BS EN 14146-2004 Natural stone test methods - Determination of the dynamic elastic modulus of elasticity (by measuring the fundamental resonance frequency)《天然石材试验方法 弹性的动态弹性模量测定(通过测.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 14146:2004 Natural stone test methods Determination of the dynamic modulus of elasticity (by measuring the fundamental resonance frequency) The European Standard EN 14146:2004 has the status of a British Standard ICS 73.020; 91.100.15 BS EN 14146:2004 This British Standard was

2、 published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 27 April 2004 BSI 27 April 2004 ISBN 0 580 43704 3 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14146:2004. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Co

3、mmittee B/545, Natural stone, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in

4、 the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsib

5、le for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the U

6、K interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 15 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates

7、 when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN14146 April2004 ICS73.020;91.100.15 Englishversion NaturalstonetestmethodsDeterminationofthedynamic modulusofelasticity(bymeasuringthefundamentalresonance fr

8、equency) MthodesdessaipourpierresnaturellesDtermination dumoduledlasticitdynamique(parlamesuredela frquencedersonancefondamentale) PrfverfahrenfrNatursteinBestimmungdes dynamischenElastizittsmoduls(durchMessungder ResonanzfrequenzderGrundschwingung) ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon16January200

9、4. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatorto

10、anyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesof

11、Austria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMA

12、LISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2004CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN14146:2004:EEN14146:2004(E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 1 Scope 5 2 Normativereferences 5 3 Principle5 4 Symbols 5

13、5 Apparatus .6 6 Preparationofthespecimens .9 7 Procedure .9 8 Calculationofthedynamicmodulusofelasticity 10 9 Testreport . .15EN14146:2004(E) 3 Foreword Thisdocument(EN14146:2004)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC246,“Naturalstones“,the secretariatofwhichisheldbyUNI. ThisEuropeanStandardshal

14、lbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatestbyOctober2004,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatest byOctober2004. Thisdraftstandardisoneoftheseriesofdraftstandardsfortestsonnaturalstone. Testmethodsfornaturalstoneconsistofthe

15、following: EN1925, NaturalstonetestmethodsDeterminationofwaterabsorptioncoefficientbycapillarity EN1926, NaturalstonetestmethodsDeterminationofcompressivestrength EN1936, NaturalstonetestmethodsDeterminationofrealdensityandapparentdensityandoftotalandopen porosity EN12370, NaturalstonetestmethodsDet

16、erminationofresistancetosaltcrystallisation EN12371, NaturalstonetestmethodsDeterminationoffrostresistance EN12372, NaturalstonetestmethodsDeterminationofflexuralstrength underconcentratedload EN12407, NaturalstonetestmethodsPetrographicexamination EN13161, NaturalstonetestmethodsDeterminationofflex

17、uralstrengthunderconstantmoment EN13373, NaturalstonetestmethodsDeterminationofgeometriccharacteristicsonunits EN13755, NaturalstonetestmethodsDeterminationofwaterabsorptionatatmosphericpressure EN13919, NaturalstonetestmethodsDeterminationofresistancetoageingbySO 2 actioninthepresenceof humidity EN

18、14066, NaturalstonetestmethodsDeterminationofresistancetoageingbythermalshock EN14147, NaturalstonetestmethodsDeterminationofresistancetoageingbysaltmist prEN14157, NaturalstonetestmethodsDeterminationoftheabrasionresistance EN14158, NaturalstonetestmethodsDeterminationofruptureenergy EN14231, Natur

19、alstonetestmethodsDeterminationoftheslipresistancebymeansofthependulumtester prEN14579, NaturalstonetestmethodsDeterminationofsoundspeedpropagation prEN14580, NaturalstonetestmethodsDeterminationofthestaticelasticmodulus prEN14581, NaturalstonetestmethodsDeterminationofthermalexpansioncoefficient No

20、existingEuropeanStandardissuperseded.EN14146:2004(E) 4 AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowing countriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark, Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ire

21、land,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta, Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdomEN14146:2004(E) 5 1Scope ThisEuropeanStandarddefinesmethodstodeterminethefundamentalresonancefrequencyofnaturalstoneand thecalculationofthedynamicmodulusofelasti

