1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58sampling methodsThe European Standard EN 14962:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 13.060.
2、70Water quality Guidance on the scope and selection of fish BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14962:2006BS 6068-5.40:2006BS EN 14962:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 48346 0request to its secretary.Cross-
3、referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of Bri
4、tish Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a fro
5、nt cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 25 and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsA list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be
6、obtained on present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.National forewordThis British Standard is the of
7、ficial English language version of EN 14962:2006.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/3, Water quality, to Subcommittee EH/3/5, Biological methods, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text;EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPIS
8、CHE NORMEN 14962April 2006ICS 13.060.70English VersionWater quality - Guidance on the scope and selection of fishsampling methodsQualit de leau - Guide sur le domaine dapplication et laslection des mthodes dchantillonnage de poissonsWasserbeschaffenheit - Anleitung zur Anwendung undAuswahl von Verfa
9、hren zur Probenahme von FischenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 March 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date li
10、sts and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the respons
11、ibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, I
12、taly, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050
13、 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14962:2006: EEN 14962:2006 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Principle6 5 Categories of rivers
14、, lakes and transitional waters6 6 Fish sampling.7 7 Selection of sampling methods23 Bibliography 24 EN 14962:2006 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14962:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall
15、be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2006. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards orga
16、nizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sl
17、ovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14962:2006 (E) 4 Introduction This document is developed to select appropriate fish sampling methods for the evaluation of the species composition, abundance and age structure of fish in rivers, lakes and transitional waters. WARNIN
18、G Persons using this document should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance
19、with any national regulatory conditions. IMPORTANT It is absolutely essential that tests conducted according to this document be carried out by suitably trained staff. EN 14962:2006 (E) 5 1 Scope This document defines methods for sampling fish and procedures for selection of methods in order to eval
20、uate fish populations in rivers, lakes and transitional waters. A selected literature with references in support of this document is given in the bibliography. This document refers to the standards “Water quality - Sampling of fish with electricity” (EN 14011) and “Water quality - Sampling of fish w
21、ith multi-mesh gillnets” (EN 14757). 2 Normative references Not applicable 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 river natural body of water flowing continuously or intermittently along a well-defined course into an ocean, sea, lake
22、, inland depression, marsh or other water-course ISO 6107-2:1997 NOTE A body of inland water flowing for the most part on the surface of the land but which may flow underground for part of its course (Directive 2000/60/EC) 3.2 lake inland body of water of considerable area ISO 6107-2:1997 NOTE A bod
23、y of standing inland surface water (Directive 2000/60/EC). 3.3 transitional water body of surface water in the vicinity of river mouths which are partly saline in character as a result of their proximity to coastal waters but which are substantially influenced by freshwater flows (Directive 2000/60/
24、EC) 3.4 water categories rivers and transitional waters are categorized according to width and maximum depth, and lakes are categorised according to area and the presence or absence of a pelagic or profundal zone NOTE Other categories may be used in limnological science or other standards. 3.5 fish
25、habitat place where the fish is to be sampled 3.6 species composition species list from the target water which may include the relative dominance (number of fish of species A in relation to the total number of fish of all species 100 % NA/NTot) EN 14962:2006 (E) 6 3.7 fish abundance total number of
26、fish of species A (NA) per water area (NA/m2, NA/ha), water volume (NA/m3) or river or bank length (NA/m, NA/100 m); the catch per unit of effort (CPUE) as an index of abundance may also be used NOTE CPUE is the catch of fish, in numbers or in weight, taken by a definite unit of fishing effort. The
27、effort can be the number of nets set during the night, the length of a stretch sampled by electrofishing etc. 3.8 age structure number (NAi) or relative number (100 % NAi /NA) of fish of species A in age group i NOTE Age groups may be derived by age determination of fish from e.g. reading scales or
28、from length-frequency data. 4 Principle In order to evaluate the population parameters, species composition, abundance and age structure of fish populations in rivers, lakes and transitional waters, appropriate sampling methods are required. The appropriate sampling method depends on the objective i
29、tself as well as on the water type and category, the target fish species and their body length. Sampling methods are selected with respect to the broad variety of inland waters and to the diversity of species and their habitats. The suitability of the given methods was classified in order to achieve
