1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58characteristics and classificationThe European Standard EN 14501:2005 has the status of a British S
2、tandardICS 91.060.50Blinds and shutters Thermal and visual comfort Performance BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14501:2005BS EN 14501:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 27 September 2005 BSI 27 September 2005ISBN 0 580 46392 3A list of
3、organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards C
4、orrespondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard does no
5、t of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 25 and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since p
6、ublicationAmd. No. Date Comments aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them
7、 in the UK.National forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14501:2005.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/538, Doors, windows, shutters, hardware and curtain walling, to Subcommittee B/538/3, Domestic shutters and blind
8、s, which has the responsibility to:EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14501August 2005ICS 91.060.50English versionBlinds and shutters - Thermal and visual comfort - Performancecharacteristics and classificationFermetures et stores - Confort thermique et lumineux -Caractrisation des pe
9、rformances et classificationAbschlsse - Thermischer und visueller Komfort -Leistungsanforderungen und KlassifizierungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 June 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this Eur
10、opeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English,
11、French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Repu
12、blic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIO
13、NEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14501:2005: EEN 14501:2005 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 4 2 Normative
14、 references 5 3 Terms, definitions and symbols.5 4 Notations used.7 4.1 General7 4.2 Visual or solar properties .7 4.3 Geometry of the radiation .7 4.4 Optical factors8 5 Thermal comfort.8 5.1 General8 5.2 Control of solar gains Total solar energy transmittance gtot.9 5.3 Secondary heat gains Second
15、ary heat transfer factor qi, tot.11 5.4 Protection from direct transmission Normal/normal solar transmittance e, n-n.11 6 Visual comfort12 6.1 General12 6.2 Opacity control.14 6.3 Glare control.14 6.4 Night privacy 16 6.5 Visual contact with the outside16 6.6 Daylight utilisation.17 6.7 Rendering of
16、 colours.18 Annex A (normative) Reference glazings19 A.1 General19 A.2 Glazing A 19 A.3 Glazing B 19 A.4 Glazing C 20 A.5 Glazing D 21 Annex B (informative) The meaning of the secondary internal heat transfer factor qi, tot22 Annex C (informative) Example of performance presentation .23 C.1 Thermal
17、comfort.23 C.2 Visual comfort24 Bibliography 25 EN 14501:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This European Standard (EN 14501:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 33 “Doors, windows, shutters, building hardware and curtain walling”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard
18、shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2006. No existing European Standard is superseded. According to the CEN/CENE
19、LEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malt
20、a, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14501:2005 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard is a part of a series of standards dealing with blinds and shutters for buildings as defined in EN 12216. The methods of characterisati
21、on are related to performance requirements required as a complement to intrinsic performances (specific requirements) that internal blinds, external blinds or shutters shall fulfil as specified in EN 13120, EN 13561 and EN 13659. The present European Standard is mainly based on the European work per
22、formed in TC 89 relating to solar and light transmittance of solar protection devices combined with glazing and the Technical Report CIE 130. 1 Scope This European Standard applies to the whole range of shutters, awnings and blinds defined in EN 12216, described as solar protection devices in this E
23、uropean Standard. It states the properties that shall be taken into account when comparing products. It also specifies the corresponding parameters and classifications to quantify the following properties: for the thermal comfort: the solar factor (total solar energy transmittance); the secondary he
24、at transfer factor; the direct solar transmittance; for the visual comfort: the opacity control; the night privacy; the visual contact with the outside; the glare control; the daylight utilisation; the rendering of colours. NOTE For other purposes, more detailed methods using different parameters ca
25、n be used. Some of the characteristics (e.g. gtot) are not applicable when products are not parallel to the glazing (e.g. folding-arm awnings). This European Standard is not applicable to the products using fluorescent materials. EN 14501:2005 (E) 5 2 Normative references The following referenced do
26、cuments are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 410, Glass in building Determination of luminous and solar chara
27、cteristics of glazing EN 12216:2002, Shutters, external blinds, internal blinds Terminology, glossary and definitions EN 13363-1, Solar protection devices combined with glazing Calculation of solar and light transmittance Part 1: Simplified method EN 13363-2:2005, Solar protection devices combined w
28、ith glazing Calculation of total solar energy transmittance and light transmittance Part 2: Detailed calculation method prEN 145001, Blinds and shutters Thermal and visual comfort Test methods 3 Terms, definitions and symbols For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions give
29、n in EN 12216:2002 and the following apply. 3.1 transmittance ratio of the transmitted flux to the incident flux (see Figure 1) NOTE A more detailed definition is given in prEN 14500. 3.2 reflectance ratio of the reflected flux to the incident flux (see Figure 1) NOTE A more detailed definition is g
