1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 14995:2006Plastics Evaluation of compostability Test scheme and specificationsThe European Standard EN 14995:2006 has the status of a British StandardICS 13.030.99; 83.080.01g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g
2、38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Wed Apr 11 02:25:27 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 14995:2006This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Comm
3、ittee on 31 January 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 49994 4National forewordThis British Standard was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 14995:2006. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/82, Thermoplastic materials.A list of organizations repre
4、sented on PRI/82 can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments issued s
5、ince publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Wed Apr 11 02:25:27 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 14995December 2006ICS 13.030.99; 83.080.01English VersionPlastics - Evaluation of compostability - Test scheme andspecifi
6、cationsMatires plastiques - Evaluation de la compostabilit -Programme dessais et spcificationsKunststoffe - Bewertung der Kompostierbarkeit -Prfschema und SpezifikationenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 November 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regula
7、tions which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This Europe
8、an Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national
9、standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EU
10、ROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14995:2006: ELicensed Copy: W
11、ang Bin, na, Wed Apr 11 02:25:27 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 14995:2006 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction4 1 Scope .5 2 Normative references.5 3 Terms and definitions 6 4 Requirements6 5 Organization of a test scheme 8 6 Laboratory tests on biodegradability .8 7 Determinat
12、ion of disintegration 8 8 Quality of the final compost 9 Annex A (normative) Evaluation criteria11 Annex B (informative) Flow chart of evaluation of organic recoverability of plastic materials 13 Annex C (informative) Prerequisites and quality of compost for evaluating composting of plastic material
13、s17 Annex D (normative) Determination of ecotoxic effects to higher plants18 Bibliography.20 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Wed Apr 11 02:25:27 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 14995:2006 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 14995:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plas
14、tics“, the secretariat of which is held by IBN/BIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2007. Acc
15、ording to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithu
16、ania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Wed Apr 11 02:25:27 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 14995:2006 (E) 4 Introduction This European Standard defines the r
17、equirements for plastic materials to be considered organically recoverable. It provides a framework which can be used to support claims of compostability of plastics. The approach of this European Standard is comparable to that of EN 13432 which defines the requirements for packaging materials. Orga
18、nic recovery of used plastic materials is one of several recovery options within the overall life cycle of plastic materials. This European Standard presents a framework for assessment to determine whether the requirements of this European Standard have been met. Its approach is similar to that of s
19、ystems standards such as the EN ISO 9000 and EN ISO 14000 series. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Wed Apr 11 02:25:27 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 14995:2006 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard specifies requirements and procedures to determine the compostability or anaerobic treatabil
20、ity of plastic materials by addressing four characteristics: I) biodegradability, II) disintegration during biological treatment, III) effect on the biological treatment process and IV) effect on the quality of the resulting compost. NOTE For packaging EN 13432 applies. 2 Normative references The fo
21、llowing referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 14851, Determination of the ultimate aerobic bio
22、degradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium - Method by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer (ISO 14851:1999) EN ISO 14852, Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide (ISO 1
23、4852:1999) EN ISO 14855, Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability and disintegration of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide (ISO 14855:1999) ISO 16929, Plastics Determination of the degree of disintegration of plastic ma
24、terials under defined composting conditions in a pilot-scale test OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals 208: Terrestrial Plants, Growth Test; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2 rue Andr Pascal, F - 75775 Paris Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Wed Apr 11 02:25:27 GMT+00:00 2007,
25、 Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 14995:2006 (E) 6 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 constituent of a plastic material every pure chemical material or substance of which a plastic material is composed 3.2 disintegration physical fal
26、ling apart into very small fragments of a plastic material 3.3 ultimate biodegradation breakdown of an organic chemical compound by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen to carbon dioxide, water and mineral salts or any other elements present (mineralization) and new biomass or in the absence of
27、oxygen to carbon dioxide, methane, mineral salts and new biomass 3.4 total dry solids amount of solids obtained by taking a known amount of plastic material or compost and drying at about 105 C to constant weight 3.5 volatile solids amount of solids obtained by subtracting the residues of a known am
28、ount of plastic material or compost after incineration at about 550 C from the total dry solids content of the same sample. The volatile solids content is an indication of the amount of organic matter 4 Requirements 4.1 Control of constituents Constituents known to be, or expected to become, harmful
29、 to the environment during the biological treatment process (see Clause 8), in excess of the limits given in A.1, shall not be deliberately introduced into plastic materials intended to be designated as suitable for organic recovery. 4.2 Assessment 4.2.1 General Except as identified in 4.3, assessme
30、nt of the biological treatability of plastic materials shall include the following 5 assessment procedures as a minimum: characterization (4.2.2); biodegradability (4.2.3); disintegration including effects on the biological treatment process (4.2.4); compost quality (4.2.5); recognizability (4.2.6).