30、 a valid evaluation. Their applicability for routine monitoring was taken into account. 5 Categories of rivers, lakes and transitional waters For the appropriate use of fish sampling methods rivers, lakes and transitional waters have been categorized. The different water categories were selected for
31、 the purpose of this standard independent of other categories used in the terminology of limnological science or other standards. Categories for rivers and transitional waters are not defined directly by water velocity, although water velocity is partly depending on river width and depth. However, s
32、ampling methods should be chosen to be appropriate for the specific water velocity in the river (see also 6.4, Table 4). The categories are as follows: Table 1 Categories for rivers Category Width max. Depth m m River category 1 (brook) 5 2 River category 4 30 to 100 2 River category 5 100 2 EN 1496
33、2:2006 (E) 7 Table 2 Categories for lakes Category Presence or absence of a pelagic or profundal zone Area km2Lake category 1 With or without a pelagic or profundal zone 0,5 Lake category 3 With a pelagic and profundal zone 0,5 Table 3 Categories for transitional waters Category Width max. Depth m m
34、 Transitional water category 1 5 2 Transitional water category 4 30 to 100 2 Transitional water category 5 100 2 Within a river or transitional water, categories according to the Tables 1 and 3 usually change from lower to higher ones according to longitudinal changes. But also within a relatively s
35、hort stretch of a river or transitional water, categories can change from lower to higher ones and vice versa. In this case, the area itself of a river or transitional water, and not the whole river or transitional water, should be classified according to the given categories. 6 Fish sampling 6.1 Ge
36、neral Sampling methods are separated into methods by capture (6.2) and data sampling without fish capture (6.3). The principles are explained and the target water types or categories and fish species are given. The suitability of the methods is evaluated depending on the different water categories a
37、nd their habitats as well as the target species. Target species are those species which can efficiently be caught by a particular method. Tables 4 to 6 provide a synopsis on sampling methods suitable or useful for the determination of the population parameters. Methods not described below may be use
38、d in order to obtain additional information. They shall not be used exclusively. 6.2 Fish sampling by capture 6.2.1 Principle of fish capture Fish may be caught by active gear (6.2.2 to 6.2.4) or passive (6.2.5 to 6.2.10). For all gear seasonal aspects shall be taken into account. The efficiency of
39、active gear (electric fishing, seining, trawling) especially may vary considerably depending on the time (day/night) of use. Active gear is characterized by a comparatively short-term use, whereas passive ones normally are exposed over longer time periods. The fishing devices used shall be adapted t
40、o the local conditions as well as to the expected fish community. If it is intended to EN 14962:2006 (E) 8 determine the species composition and age structure, an adaptation of fishing gear mesh size(s), day time and season of exposure is required. In order to determine species composition and fish
41、abundance of a certain water body the analysis of professional or non-professional fishery statistics1)may be considered as suitable, providing the statistics are based on binding regulations. Whether such types of statistics can be used or not, depends on the reliability and exactness of the fisher
42、mens records. In order to estimate fish abundance from fisheries statistics, information on fishing effort has to be included. The age structure shall be determined by additional sampling. Professional fishermen do not necessarily fish on all species occurring. Here species composition, fish abundan
43、ce and age structure of the professionally unfished species shall be determined by additional sampling. 6.2.2 Electrofishing 6.2.2.1 General Electricity is led into the water by a special apparatus and fish are caught by the anodic effect (galvanotaxis). Catching fish with electricity is restricted
44、to relatively shallow areas and to stretches of transitional waters with a relatively low conductivity ( 50 m in length, 3 m in height and mesh size 10 mm in the cod-end or the central panel. The mesh sizes of the net walls of a seine are normally larger than those in the cod-end. The whole water co
45、lumn can be sampled. The seine is pulled with ropes towards a bank, but can also be pulled into a boat. Normal seines are moved by manpower or by engine power. Water types and categories: Normal seines can be used in lakes, rivers (cat. 3 to 5) or transitional waters (cat. 3 to 5) with a relatively
46、even bottom without underwater obstacles. The height of the seine shall be adapted to the depth of the target water or zone. Target species: The mesh size of the cod-end or the central panel of the seine affects the species and size distribution of the catch. Therefore it may be difficult to catch j
47、uveniles and small species. Suitability: The length of a seine can be up to a few hundred meters, and accordingly a relatively large area can be surrounded. Fish abundance or at least a CPUE can often be estimated. Depending on the mesh size of the cod-end only fish exceeding a certain size can be c
48、aught. The samples on species composition and age structure from the respective area should be completed by samples collected with other methods. 6.2.3.4 Pelagic seine (Purse seine) Principle: Pelagic seines are mostly used in deeper lakes and samples are taken from the upper water layers. Purse sei
49、nes can be hundreds of metres in length and several metres in height. 2) The cod-end is a long-stretched net bag at the end of a seine or a trawl. EN 14962:2006 (E) 10 Water types and categories: Pelagic seines are useful in large and deeper lakes (category 3). Sometimes, pelagic seines may be used in small lakes (category 1) for special purposes. Target species: All species and stages which occur regularly in the pelagic habitat can be sampled. Suitability: Pelagic seines are highly suitable for estimating fis
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