1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 15234-2:2012Solid biofuels Fuel qualityassurancePart 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial useBS EN 15234-2:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the
2、UK implementation of EN 15234-2:2012.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/17, Solid biofuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovi
3、sions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012ISBN 978 0 580 75034 2ICS 75.160.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Poli
4、cy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 15234-2:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15234-2 January 2012 ICS 75.160.10 English Version Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industria
5、l use Biocombustibles solides - Assurance qualit du combustible - Partie 2: Granuls de bois densifi usage non industriel Feste Biobrennstoffe - Qualittssicherung von Brennstoffen - Teil 2: Holzpellets fr nichtindustrielle Verwendung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 November 2011. CEN
6、 members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on appl
7、ication to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Ma
8、nagement Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Neth
9、erlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of expl
10、oitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15234-2:2012: EBS EN 15234-2:2012EN 15234-2:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3Introduction 41 Scope 52 Normative references53 Terms and definitions .54 Symbols and abbreviations .65 Quality assurance and
11、 quality control measures 65.1 General .65.2 Traceability 75.3 Production requirements .85.4 Fuel requirements for the final product (Step 1) 85.5 Process description (Steps 2,3 and 4) 85.6 Measures to assure the quality of the product (Step 5) . 105.6.1 Inspection of incoming raw material and other
12、 goods 105.6.2 Wood pellet production . 105.6.3 Distribution . 115.7 Routines for separate handling of nonconforming raw materials and solid biofuels (Step 6) . 126 Product declaration of fuel quality and labelling 12Annex A (informative) Examples of product declarations . 13Annex B (informative) A-
13、deviations . 15Bibliography 16BS EN 15234-2:2012EN 15234-2:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15234-2:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, eithe
14、r by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENE
15、LEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. The European Standard series EN 15234, Solid biofuels Fuel quality assurance are provided
16、as a general requirements and additional product standards. Additional product standards may extend this series over time. EN 15234 consists of the following parts, under the general title Solid biofuels Fuel quality assurance: Part 1: General requirements; Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial us
17、e; Part 3: Wood briquettes for non-industrial use; Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use; Part 5: Firewood for non-industrial use; Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use. Although these product standards may be obtained separately, it should be recognized that they require an understan
18、ding of the standards based on and supporting EN 15234-1. It is recommended to obtain and use EN 15234-1 in conjunction with these standards. NOTE In these product standards, non-industrial use means - use in smaller scale appliances, such as in households, in small commercial and public sector buil
19、dings. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
20、Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. BS EN 15234-2:2012EN 15234-2:2012 (E) 4 Introduction The overall aim of this European Standard is to guarantee the wood pel
21、let quality through the whole supply chain, from the origin to the delivery of the solid biofuel and provide adequate confidence that specified quality requirements are fulfilled. The objective of this European Standard is to serve as a tool to enable the efficient trading of wood pellets. Thereby:
22、1) the end-user can find a pellet that corresponds to its needs; 2) the producer/supplier can produce a pellet with defined and consistent properties and describe the pellet to the customers. Quality assurance measures should establish confidence in the pellet through systems that are simple to oper
23、ate and do not cause undue bureaucracy. Wood pellets are specified according to EN 14961-2, Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use. BS EN 15234-2:2012EN 15234-2:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard defines the procedures to fulfil the quality
24、requirements (quality control) and describes measures to ensure adequate confidence that the wood pellet specification described in EN 14961-2 is fulfilled (quality assurance). This European Standard covers the production and delivery chain, from purchasing of raw materials to point of delivery to t
25、he end-user. This European standard covers only quality assurance for wood pellets produced from the woody biomasses stated in EN 14961-1:2010, Table 1 and EN 14961-2. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated referenc
