BS EN 15221-4-2011 Facility management Taxonomy classification and structures in facility management《设备管理 设备管理中的类别和结构的分类学》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 15221-4:2011Facility ManagementPart 4: Taxonomy, Classification andStructures in Facility ManagementCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under l

2、icense with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15221-4:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15221-4:2011.BSI, as the UK member of CEN, is obliged to publish EN 15221-4:2011as a British Stan

3、dard. However, attention is drawn to the factthat during the development of this European Standard, the UKcommittee voted against its approval as a European Standard.Throughout its development, the UK committee FMW/1 attemptedto ensure that it met its original intent to support the forthcomingbenchm

4、arking standard, EN 15221-7, but much of the content of EN15221-4:2011 does not apply to benchmarking. As a result, there isthe potential for conflict between EN 15221-4:2011 and EN 15221-7.Therefore, the committee would recommend users take cautionwhen using both standards together.As well as this,

5、 whilst EN 15221-4:2011 does establish a high levelclassification and hierarchical coding structure in the classifiedproducts list for standardized facility products, the list does notinclude a structured logic for the allocation of services within thehierarchy. The UK committee would like to point

6、out that this limitsits use as a practical guide to facilities managers within the UK.However, the user can create their own definition for those partsof the product classification that have not been standardized anduse the informative information contained in Annex E regarding theallocation of cost

7、s within the proposed coding structure, in order toovercome this.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee FMW/1, Facilities management.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport

8、 to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012ISBN 978 0 580 68258 2ICS 03.080.99; 91.140.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was publi

9、shed under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license

10、from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15221-4:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15221-4 October 2011 ICS 03.080.99; 91.140.01 English Version Facility Management - Part 4: Taxonomy, Classification and Structures in Facility Management Facilities management - Partie 4: Taxinomie, classification e

11、t structures Facility Management - Teil 4: Taxonomie, Klassifikation und Strukturen im Facility Management This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 July 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Stan

12、dard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (Englis

13、h, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bu

14、lgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE F

15、OR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15221-4:2011: ECopyright European Committee

16、for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15221-4:2011EN 15221-4:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4Common Introduction for the European Standards EN 15221-3, EN 15221-4, EN 15221-5 and EN 15221-

17、6 5Introduction to Taxonomy, Classification and Structures in Facility Management 71 Scope 82 Normative references 83 Terms and definitions .83.1 General taxonomy of Facility Management related terms and definitions 83.2 Financial and administrative terms and definitions 103.3 Definitions of main st

18、andardised facility products . 114 Derivation of Facility Products and Relationship Model 134.1 General . 134.2 The generic structures needed to describe a facility product . 134.3 Facility Management relationship model . 144.4 Processes 174.4.1 General . 174.4.2 Facility Management Processes . 174.

19、4.3 Classification of facility products . 174.5 The quality cycle in the FM relationship model . 184.6 Client perspective and national customs . 195 Description of the Standardised Facility Products . 21Annex A (informative) Graphic representation of the Facility Product Map 55Annex B (informative)

20、Additional comments to specific Facility Products . 61B.1 Reference to the FM model and interaction with organisation 61B.2 Product FM Facility Management Strategic Integration . 62B.3 Product 1000 Tactical Integration (Space definitions of terms and contents to standardise facility products which p

21、rovide a basis for cross border trade, data management, cost allocation and benchmarking; a high level classification and hierarchical coding structure for the standardised facility products; expanding the basic FM model given in EN 15221-1 by adding a time scale in the form of the quality cycle cal

22、led PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Act); a linkage to existing cost and facilities structures; alignment with the primary activities requirements. Additional benefits from this standard are: Introducing a client rather than a specifically asset oriented view; Harmonisation of different existing national str

23、uctures (e.g. building cost codes) on an upper level relevant for the organisation and its primary activities. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated reference

24、s, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15221-1:2006, Facility Management Part 1: Terms and definitions EN 13306, Maintenance Maintenance terminology 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

25、3.1 General taxonomy of Facility Management related terms and definitions 3.1.1 adaptability possibility (ability) of changing characteristics like volume or function or space in order to meet new requirements NOTE 1 Adaptability consists of: Elasticity: The possibility of changing the volume; Copyr

26、ight European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15221-4:2011EN 15221-4:2011 (E) 9 Generality: The possibility of changing the function; Flexibility: The possibility of changing

27、the distribution of space. NOTE 2 Usability is defined in ISO 9241. 3.1.2 classification system for grouping and categorising items with similar characteristics (attributes) 3.1.3 facility manager person responsible for the facility management organisation who is the single point of contact for the

28、client on strategic level; leads the FM organisation, ensures quality and continuous improvement and conducts strategic projects and tasks NOTE If he is a member of the board of the organisation, the facility manager is also called Chief Facility Management Officer CFMO or Chief Facility Executive C

