1,0 k1 shape coefficient of the train k2 shape coefficient of the train k3 shape coefficient of the train Lnm length of the train nose distance from front end to where the full cross section of the leading vehicle is achieved m kg train mass normal operational pa
43、yload according to EN 15663 BS EN 14067-4:2013EN 14067-4:2013 (E) 8 Table 1 (2 of 4) Symbol Unit Significance Explanation or remark p Pa pressure pmaxPa maximum pressure pminPa minimum pressure p1kPa characteristic value of distributed load p2kPa characteristic value of distributed load p3kPa charac
44、teristic value of distributed load r m curve radius Re Reynolds number based on reference length of 3,00 m at full scale Remax maximum Reynolds number R1N resistance to motion train contribution R2N resistance to motion infrastructure contribution S m2characteristic area t s time uim/s resultant hor
45、izontal air speed of the i-th passage after transformation of the time base um,im/s measured resultant horizontal air speed of the i-th passage U m/s induced flow speed U m/s mean value over all measured maxima UiUim/s maximum resultant horizontal air speed of the i-th passage after averaging and co
46、rrection to the characteristic train speed Umaxm/s maximum value of U U2m/s upper bound of a 2 interval of maximum air speed U95%m/s maximum resultant horizontal air speed characteristic air speed U95%,maxm/s permissible maximum resultant horizontal air speed permissible characteristic air speed vtr
47、m/s train speed vtr,cm/s full scale train speed vtr,im/s train speed during the i-th passage vtr,maxm/s maximum train speed vtr,refm/s reference speed vtr,testm/s nominal test speed BS EN 14067-4:2013EN 14067-4:2013 (E) 9 Table 1 (3 of 4) Symbol Unit Significance Explanation or remark vw,x,im/s wind
48、 speed component in x-direction during the i-th passage y+ dimensionless wall distance Y m lateral distance from track centre Yminm minimum lateral distance from track centre Ymaxm maximum lateral distance from track centre m/s2train acceleration measured during the coasting test Cp,2 pressure chang
49、e coefficient Upper bound of a 2 interval of the peak-to-peak pressure change coefficient. The peak-to-peak pressure change coefficient is defined in Formula 2. Cp pressure change coefficient p Pa peak-to-peak pressure change p Pa mean value for peak-to-peak pressure change determined over all measurements pior by CFD p2Pa upper bound of a 2 interval of the peak-to-peak pressure change p95%Pa maximum peak-to-peak pressure change characteristic pressure change p95%,maxPa permissible maximum peak-to-peak pressur
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