22、city. 2 Normativereferences ThisEuropeanStandardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference,provisionsfromotherpublications.These normativereferencearecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetext,andthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.For datedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsappl

23、ytothisEuropean Standardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedreferencesthelatesteditionofthe publicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments). EN13373, NaturalstonetestmethodsDeterminationofgeometriccharacteristicsonunits 3Principle Thepresentstandarddefinesmethodstodeterminethef

24、undamentalresonancefrequencyandtocalculatethe dynamicmodulusofelasticity. Therearetwomethodsformeasuringfundamentalresonance,dependingonwhichmethodisusedtovibratethe specimenunderanalysis.Onemethodisbasedoncontinuousexcitation,theotherisbasedoninstantaneous excitation.Bothmethodsconsistofmakingaspec

25、imenofstonevibrateusingeitherlongitudinal,flexuralor torsionalvibrations,andthendeterminingthecorrespondingfundamentalresonancefrequency. 4Symbols b widthofaprismaticspecimeninmillimetres d diameterofacylindricalspecimeninmillimetres h heightofprismaticspecimeninmillimetres lengthofspecimeninmillime

26、tres F L longitudinalfundamentalresonancefrequencyinHertz F F flexuralfundamentalresonancefrequencyinHertz F T torsionalfundamentalresonancefrequencyinHertz F 1 and F 2 frequencyforamplitudesequalto 2/2ofthemaximumamplitude r apparentdensityofthespecimeninkgm 3 i radiusofgirationofthesectionofthespe

27、cimen A l i = inmm A surfaceareaofthecrosssectionofthespecimen I momentofinertiaofthespecimenEN14146:2004(E) 6 12 3 bh l = forprismaticspecimenswitharectangularbase 12 4 b l = forprismaticspecimenswithasquarebase 64 4 d l P = forcylindricalspecimens n Poissoncoefficient T correctioncoefficientforcal

28、culating Ed L C correctioncoefficientforcalculating Ed F R correctioncoefficientforcalculating Ed T Ed L longitudinaldynamicmodulusofelasticityinMPa,determinedfromthelongitudinalfundamental resonancefrequency Ed F flexuraldynamicmodulusofelasticityinMPa,determinedfromtheflexuralfundamental resonance

29、frequency Ed T torsionaldynamicmodulusofelasticityinMPa,determinedfromthetorsionalfundamental resonancefrequency sstandard deviation 5Apparatus 5.1 Continuousexcitationmode Theapparatuscomprises: 5.1.1 avariablefrequencygenerator,withafrequencyrangeofmin.20kHz, 5.1.2 anemittingtransducerandareceivin

30、gtransducerthatmustbebroughtintocontactwiththespecimen.It isrecommendedtogenerateslightadhesiontothetest specimenusingabondingproduct(rubber,putty,etc.). Thenaturalresonancefrequencyofthetransducermustbeatleasttwicethepresumedfundamentalresonance frequencyofthespecimen. 5.1.3 adevicethatisusedtoreco

31、rdorindicatethebeginningofspecimenresonance, 5.1.4 asystemthatmeasuresorcalculatesthespecimensfundamentalresonancefrequencywithanaccuracy betterthanorequalto0,5%, 5.1.5 aworksurfaceisolatedfromexternalvibrations,withthepossibilitytomakemeasurements 5.1.6 specimenstandsmadeofrigidmetalwhoselengthisat

32、leastequaltothewidth b NOTE Thesesupportsareeitherrectangularorsquaresectionprismswhosewidthislessthan5%ofthelength ofthe specimensforlongitudinalandtorsionalvibration(seeFigures1aand2a)orsmalltriangularsectionprismsforflexuralvibr ation (seeFigure3a).Inthecaseofcylindricalspecimens,thesupportsshoul

33、dbenotched.Thepositionsofthesupportsare indicatedinFigures1,2and3.EN14146:2004(E) 7 Key 1Emitter 2Specimen 3Receiver Figure1aPositionofthetransducersforlongitudinalvibration Figure1bFundamentalmodeforlongitudinalvibration Figure2aPositionofthetransducersfortorsionalvibration Figure2bFundamentalmodef

