BS EN 14617-11-2005 Agglomerated stone - Test methods - Determination of linear thermal expansion coefficient《烧结石料 试验方法 线性热膨胀系数测定》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 14617-11:2005 Agglomerated stone Test methods Part 11: Determination of linear thermal expansion coefficient The European Standard EN 14617-11:2005 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.100.15 BS EN 14617-11:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of

2、 the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 18 April 2005 BSI 18 April 2005 ISBN 0 580 45841 5 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 14617-11:2005. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/545, Natural stone,

3、which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the s

4、ection entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application

5、. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor

6、related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when th

7、e document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN1461711 March2005 ICS91.100.15 Englishversion AgglomeratedstoneTestmethodsPart11:Determinationof linearthermalexpansioncoefficient PierreagglomreMthodesdessaiPartie1

8、1: Dterminationducoefficientlinairededilatationthermique KnstlichhergestellterSteinPrfverfahrenTeil11: Bestimmungdeslinearenthermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon3February2005. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatethecondit

9、ionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCentralSecretariatortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Av

10、ersioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCentralSecretariathasthesamestatusast heofficial versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Hunga

11、ry,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2005C

12、EN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN1461711:2005:EEN 14617-11:2005 (E) 2 Contents Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Principle4 4 Symbols and definitions .4 5 Apparatus .4 6 Dimensions of the specimens4 7 Test procedure.5 8 Ex

13、pression of the results6 9 Test report 6 Annex A (normative) Theoretical determination of .8 Bibliography 10 EN 14617-11:2005 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14617-11:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 246 “Natural stones”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European S

14、tandard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2005. Test methods for agglomerated stones consist of the followin

15、g: EN 14617-1, Agglomerated stone - Test methods Part 1: Determination of apparent density and water absorption EN 14617-2, Agglomerated stone Test methods Part 2: Determination of flexural strength (bending) prEN 14617-3, Agglomerated stone - Test methods Part 3: Determination of slipperiness EN 14

16、617-4, Agglomerated stone - Test methods Part 4: Determination of the abrasion resistance EN 14617-5, Agglomerated stone - Test methods Part 5: Determination of freeze and thaw resistance N 14617-6, Agglomerated stone - Test methods Part 6: Determination of thermal shock resistance prEN 14617-7, Agg

17、lomerated stone Test methods Part 7: Determination of ageing prEN 14617-8, Agglomerated stone Test methods Part 8: Determination of resistance to fixing (dowel hole) EN 14617-9, Agglomerated stone - Test methods Part 9: Determination of impact resistance EN 14617-10, Agglomerated stone Test methods

18、Part 10: Determination of chemical resistance EN 14617-11, Agglomerated stone Test methods Part 11: Determination of linear thermal expansion coefficient EN 14617-12, Agglomerated stone Test methods Part 12: Determination of dimensional stability EN 14617-13, Agglomerated stone Test methods Part 13:

19、 Determination of electrical resistivity prEN 14617-14, Agglomerated stone Test methods Part 14: Determination of surface hardness EN 14617-15, Agglomerated stone Test methods Part 15: Determination of compressive strength EN 14617-16, Agglomerated stone Test methods Part 16: Determination of dimens

20、ions, geometric characteristics and surface quality of modular tiles prEN 14617-17, Agglomerated stone Test methods Part 17: Determination of biological resistance According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implemen

21、t this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN

22、 14617-11:2005 (E) 4 1 Scope The present document specifies a test method to determine the linear thermal expansion coefficient of agglomerated stones used for internal/external flooring or walling in building. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the appli

23、cation of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Not applicable. 3 Principle The principle of the determination of the linear thermal expansion coefficient consists

24、 of measuring the variation in length of a sample of agglomerated stone during a temperature change. The temperature change is achieved by heating or cooling the sample through a programmed cycle. A suitable dilatometer measures the expansion or the shrinkage of the sample, relatively to the initial

25、 length. 4 Symbols and definitions = linear thermal expansion coefficient of the material (C -1 ) L o= length of the test sample at any initial temperature (mm) L = expansion or shrinkage of the sample during heating/cooling in a temperature range (mm) T = temperature range over which the change in

26、length of the sample is measured (C) 5 Apparatus 5.1 A dilatometer consisting of a frame holding the expansion sensor, the sample holder and the moving slide for the furnace shift. 5.2 A furnace, compatible with the moving slide of the dilatometer and governed by a personal computer, able to cover a

27、 temperature range between room temperature and at least +150 C. 5.3 A measuring system consisting of a sample holder and a push rod, used to transfer the length change of the material out of the heated zone to the connected measuring device. 5.4 A temperature sensor that measures the temperature di

28、rectly in contact with the sample. 5.5 A personal computer connected to the instrument for the data acquisition and elaboration. 5.6 A manual linear measuring device with an accuracy of 0,05 mm. 6 Dimensions of the specimens The shape and dimensions of the test specimen must be suitable for the dime