29、FE. 3.1.4 facility process support process which is integrated and managed by FM NOTE 1 The output of a facility process is a facility product. NOTE 2 Facility processes are subdivided into facility management processes on strategic and tactical level and facility services processes on operational l

30、evel. 3.1.5 FM product map structure of the standardised (classified) facility products in FM NOTE Based on EN ISO 9000 the term product is used to cover service, software and hardware. 3.1.6 hierarchy structure of levels in which each level includes its lower levels NOTE Taxonomies are frequently a

31、rranged in a hierarchical structure. Typically they are related by supertype-subtype, also called parent-child relationships. 3.1.7 real estate encompasses land along with anything affixed to the land, such as buildings NOTE Real estate, immovable property, real property, realty are used synonymousl

32、y. 3.1.8 standardised facility product one of a defined set of classified and hierarchically organised facility services. Depending on national language customs, the term standardised facility service may be used synonymously NOTE 1 The term product is used in accordance with EN ISO 9000 being the o

33、utput of a (facility) process which can be a single or a package of material (hardware) or immaterial provisions (software), supplies or services which support the primary activity of the organisation and its properties. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license

34、with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15221-4:2011EN 15221-4:2011 (E) 10 NOTE 2 The term “Facility product“ has been chosen due to its more commodified (classified) and therefore more comparable nature to enable benchmarking while facility s

35、ervices generally are of a more individual and customised nature. The products have been defined from a client perspective while considering different European customs. NOTE 3 In this standard the term “Facility“ (= a tangible asset, see EN 15221-1) is used in the sense of “facilitation“, to provide

36、 services, assets, tools and consumables to make work easier/to support the primary activities. This includes a whole production site of an organisation and goes down to a single sheet of paper which needs to be purchased, stored, supplied, bound, archived and recycled. Facilities like a building or

37、 a sheet of paper are always embedded in activities and the provision of services. 3.1.9 structure relationships between classes, groups and categories and how they are linked together 3.1.10 support processes a workflow of activities not designated as primary activities (non-core activities) NOTE S

38、upport processes which are integrated and delivered by FM are called facility processes. 3.1.11 taxonomy practice and science of classification NOTE A knowledge map of a topic typically realised as a controlled vocabulary of terms and or phrases. An orderly classification of information according to

39、 presumed natural relationships. A classification system for improved information management, which should contribute to improving the capability of users to sustain and improve the operations of their business, into a series of hierarchical groups to make them easier to identify, study, or locate.

40、3.1.12 tenant individual or business which has temporary possession of or pays rent for real estate owned by another party (landlord) 3.2 Financial and administrative terms and definitions NOTE When registering, recording or collecting facility costs, as well as allocating them to products, it is ne

41、cessary to indicate the nature of the costs and revenue. A definition of cost types and terms related to costs used in this standard is given below. For more detailed definitions this standard refers to national or international accounting standards. 3.2.1 asset management activities aiming to optim

42、ize the life cycle costs of facilities which have a value for the organisation NOTE In the context of facility management, this is either an activity within the FM organisation and each standardised facility product concerning the facilities needed to provide its support services or a support servic

43、e to the primary activity and concerning e.g. its production facilities. 3.2.2 cost of capital interest and provision for capital 3.2.3 cost of enhancement of initial performance (improvement costs) costs needed to change a facility to meet new requirements Copyright European Committee for Standardi

44、zation Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15221-4:2011EN 15221-4:2011 (E) 11 3.2.4 depreciation estimated or expected decline in value of an asset NOTE The term is used in accounting, economics and finance to

45、 spread the cost of an asset over the span of several years. 3.2.5 FM cost centres element within the accounting system which captures FM-costs 3.2.6 material costs/costs of materials costs of goods (e.g. consumables, tools, spare parts) 3.2.7 personnel costs/costs of personnel wage costs (the gross

46、 annual salary, including social plans and taxes, holiday pay, gratuities, bonuses and profit sharing) and other personnel costs 3.2.8 primary activity cost centres element within the accounting system which captures costs NOTE A cost centre often represents a division that adds to the cost of the o

47、rganisation. 3.2.9 revenue earnings NOTE Costs and revenue are linked to the time when they are generated. Costs therefore are not necessarily equal to expenditure, and revenue does not, by definition, constitute receipts and vice versa. 3.2.10 tax costs costs such as taxes, fees and offsetting of n

48、on-reclaimable VAT (value added tax) 3.3 Definitions of main standardised facility products NOTE Facility products are hierarchically structured. The principle structure is outlined in the body of this standard and the terms are therefore added in this chapter. The structure follows the examples giv

49、en in the annex of EN 15221-1 with minor adaptations. A more detailed definition of these standardised facility products as well as the definitions of the products on lower levels are given in Clause 5. 3.3.1 business support services supporting mainly the management of an organisation, for example,