1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58plants Test scheme for final acceptance and specificationsThe European Standard EN 14987:2006 has t
2、he status of a British StandardICS 13.060.30; 83.080.01Plastics Evaluation of disposability in waste water treatment BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14987:2006BS EN 14987:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 December 2006 BSI 2006ISBN
3、 0 580 49792 5Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentscontract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation
4、 of EN 14987:2006.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/21, Testing of plastics.A list of organizations represented on PRI/21 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a EUROPEAN
5、 STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14987November 2006ICS 13.060.30; 83.080.01English VersionPlastics - Evaluation of disposability in waste water treatmentplants - Test scheme for final acceptance and specificationsPlastiques - Evaluation de laptitude des plastiques trelimins dans des station
6、s de traitement des eaux uses -Plan dessai pour acceptation finale et spcificationsKunststoffe - Bewertung der Entsorgbarkeit in Klranlagen -Prfplan fr Endabnahme und SpezifikationenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 6 October 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Inte
7、rnal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
8、This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are th
9、e national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
10、 Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14987:2006: EEN 14
11、987:2006 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Principle5 5 Test methods5 6 Requirements.7 7 Classification and designation.7 8 Test report 8 Bibliography 9 EN 14987:2006 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14987:2006) has been prepared by Technic
12、al Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics“, the secretariat of which is held by IBN/BIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
13、the latest by May 2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ir
14、eland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EN 14987:2006 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies test methods and criteria which are to be applied in order to verify if
15、a solid plastic material can be considered as disposable in waste water treatment plants, i.e. it does not create problems for the environment and for the drainage systems. In order to reach this conclusion it needs be verified that the plastic material under evaluation is biodegradable under aerobi
16、c conditions (i.e. susceptible to mineralization) and water soluble or water dispersible. NOTE Plastic materials which are shown to be in compliance with this European Standard can be used to produce items which, for their characteristics of water solubility or water dispersibility and biodegradabil
17、ity, can be eventually disposed of in municipal or industrial waste water treatment plants, through the sewage. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated referenc
18、es, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 14851, Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium Method by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer (ISO 14851:1999) EN ISO 14852, Determina
19、tion of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide (ISO 14852:1999) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 water soluble plastic plastic item that is a
20、ble to readily produce water solutions capable to pass throughout a membrane with pore size of 0,45 m 3.2 cold water water at a temperature 25 C 3.2 hot water water at a temperature 60 C 3.3 cold water soluble plastic water soluble plastic which can be solubilized in cold water 3.4 hot water soluble
21、 plastic water soluble plastic which can be solubilized in hot water 3.5 water dispersible plastic plastic item that is able to readily fragments in water in particles lower than 10 mm size EN 14987:2006 (E) 5 3.6 cold water dispersible plastic water dispersible plastic which can be dispersed in col
22、d water 3.7 hot water dispersible plastic water dispersible plastic which can be dispersed in hot water 4 Principle The biodegradability of the plastic material is determined by performing a standard respirometric test method under aqueous and aerobic conditions. The water dispersibility or the wate
23、r solubility is then assessed performing specific tests, as described in the following. 5 Test methods 5.1 Determination of biodegradability The biodegradability of the water soluble or water dispersible plastic is evaluated by using the EN ISO 14852 standard test method. Biodegradability can also b
24、e determined by evaluating the biochemical consumption of oxygen following the EN ISO 14851 standard test method. 5.2 Determination of solubility/dispersibility 5.2.1 Apparatus 5.2.1.1 Magnetic stirrer A magnetic stirrer with the speed control, which can reach 150 rpm. 5.2.1.2 Filter Glass sintered
25、funnel for holding a filtering membrane with 0,45 m pore size in poly(vinylidenefloride) (PVDF), or in cellulose acetate (CA) or in nylon, or in regenerated cellulose (RC (size 4,7 cm diameter). 5.2.1.3 Sieve Inox steel sieve, mesh of 10 mm (see ISO 3310) with maximum diameter 10 cm. 5.2.1.4 Set up
26、for under pressure or under vacuum filtration 5.2.1.5 Analytical balance with mg precision 5.2.2 Specimens Specimen dimension shall be not lower than 25 mm 25 mm, the specimen thickness will set the maximum thickness of the final product. In any case the density of the final product shall be equal o
27、r lower than the density of the specimen. The total mass of specimens shall be of at least 1 g. In the case of multilayer products, the specimen shall have the same multilayer structure (number, type, sequence and thickness of layers) of the final product, and dimensions as above. EN 14987:2006 (E)
28、6 The specimen is dried in an oven up to constant weight at (50 2) C under vacuum before weighing. 5.2.3 Water quality The initial pH of the water should be neutral, and shall be measured after the sample dissolution. Any pH changes have to be mentioned in the report. 5.2.4 Temperature Temperature s
