1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58thermoplastics (GMT) Determination of flowability and solidificationThe European Standard EN 14447:
2、2005 has the status of a British StandardICS 83.120Fibre reinforced plastics Glass mat reinforced BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14447:2005BS EN 14447:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 25 November 2005 BSI 25 November 2005ISBN 0 580
3、46893 3request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of
4、the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.Summary
5、of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 16, an inside back cover and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Comments pres
6、ent to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obt
7、ained on National forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14447:2005. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/42, Fibre reinforced thermosetting plastics and prepegs, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to under
8、stand the text;EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14447April 2005ICS 83.120English versionFibre reinforced plastics - Glass mat reinforced thermoplastics(GMT) - Determination of flowability and solidificationPlastiques renforcs de fibres - Thermoplastiquesrenforcs de mats de verre (GM
9、T) - Dtermination de lafluidit et de la solidificationFaserverstrkte Kunststoffe - GlasmattenverstrkteThermoplaste (GMT) - Bestimmung der Fliefhigkeit unddes ErstarrensThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 March 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulation
10、s which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European S
11、tandard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national stan
12、dards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMIT
13、TEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14447:2005: EEN 14447:2005 (E) 2 Contents
14、Page Foreword 3 1 Scope .5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms and definitions.5 4 Principle of the test method.6 5 Sampling8 6 Conditioning8 7 Apparatus 8 7.1 Hydraulic moulding press 8 7.2 Temperature controlled plate mould .8 7.3 Heating oven .10 7.4 Sensor reading equipment.10 8 Preparation of tes
15、t specimen.10 9 Procedure 10 10 Expression of the results .11 10.1 General 11 10.2 Start of flow to.11 10.3 End of filling tE11 10.4 Filling-time tF.11 10.5 Starting Height H0.11 10.6 Thickness D.11 10.7 Material Pressure PM12 10.8 Pressure Gradient PG.12 10.9 Pressure Drop PD .12 10.10 Pressure Int
16、egral PI 12 10.11 Work during pressing PL12 10.12 Partial work during pressing PPL12 10.13 Thickness Shrinkage Sz.12 10.14 Cooling Time tc.12 11 Test report .13 Annex A (informative) Other type of mould use.14 Annex B (informative) Preparation of test specimens for mechanical testing 15 Bibliography
17、.16 EN 14447:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14447:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics”, the secretariat of which is held by IBN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsemen
18、t, at the latest by October 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2005. The description of flowability and solidification of glass fibre mat reinforced thermoplastic moulding compounds (GMT) is complex. The test methods described in this document are fo
19、r the determination of flowability and solidification. The flowability is the basic property of a moulding material which defines the ability to fill a given cavity. The flowability of GMT has to be expressed by at least two parameters because of its non-Newtonian behaviour. Parameters to express th
20、e behaviour of the compound as instantaneous values are: the pressure gradient a measure of the resistance to the initiation of flow ; the pressure loss a measure for the pressure change over the flow distance. As overall or integral values are: the filling time the duration of filling the cavity un
21、der given conditions ; the pressure integral a measure of the resistance to overall flow ; the work during pressing a measure of resistance to overall flow ; the partial work during pressing a measure of resistance during a specific part of the flow. These parameters are defined by this document plu
22、s other additional information. The process of solidification must be determined separately and must not influence the results of the flowability test. The complexity of the behaviour of GMT requires a large amount of testing for full understanding of the compound. This document specifies a method o
23、f test for an intensive analysis. Not all elements of the analysis may be required for every function for which this test method is applicable. The material (product) specification, or the person requesting the analysis should specify which elements of the analysis are required to be undertaken for
24、a particular purpose e.g. product development, product qualification or quality control. To reduce the specific effort for the method and to open the applicability of the test equipment, the apparatus is similar to the one described in EN ISO 12115, Fibre-reinforced plastics - Thermosetting moulding
25、 compounds and prepregs - Determination of flowability, maturation and shelf life (ISO 12115:1997). The geometry of the mould was chosen to enable the user to produce test plates for mechanical testing separate from the flowability test. The effect of glass fibre reinforcement properties on the flow
26、ability was also assessed using a stepped plate mould which was supposed to produce more clearly distinguishing test results compared to a flat plate. This assumption was not verified in tests run up to now. A second mould geometry therefore may be described later if necessary. EN 14447:2005 (E) 4 O
27、rientation of the reinforcement fibres should be observed and tested by taking the samples either in the direction of the production machine or transverse to it. Experience shows that the procedure for heating the material for moulding has a very strong influence on the results of the flowability an
28、d solidification test. To avoid unwanted effects an exact specification of heating is included. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