30、iven in prEN 14500. 3.3 absorptance ratio of the absorbed flux to the incident flux (see Figure 1) 1To be published. EN 14501:2005 (E) 6 Key 1 Solar protection device 2 Incident radiation E 3 Transmitted radiation E 4 Absorbed radiation E 5 Reflected radiation E Figure 1 Representation of the optica
31、l factors 3.4 openness coefficient ratio between the area of the openings and the total area of the fabric NOTE 1 For identical fabrics that differ only by the colour, the openness coefficient is considered as independent of the colour. The value of the openness coefficient should be measured for th
32、e darkest colour. NOTE 2 The openness coefficient is determined according to prEN 14500. 3.5 solar factor g (total solar energy transmittance) ratio between the total solar energy transmitted into a room through a window and the incident solar energy on the window g is the solar factor of the glazin
33、g alone gtotis the solar factor of the combination of glazing and solar protection device 3.6 shading factor Fcratio of the solar factor of the combined glazing and solar protection device gtotto that of the glazing alone g gtotgcF =NOTE In some countries, Fcis known as z 3.7 secondary internal heat
34、 transfer factor qi, totthe part of the total absorbed radiation which is flowing inwards through the glazing and the shading device combined EN 14501:2005 (E) 7 3.8 colour rendering index Raindex designed to express synthetically a quantitative evaluation of the differences in colour between eight
35、test colours lit directly by the standard illuminant D65and by the same illuminant transmitted through the solar protection device 3.9 operative temperature opuniform temperature of a room in which an occupant would exchange the same amount of heat by radiation plus convection as in the actual non-u
36、niform environment NOTE For more information on the calculation of op, it is recommended torefer to EN ISO 13791 or EN ISO 13792. 4 Notations used 4.1 General For the purpose of this European Standard, the optical factors (transmittance), (reflectance) and (absorptance) are labelled with subscripts
37、which indicate: visual or solar properties; the geometry of the incident and the transmitted or reflected radiation. 4.2 Visual or solar properties According to the respective spectrum the following subscripts are used: e solar (energetic) characteristics, given for the total solar spectrum, (wavele
38、ngths from 300 nm to 2500 nm), according to EN 410; v visual characteristics, given for the standard illuminant D65weighted with the sensitivity of the human eye (wavelengths from 380 nm to 780 nm), according to EN 410. 4.3 Geometry of the radiation The following subscripts are used to indicate the
39、geometry of the incident radiation and the geometry of the transmitted or reflected radiation (see Figure 2). For a more detailed definition see prEN 14500. dir for directional (fixed, but arbitrary direction ); n for normal, or near normal in case of reflected radiation, the angle of incidence is =
40、 0, or 8 respectively; h for hemispherical (collected in the half space behind the sample plane); dif for diffuse. EN 14501:2005 (E) 8 Key 1 Solar protection device 2 Incident directional light or solar radiation 3 Transmitted direct component of light or solar radiation 4 Transmitted diffuse compon
41、ent of light or solar radiation Figure 2 Direct and diffuse components of transmitted radiation 4.4 Optical factors The optical factors are designated as follows: e, n-nnormal/normal solar transmittance; v, n-nnormal/normal light transmittance; v, n-difnormal/diffuse light transmittance; v, n-hnorma
42、l/hemispherical light transmittance; v, dif-h diffuse/hemispherical light transmittance. 5 Thermal comfort 5.1 General Thermal comfort is mainly governed by the operative temperature opwithin the room. opdepends on the air temperature, the air velocity and the temperature of the surrounding surfaces
43、 Solar gains shall be controlled in order to limit the operative temperature. The classification of the total solar energy transmittance gtotis given in 5.2.4. Solar protection devices influence the thermal comfort in three aspects: The mean operative temperature and/or the cooling loads are influe
44、nced by the solar gains which depend on the size of the windows and the total solar energy transmittance gtot. EN 14501:2005 (E) 9 The solar protection device may cause higher local values of opwhen irradiated by the sun due to higher temperatures on the inner surface of the glazing or solar protect
45、ion device. This effect is quantified by the secondary internal heat transfer factor qi, tot. The solar protection device may prevent persons and surroundings in the room from being irradiated directly. This effect is quantified by the direct-direct solar transmittance e, dir-dir. The performance cl
46、asses for the thermal comfort used in the following clauses are specified in Table 1. Table 1 Definition of classes Influence on thermal comfort 0 1 2 3 4 Class very little effect little effect moderate effect good effect very good effect 5.2 Control of solar gains Total solar energy transmittance g
47、tot 5.2.1 General The limitation of solar gains is one of the most important aspects of summer thermal comfort when there is no mechanical cooling system. The solar gains are directly proportional to the total solar energy transmittance gtot. gtotdepends on the glazing and the solar protection devic
48、e gtotmay be determined for the four different reference glazings given in Annex A using either the methodology given in 5.2.2 or in 5.2.3. For general product labelling (independent from the installation conditions), the calculation according to 5.2.2 and the reference glazing C, specified in Annex
49、 A, shall be used. The solar factor g of glazing alone, needed for the calculation of gtot,shall be calculated according to EN 410. NOTE 1 The influence of solar protection devices on the solar gains can also be represented by the shading factor FC. The shading factor depends not only on the solar protection device but also on the glazing. If FCis used for product characterisation, it
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