31、 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Wed Apr 11 02:25:27 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 14995:2006 (E) 7 4.2.2 Characterization A plastic material under investigation shall be identified and characterized prior to testing including at least: information on, and identification of, the constitu
32、ents of the plastic material; determination of the presence of hazardous substances, e.g. heavy metals; determination of the organic carbon content, total dry solids and volatile solids of the plastic material used for biodegradation and disintegration tests. NOTE Chemical characteristics pass level
33、s need to be met for volatile solids and heavy metals. 4.2.3 Biodegradability To be designated as organically recoverable, a plastic material shall be inherently and ultimately biodegradable as demonstrated in laboratory tests (Clause 6) and to the criteria and pass levels given in A.2. 4.2.4 Disint
34、egration To be designated as organically recoverable, a plastic material shall disintegrate in a biological waste treatment process (Clause 7) to the criteria and pass levels given in A.3, without any observable negative effect on the process. 4.2.5 Compost quality To be designated as organically re
35、coverable, a plastic material submitted to a biological waste treatment process, shall not have a negative effect on the quality of the resulting compost (Clause 8). 4.2.6 Recognizability A plastic material which is intended for entering the biowaste stream shall be recognizable as compostable or bi
36、odegradable by the end user by appropriate means. 4.3 Exemption for the equivalent form A plastic material demonstrated to be organically recoverable in a particular form, shall be accepted as being organically recoverable in any other form having the same or a smaller mass to outer surface ratio an
37、d maximum wall thickness. 4.4 Recording of assessment outcome 4.4.1 Check list For each plastic material the result of each assessment or test undertaken as required in 4.2.1, shall be recorded on an assessment check list and their outcome used to determine whether a plastic material is biologically
38、 treatable and therefore suitable for organic recovery. The check list shall provide data for the identification of any supplementary information. 4.4.2 Supporting documentation The check list, together with any other information, including externally sourced technical data, necessary to support the
39、 conclusions reached in the assessments, shall be retained and made available for inspection if required. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, na, Wed Apr 11 02:25:27 GMT+00:00 2007, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 14995:2006 (E) 8 5 Organization of a test scheme In view of the relative complexity of some of the p
40、rocedures involved, it is essential that assessment and testing be undertaken in a formal and organized way. Whilst this European Standard does not attempt to specify such organization, a flowchart of a recommended scheme is provided in Annex B. Where required, the disintegration test may also be us
41、ed to obtain information on any negative effects that the plastic material could have on the composting process. Compost is not only the final product of the aerobic composting process but also the aerobically stabilized product of the anaerobic biogasification process. Where appropriate, an anaerob
42、ic disintegration test may be performed additionally. NOTE It is important to recognise that it is not necessary that biodegradation of a plastic material is fully completed by the end of biological treatment in technical plants but that it can subsequently be completed during the use of the compost
43、 produced. 6 Laboratory tests on biodegradability Only biodegradation tests that provide unequivocal information on the inherent and ultimate biodegradability of a plastic material or its significant organic constituents (see A.2.1.1) shall be used. The controlled aerobic composting test according t
44、o EN ISO 14855 shall be used unless inappropriate to the type and properties of the material under test. In the event that alternative methods are necessary an internationally standardized biodegradability test method (see e.g. ISO/TR 15462) shall be used, in particular EN ISO 14851 and EN ISO 14852
45、 which are designed for polymeric materials. NOTE 1 Information on how to handle poorly water soluble test materials for use in aquatic biodegradation tests may be obtained from EN ISO 10634. NOTE 2 For the purpose of this European Standard it is sufficient to test biodegradability under aerobic con
46、ditions. If in a special case additional information on biogasification is required, a method with a high-solids test environment such as ISO 15985 should preferably be used. For screening anaerobic biodegradability for example ISO 14853 or EN ISO 11734 may be used. 7 Determination of disintegration
47、 Unless technically impossible, the plastic material shall be tested for disintegration in the form in which it will ultimately be used. The controlled pilot-scale test according to ISO 16929 shall be used as the reference test method. A test in a full-scale treatment facility may, however, be accep
48、ted as equivalent. The pilot-scale test simulates, as closely as possible, the real conditions of a high-level aerobic composting facility whereas a full-scale facility (technical composting plant) has always by definition real conditions and treatment periods. In practice plastic specimens of a giv
49、en material are tested and from the laboratory results the disintegradability of any plastic product produced with that material, having equal or minor thickness, is inferred. Due to the nature and analytical conditions of the disintegration test (ISO 16929) the test results cannot differentiate between biodegradation and abiotic disintegration but they are required to demonstrate that a sufficient disintegration of the plastic material is achieved within the specified treatment time of biowaste. By combining these observations with the information o
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