29、hould be monitored during the test to detect any effect of the heat of specimen dissolution. If a significant temperature rise is observed, the sample shall be introduced progressively in water. 5.2.5 Carrying out of the test 5.2.5.1 Water treatment 1 litre of tap water is kept under stirring at 150
30、 rpm in a 2 litres beaker. The specimen is released into the stirring water and the suspension maintained under stirring for 16 h either at (25 2) C to evaluate cold water solubility and dispersibility, or at (60 2) C to evaluate hot water solubility and dispersibility. After this period the suspens
31、ion can be subjected either to the determination of the water soluble fraction “S“ or to the determination of the water dispersible fraction (D), depending on the dissolution level reached after this period by the specimen. 5.2.5.2 Determination of the water soluble fraction “S” The solution obtaine
32、d as described in 5.2.5.1 is cooled to room temperature, if necessary, and immediately filtered on a 0,45 m filter, preferably applying a light pressure, otherwise by vacuum pump aspiration. The fraction “S” will be obtained by determining the dry mass of the filter before and after filtration, dryi
33、ng in the oven under vacuum at (50 2) C up to constant mass. The determination of the water soluble fraction S shall be the result of at least three tests performed independently. The water soluble fraction S, is calculated as an average of the single test values, as reported in the following equati
34、on: 33111= =iCiiTPLiPS(1) where S is the water soluble fraction; PLiis the dry mass of the filter after filtration; PTiis the dry mass of the filter before filtration; Ci is the dry mass of the specimen at the start of the experiment. 5.2.5.3 Determination of the water dispersible fraction “D” The w
35、ater dispersion obtained as described in 5.2.5.1 is cooled to room temperature, if necessary, and immediately sieved by gravity on a 10 mm mesh pre-weighed sieve. The fraction D will be obtained by determination of the dry weight of the sieve before and after sieving, dried in the oven under vacuum
36、at (50 2) C up to constant weight. The determination of the water dispersible fraction D shall be the result of at least three tests performed independently. The water dispersible fraction D is evaluated as the average of the values obtained by the single tests, as reported in the following equation
37、: EN 14987:2006 (E) 7 33111= =iCiiQTQLiD(2) where D is the water dispersible fraction; QLiis the dry weight of the sieve after sieving; QTiis the dry weight of the sieve before sieving; Ci is the dry weight of the specimen at the start of the experiment. 6 Requirements 6.1 Biodegradability For the p
38、urposes of this European Standard, a plastic material is considered as biodegradable if after 56 days of testing it reaches a mineralization degree which is at least 90 % or the 90 % of the mineralization degree reached in the same time by the reference material, tested in parallel (relative biodegr
39、adation 90 %). The reference material is soluble starch or microcrystalline cellulose. For the purposes of this European Standard the standard test methods applied to verify biodegradability, EN ISO 14851 and EN ISO 14852, shall be performed with the following restrictions. The microbial inocula sha
40、ll be obtained only from municipal or industrial sewage sludge. Soil or compost inocula are excluded. The test temperature shall be room temperature (from 20 C to 25 C). It is excluded to run the tests under thermophilic temperature condition. 6.2 Water solubility and water dispersibility For the pu
41、rpose of this European Standard a plastic item is considered to be a cold water soluble plastic or a hot water soluble plastic if it produces a soluble fraction S 0,9 after dissolution in cold or hot water, respectively. For the purpose of this European Standard a plastic item is considered to be a
42、cold water dispersible plastic or a hot water dispersible plastic if it produces a dispersible fraction D 0,9 after dissolution in cold or hot water, respectively. 7 Classification and designation A plastic item which is shown to be biodegradable and water soluble/dispersible can be indicated as sui
43、table to be disposed of in a waste water treatment plant. A further classification is between the cold water and the hot water soluble/dispersible plastics. The second class can be disposed of through the sewage only after exposition to hot water. A further classification is between the soluble and
44、dispersible plastics. The second class is not suitable for application where the final solution shall pass through small diameter pipes or orifices, i.e. laundry bags for washing machines. EN 14987:2006 (E) 8 8 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) reference at this
45、 European Standard, i.e. EN 14987; b) every information necessary to identify and describe the material under examination; c) extent of the soluble fraction (S) or of the dispersible fraction (D); d) results of the biodegradation experiment, including the inoculum characteristics and its preparation
46、, the reference material used, and all the other information which is required by EN ISO 14851 or EN ISO 14852 to be explicitly quoted in the test report. EN 14987:2006 (E) 9 Bibliography 1 ISO 3310 (all parts), Test sieves Technical requirements and testing BS EN BSI389 Chiswick High RoadLondonW4 4
47、AL14987:2006BSI British Standards InstitutionBSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter.RevisionsBritish Standards are updated by amendment or rev
48、ision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions.It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform t
49、he Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9000. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7400.BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards.Buying standardsOrders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Services. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9001. Fax: +
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