BS EN 14985-2012 Cranes Slewing jib cranes《起重机 回转式动臂起重机》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 14985:2012Cranes Slewing jib cranesBS EN 14985:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 14985:2012. Itsupersedes BS EN 149

2、85:2007 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee MHE/3/3, Bridge, gantry and slewing jib cranes.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the

3、necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 68141 7ICS 53.020.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard

4、was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 February 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 14985:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14985 February 2012 ICS 53.020.20 Supersedes EN 14985:2007English Version Cran

5、es - Slewing jib cranes Appareils de levage charge suspendue - Grues flche pivotante Krane - Ausleger-Drehkrane This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 December 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this Euro

6、pean Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official version

7、s (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Be

8、lgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUR

9、OPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14985:2012: EBS EN 14985:20

10、12EN 14985:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4Introduction .51 Scope 62 Normative references 63 Terms and definitions .84 List of hazards 85 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 125.1 General . 125.2 Requirements for strength and stability 125.2.1 Selection of classification parameters .

11、 125.2.2 Selection of loads and load combinations . 125.2.3 Determination of factor 2125.2.4 Stall load condition . 135.2.5 Loads caused by acceleration . 145.2.6 Jib side loading . 145.2.7 Test loads 145.2.8 Conditions of use of permissible stress method and limit state method . 145.2.9 Stability o

12、f rail mounted cranes 155.3 Electrotechnical equipment . 165.3.1 General . 165.3.2 Physical environment and operating conditions 165.3.3 Electrical supply . 165.3.4 External protective earthing and equipotential bonding 165.3.5 Supply disconnecting and switching off 165.3.6 Protection against electr

13、ic shock . 175.3.7 Conductors and cables 175.3.8 Control circuits and control functions . 175.3.9 Operator interface and mounted control devices . 185.3.10 Control gear Location, mounting and enclosures . 195.3.11 Electrical requirements for the installation of load handling devices 195.3.12 Electri

14、c motors 195.4 Non-electrotechnical equipment . 195.4.1 General . 195.4.2 Braking systems . 205.4.3 Hoisting mechanism . 215.4.4 Luffing system 215.4.5 Slew mechanism . 225.4.6 Travel mechanism. 235.4.7 Gear drives 235.5 Limiting and indicating devices 245.5.1 Rated capacity limiters . 245.5.2 Indic

15、ators . 255.5.3 Motion limiters 255.5.4 Performance limiters 255.6 Protection against special hazards. 265.6.1 Hot surfaces 265.6.2 Radio equipment . 265.6.3 Laser beams 265.6.4 Fire hazard . 265.6.5 Exhaust gases . 26BS EN 14985:2012EN 14985:2012 (E) 3 5.6.6 Fuelling . 265.7 Man-machine interface 2

16、65.7.1 Controls and control stations 265.7.2 Guarding and access 275.7.3 Lighting. 275.7.4 Reduction of noise by design 285.8 Equipment for information and warning . 295.8.1 General . 295.8.2 Location of visual display units . 295.8.3 Safety colour 295.8.4 Warning lights 296 Verification of the safe

17、ty requirements and/or protective measures 296.1 General . 296.2 Fitness for purpose testing 326.2.1 General . 326.2.2 Tests . 327 Information for use 347.1 Instructions for installation and safe use . 347.2 Drivers manual 347.3 Users manual 357.4 Instructions for regular checks, inspections and tes

18、ts . 367.5 Instructions for maintenance . 367.6 Markings . 378 Information to be obtained from the purchaser . 37Annex A (informative) Guidance for classification according to EN 13001-1 . 38A.1 Total number of working cycles 38A.2 Load spectrum factor kQ 39A.3 Classification of the hoist mechanism

19、40A.4 Classification of the luffing mechanism . 41A.5 Classification of the slewing mechanism . 43Annex B (normative) Load combinations . 46Annex C (informative) Calculation of stall load factor for indirect acting lifting force limiter 47Annex D (normative) Noise test code for slewing jib cranes .

20、49D.1 General . 49D.2 Description of machinery family 49D.3 Determination of a conventional emission sound pressure level by calculation 50D.3.1 Principle of the method . 50D.3.2 Calculation . 50D.4 Emission sound pressure level determination at control stations and other specified positions by meas

21、urement . 52D.4.1 Measurement method and points 52D.4.2 Case of very large cranes . 52D.4.3 Installation and mounting conditions . 52D.4.4 Operating conditions 52D.5 Uncertainties 53D.6 Information to be recorded . 53D.7 Information to be reported 54D.8 Declaration and verification of noise emission

22、 values . 54Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC 55Bibliography 56BS EN 14985:2012EN 14985:2012 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 14985:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes - Safety”,

23、the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2012. Attention

24、is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 14985:2007. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to

25、 CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. This revision does not contain any fundamental changes. Howeve