29、nsions of the dilatation sample holders. A length of the specimen not smaller than 10 mm is necessary to get sufficient representativeness for agglomerated stones with maximum grit size up to 6 mm. For samples of agglomerated stone materials with maximum grit size between 2 mm and 6 mm the measure h

30、as to be repeated on at least three different samples in EN 14617-11:2005 (E) 5 order to guarantee the reproducibility of the specimen for the full size mass. For samples of agglomerated stone materials with maximum grit size over 6 mm see Annex A (Theoretical determination). 7 Test procedure 7.1 De

31、finition of the temperature range The linear thermal expansion coefficient of a material is an average value and must be determined in a linear region. Agglomerated stones bound by resins and cement/resin mixture, due to the fact that most of the polymers used in the manufacture of agglomerated ston

32、es shows a glass transition temperature in the range of 55-75 C (information available from the suppliers), do not exhibit a linear thermal expansion behaviour in this glass transition range, the linear thermal expansion coefficient of such agglomerated stones shall be therefore evaluated in the tem

33、perature ranges respectively below and/or above this transition temperature. A practical linear thermal expansion coefficient of the material inside the whole tested temperature interval (20- 130) C can be considered as the average of the two values experimentally determined in the proper temperatur

34、e ranges. 7.2 Definition of the temperature change program The rate of the temperature increase or decrease does not affect the linear thermal expansion coefficient, within the limits usually supported by the manufacturer of the dilatometer. Normally the cooling rate can not be guaranteed by the ins

35、trument due to the different testing conditions. 7.3 Determination of the value The value of shall be determined during both the heating and cooling phases. If also after several cycles these values do not coincide (due to resin cross-linking after-effects), the two different values must be specifie

36、d in the test report with the information concerning the phase where they have been determined. 7.4 Preparation of the specimens Cut the specimen in the suitable length and assure that the bearing surfaces be perfectly planar, in case treating them with an abrasive paper. Make a measurement of the l

37、ength of the specimen by a manual linear measuring device with an accuracy of 0,05 mm. Put the sample in the holder and locate the temperature sensor in contact with the sample. 7.5 Setting of the instrument Follow the calibrating operation of the instrument (zero point) according to the procedure s

38、pecified by the instrument manufacturer. Move the furnace on the moving slide until the centre of the furnace corresponds to the position of the sample. 7.6 Heating program 7.6.1 Give the start up to the program previously prepared in the PC. When the heating program is concluded it is possible to r

39、emove the furnace from the sample in order to speed up the cooling phase. The recommended operative conditions are: 7.6.2 Heating phase from room temperature up to 130 C at 3 C/min. 7.6.3 Cooling phase from 130 C down to room temperature with a speed rate depending from the testing conditions. 7.6.4

40、 These operations must be repeated until the PC registration shows the starting lengths of the sample and the final length (at the same temperature) coincide. EN 14617-11:2005 (E) 6 7.7 Determination of The determination of shall be made when the sample final length is equal to the starting length:

41、the temperature range normally used for the determination of is 30 to 60 C. 8 Expression of the results The linear thermal expansion coefficient of a material is obtained by the following formula: = L /( L ox T) and is usually expressed in 10 -6 C -1to the first decimal. 9 Test report The test repor

42、t shall contain the following information: a) unique identification number for the report; b) number, title and date of issue of this document; c) name and address of the test laboratory and the address of where the test was carried out if different from the test laboratory; d) name and address of t

43、he client; e) it is the responsibility of the client to supply the following information: - name of the supplier; - name of the person or organization which carried out the sampling; - surface finish of the specimens (if relevant to the test); - nature of the binders f) date of delivery of the sampl

44、es or of the specimens; g) date when the specimens were prepared (if relevant) and the date of testing; h) number of specimens in the sample; i) dimensions of the specimens; j) heating/cooling rates used; k) results of the measurements and if they have been obtained experimentally or theoretically;

45、l) interval of temperature where the measure has been determined; m) if the measure has been obtained in the heating or in the cooling phase if they are different from each other; n) all deviations from this standard and their justification; o) remarks. EN 14617-11:2005 (E) 7 The test report shall c

46、ontain the signature(s) and role(s) of those responsible(s) for the testing and the date of issue of the report. It shall also state that the report shall not be partially reproduced without written agreement of the test laboratory. EN 14617-11:2005 (E) 8 Annex A (normative) Theoretical determinatio

47、n of A.1 Principle This test is a reference method to be used to calculate theoretically the linear thermal expansion coefficient of agglomerated stones containing big size grits ( 6 mm). A.2 Theoretical determination of When the size grits is 6 mm the small size of the sample for the experimental d

48、etermination of by common dilatometers cannot ensure the reproducibility of the test specimen respect to the whole agglomerated stone batch. In this case it is possible to calculate with a reliable accuracy the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the material through the following equation: = fx V f+ px V pwhere fand pare the expansion coefficients of the fillers and grits contained in the agglomerated stone material and of the