34、ortorsionalvibrationEN14146:2004(E) 8 Figure3aPositionofthetransducersforflexuralvibration Figure3bFundamentalmodeforflexuralvibrationwiththenodesat0,224 lfromtheends 5.2 Instantaneousexcitationmode Theapparatuscomprises: a) amechanicalpulsegenerator,whichcanbeahammeroranelectricpulsegenerator; b) a

35、receivingtransducerintheformofavibrationsensorpin.Theresonancefrequencyofthetransducer mustbeatleasttwicethepresumedfundamentalresonancefrequencyofthespecimen; c) adevicethatisusedtorecordorindicatethebeginningofthespecimenresonance; d) asystemthatmeasuresorcalculatesthespecimensfundamentalresonance

36、frequencywithanaccuracy betterthan 0,5%; e) aworksurfaceisolatedfromexternalvibrations,withthepossibilitytomakemeasurements; f) specimenstandsmadeofrigidmetalwhoselengthisatleastequaltothewidth b; Thepositionandshapeofthetestspecimensupportsareasdescribedin5.1. 5.3 Testingtherepeatabilityoftheappara

37、tus Thisverificationmustbecarriedoutbeforeandaftereachseriesoftests.Themeasurementofrepeatabilityis testedat(20 3)Cwithasquarebasedcalibrationprismmadeofduraluminium.Ifthedifferencebetweenthe certifiedandtheactuallongitudinalfundamentalresonancefrequencyoftheprismisgreaterthan0,5%orthe differencebet

38、weenthemeasurementbeforeandafteratestisgreaterthan0,1%thenthetestshallbedeclared invalid.EN14146:2004(E) 9 5.4 Additionalapparatusforthetwoexcitationmodes 5.4.1 Abalancewithanaccuracyof0,01%ofthemasstobedetermined. 5.4.2 Alinearmeasuringdevicewithanaccuracyof0,1mm. 5.4.3 Arectangularparallelepipedwi

39、thasquarebase,dimensions(40 1)mmx(160 1)mm,madeof duraluminium. NOTE Duraluminiumisanalloymadeofaluminiumandcopper. 6 Preparationofthespecimens 6.1Sampling Thesamplingisnottheresponsibilityofthetestinglaboratoryexceptwhenitisespeciallyrequested. Atleastsixspecimensfromanhomogeneousbatchshallbetested

40、. 6.2Specimens Thetestspecimensshallbeprismaticorcylindricalinshape.Thelengthofcylindrical,squareorrectangularbased prismsshallbeatleasttwicethelargestdimensionofthebase. 6.3Tolerances Thetolerancesofthedimensions , b, d, hshallbe 1mm. 6.4 Planesofanisotropy Ifthestoneshowsplanesofanisotropy(e.g.bed

41、ding,foliation),thespecimensaretobepreparedwiththelong axiseitherparallelorperpendiculartotheseplanes 6.5Conditioning the specimens Themeasurementscanbecarriedoutwithanywatercontentandsothespecimensrequirenoconditioningbefore testing.However,thecondition(thatiswetordry)andthetemperatureshallbereport

42、edexactly. 7Procedure 7.1 Preliminaryoperations Ifthespecimensarewettheyshallbewipedwithadampclothbeforetesting. Measurethegeometricdimensions, , b, hor dofeachspecimentothenearest0,1mminaccordancewith EN 13373. PlacethetransducersasshowninFigures1,2and3. Evaluatethecorrespondingfundamentalresonance

43、frequencyusingthechosenvibrationmode F L , F T or F F .EN14146:2004(E) 10 7.2Excitation mode 7.2.1 Continuousexcitationmode Measuretheexcitationfrequencyusingafrequencymeteruntilthetestspecimenbeginstoresonate. Recordthebeginningofthespecimenresonance,whichisobtainedwhenthereceiverrecordsmaximumenergy. Onthefrequencymeterreadthefundamentalresonancefrequency F L ,F T orF F .correspondingtothechosen vibrationmode. NOTE Isnotalwayseasytoaccuratelydeterminethemomentatwhichresonancestartswhentestingaspecimenwitha relativ