26、r, a number of clauses have been redrafted for reasons of clarity and technical and editorial accuracy. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croati

27、a, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 14985:2012EN 149

28、85:2012 (E) 5 Introduction This European Standard has been prepared to be a harmonised standard to provide one means for slewing jib cranes to conform with the essential health and safety requirements of the Machinery Directive, as mentioned in Annex ZA. This European Standard is a type C standard a

29、s stated in EN ISO 12100:2010. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events are covered are indicated in the scope of this European Standard. When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standar

30、ds, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard. BS EN 14985:2012EN 14985:2012 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard applies to electrically or hyd

31、raulically powered slewing jib cranes mounted in one position or free to travel on horizontal rails. It does not apply to wall mounted, pillar, derrick, railway, tower or workshop jib cranes. This European Standard is not applicable to erection, dismantling operations, or changing the configuration

32、of the crane. This European Standard gives requirements for all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to slewing jib cranes, when used as intended and under conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). The specific hazards due to potentially explosive atmospheres,

33、ionising radiation, and operation in electromagnetic fields beyond the range of EN 61000-6-2 are not covered by this European Standard. This European Standard does not include requirements for the lifting of persons. This European Standard is applicable to slewing jib cranes, which are manufactured

34、after the date of approval by CEN of this European Standard. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the l

35、atest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 547-1, Safety of machinery Human body measurements Part 1: Principles for determining the dimensions required for openings for whole body access into machinery EN 547-2, Safety of machinery Human body measurements Part 2

36、: Principles for determining the dimensions required for access openings EN 894-1, Safety of machinery Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators EN 894-2, Safety of machinery Ergonomi

37、cs requirements for the design of displays and control actuators Part 2: Displays EN 953, Safety of machinery Guards General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards EN 12077-2:1998+A1:2008, Cranes safety Requirements for health and safety Part 2: Limiting and indicat

38、ing devices EN 12644-1, Cranes Information for use and testing Part 1: Instructions EN 12644-2, Cranes Information for use and testing Part 2: Marking EN 13001-1, Cranes General design Part 1: General principles and requirements EN 13001-2:2011, Crane safety General design Part 2: Load actions CEN/T

39、S 13001-3-1, Cranes General design Part 3-1: Limit states and proof of competence of steel structures CEN/TS 13001-3-2, Cranes General design Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes in reeving systems BS EN 14985:2012EN 14985:2012 (E) 7 EN 13135-1, Cranes Equipment Part 1: Elect

40、rotechnical equipment EN 13135-2, Cranes Equipment Part 2: Non-electrotechnical equipment EN 13155, Cranes Safety Non-fixed load lifting attachments EN 13557:2003+A2:2008, Cranes Controls and control stations EN 13586, Cranes Access EN 60204-11, Safety of machinery Electrical equipment of machines P

41、art 11: Requirements for HV equipment for voltages above 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c. and not exceeding 36 kV (IEC 60204-11) EN 60204-32:2008, Safety of machinery Electrical equipment of machines Part 32: Requirements for hoisting machines (IEC 60204-32:2008) EN 60825-1, Safety of laser products Par

42、t 1: Equipment classification and requirements (IEC 60825-1) EN ISO 4871, Acoustics Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and equipment (ISO 4871) EN ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials Tensile testing Part 1: Method of test at room temperature (ISO 6892-1) EN ISO 11201:2010,

43、 Acoustics Noise emitted by machinery and equipment Determination of emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane with negligible environmental corrections (ISO 11201:2010) EN ISO 11688-1, Acoustics Recommended

44、 practice for the design of low-noise machinery and equipment Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1) EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery General principles for design Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100:2010) EN ISO 13732-1:2008, Ergonomics of the thermal environment Methods for the assessme

45、nt of human responses to contact with surfaces Part 1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1:2006) EN ISO 13849-1:2008, Safety of machinery Safety-related parts of control systems Part 1: General principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2006) EN ISO 13857, Safety of machinery Safety distances to prevent hazard zones

46、being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857) ISO 3864 (all parts), Graphical symbols Safety colours and safety signs ISO 6336-1, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears Part 1: Basic principles, introduction and general influence factors ISO 6336-2, Calculation of load capacity

47、of spur and helical gears Part 2: Calculation of surface durability (pitting) ISO 7752-4, Cranes Controls Layout and characteristics Part 4: Jib cranes ISO 8566-4, Cranes Cabins Part 4: Jib cranes ISO 9374-4, Cranes Information to be provided Part 4: Jib cranes ISO 12210-4, Cranes Anchoring devices

48、for in-service and out-of-service conditions Part 4: Jib cranes BS EN 14985:2012EN 14985:2012 (E) 8 ISO 12488-4, Cranes Tolerances for wheels and travel and traversing tracks Part 4: Jib cranes FEM 1.001:1998, booklets 9 and 10, Rules for the design of hoisting appliances 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in