29、Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14447:2005 (E) 5 1 Scope This document defines a method for the det
30、ermination of data suited to the assessment of the flowability and solidification of polypropylene based glass fibre mat reinforced thermoplastic moulding compounds (GMT) carried out with commonly applied moulding parameters. The influence on moulding behaviour of both the individual components of t
31、he material and the moulding parameters may be determined by this method. It is suitable for quality control purposes as well as for the development of material formulations. Depending on the objectives of the analysis, different elements of the procedure described in this document may be chosen. Th
32、is test method may be used for the production of a test plate suitable for the preparation of test specimens for the determination of materials properties. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the
33、 edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 291, Plastics Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing (ISO 291:1997) EN ISO 472:2001, Plastics Vocabulary (ISO 472:1999). EN ISO 12115:1997, Fibre-reinfo
34、rced plastics Thermosetting moulding compounds and prepregs Determination of flowability, maturation and shelf life (ISO 12115:1997) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 472:2001 and the following apply. 3.1 definition of GMT glass mat
35、reinforced thermoplastics 3.2 flowability ability of a moulding material to flow and fill the cavity of a given mould under defined conditions 3.3 solidification process of transition of the moulding material from a mouldable stage to a stage of sufficient rigidity for demoulding 3.4 elementary unit
36、 smallest normally commercially available entity of a given product. The description (form, dimensions, mass, etc.) of the elementary unit will normally be defined in the product specification. This unit may be supplied in one of several forms : package ; pallet. EN 14447:2005 (E) 6 NOTE For a given
37、 product, the dimensions, mass or volume of the elementary unit may change, as fabrication techniques evolve, without necessarily causing any modification in the properties or the way in which these properties vary throughout the elementary unit. 4 Principle of the test method This method is based o
38、n a moulding procedure using a normal commercial press, a plate mould and the usual conditions for moulding polypropylene GMT. Usual moulding conditions for polypropylene GMT include: mould temperature c.a. 60 C ; material temperature c.a. 190 C 230 C ; closing speed of the press c.a. 15 mm/s ; thic
39、kness of the moulding c.a. 3 mm. The GMT, cut to the required size and heated to moulding temperature is inserted in the centre of the cavity. Then the material is allowed to flow and solidify under pressure. The moulding conditions are defined by a given press closing speed, force and mould tempera
40、ture. Complete filling of the cavity is a precondition. During the moulding process, the closing force and the material pressure in the centre and at the corners of the cavity are measured and recorded as a function of time (see Figure 1). From the measured sensor signals the results are evaluated a
41、nd the flowability and solidification is determined and judged in relation to the specific mould filling requirements. This document offers several elements for the analysis of this measured data. Depending on the purpose of the test some of the elements of the analysis may be omitted. The determina
42、tion of the flowability and solidification of different tests requires consistent moulding parameters. EN 14447:2005 (E) 7 Key 1 Pressure 6 Material pressure 2 Closing displacement 7 Pressure edges 3 Pressure centre 8 Left 4 Closing force 9 Right 5 Displacement 10 Time Figure 1 Pressure and Displace
43、ment response during the test EN 14447:2005 (E) 8 5 Sampling Three specimens shall be selected from the elementary unit or from the laboratory sample. NOTE 1 GMT is normally delivered in stacks of blanks, not in the full width of sheets as manufactured. Their size and shape may influence how the sam
44、ple is taken. If the blank is of sufficient size, take all three specimens from the one blank, one from the left, one from the middle and one from the right. If the blank is not large enough to take all three specimens from the one blank then take only one specimen per blank, selecting three blanks
45、successively from the stack. NOTE 2 If the blank is not large enough to take a single complete specimen, arrangements should be made with the manufacturer to supply sufficient number of larger blanks from the same production lots to enable this test to be undertaken. To define the influence of possi
46、ble orientation, documentation of the production direction relative to the sampling direction is required. The product specification or the person ordering the analysis may require that such determination is to be performed on more specimens or at specific places of the elementary unit or laboratory
47、 sample. 6 Conditioning Specific thermoplastic matrices may require conditioning. Details of the conditioning process shall be defined with the person ordering the test in accordance with EN ISO 291. 7 Apparatus 7.1 Hydraulic moulding press A hydraulic moulding press with a closing speed of 15 mm/s
48、and capable of a pressure of 14 MPa loaded onto the moulding material. For the purpose of this method the respective press shall be used purely as force controlled and must not be speed controlled. The closing force must be measured with a sensor and be adjustable to an accuracy within 3 % of the st
49、ationary value. The pressure build up time (tested by closing the press without material in the mould) to reach 80 % of the nominal closing force must be (0,60 0,05) s. A stationary force value of 100 % of the nominal closing force shall be reached after 1,0 s. 7.2 Temperature controlled plate mould A temperature controlled plate mould (see Figure 2) with a minimum width of 200 mm and a length of 590 mm, fixed onto the press described above. This shear edge mould contains three
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