26、es, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14588:2010, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 14961-1:2010, Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 1: General requir
27、ements EN 14961-2:2011, Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use EN 15234-1, Solid biofuels Fuel quality assurance Part 1: General requirements NOTE In EN 14961-1:2010 there are listed Normative references of the European Standards for sampling and s
28、ample reduction and in EN 14961-2:2011 for determination of solid biofuel properties 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14588:2010 and the following apply. 3.1 wood pellet densified biofuel made from pulverised woody biomass with or witho
29、ut additives usually with a cylindrical form, random length typically 5 mm to 40 mm, with broken ends NOTE The raw material for wood pellets is woody biomass in accordance with Table 1 of EN 14961-1:2010. Pellets are usually manufactured in a die, with total moisture content usually less than 10 % o
30、f their mass on wet basis. 3.2 additive material which improves the quality of the fuel (e.g. combustion properties), reduces emissions or makes production more efficient 3.3 chemical treatment treatment with chemicals other than air, water or heat NOTE Examples of chemical treatment are listed in i
31、nformative Annex C of EN 14961-1:2010. BS EN 15234-2:2012EN 15234-2:2012 (E) 6 3.4 impurities material other than the raw material or fuel itself such as soil, stones, metal, plastic, glass 3.5 weather condition temperature, humidity and precipitation, e.g. rain, snow 4 Symbols and abbreviations The
32、 symbols and abbreviations used in this European Standard comply with the SI system of units as far as possible. d dry (dry basis) ar as received w-% weight-percentage A designation for ash content, Adw-%, dry basis1)BD designation for bulk density as received kg/m31)D designation for diameter as re
33、ceived, D mm1)DU designation for mechanical durability as received w-%1)F designation for amount of fines as received w-%, particles less than 3,15 mm L designation for length as received, L mm1)M designation for moisture content as received in wet basis, Marw-%1)Q designation for net calorific valu
34、e as received, qp,net,arMJ/kg or kWh/kg or MWh/t at constant pressure1)NOTE 1 MJ/kg equals 0,277 8 kWh/kg (1 kWh/kg equals 1 MWh/t and 1 MWh/t is 3,6 MJ/kg). 1 g/cm3equals 1 kg/dm3. 5 Quality assurance and quality control measures 5.1 General Quality assurance and control aim to provide confidence t
35、hat a stable quality is continually achieved in accordance with the customer requirements. It means that specified requirements are fulfilled, but it does not necessarily mean a high quality but a steady and continually achieved quality in accordance with the customers requirements. The customer is
36、the next operator in the supply chain. Customer requirements include not only the fuel quality, but also the quality of the companys performance, such as documentation (product declaration, labelling of packaging, etc.), timing and logistics (to provide biofuels in time and to agreed performances cr
37、iteria). 1) Designation symbols are used in combination with a number to specify property levels (see for example Table 1, EN 14961-2:2011). For designation of chemical properties chemical symbols like S (sulphur), Cl (chlorine), N (nitrogen) are used and the value is added at the end of the symbol.
38、 BS EN 15234-2:2012EN 15234-2:2012 (E) 7 Fuel quality assurance needs to be applied to the entire supply chain. As the supply chains for solid biofuels in most cases needs to be kept very simple, the same documents are often used for documentation of quality assurance and quality control measures. N
39、OTE When the customer is a supplier, a retailer or end user, the customer requirements are usually written in sales contracts. Quality control is fundamentally about controlling the quality of a product or process to enable the delivery of the product or service within agreed parameters in the most
40、efficient and cost effective way. The consequences of having good quality control will be a cost effective product and process. Quality assurance on the other hand, is about reviewing the products and processes, primarily through data provided from the quality control records and using this data: a)
41、 to provide confidence that products are produced within the required specification and processes are operated as they should be, and b) to assure that over a longer term either consistency is being maintained (stability in process results) or that quality improvements are making the intended impact
42、. 5.2 Traceability Wood pellets for non-industrial use shall be specified with EN 14961-2. The origin and source of solid biofuel is specified by Table 1 in EN 14961-1:2010. There are three parts in the supply chain, illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 1 Simplified example of a wood pellet supply chain
43、All operators in the supply chain are responsible for the traceability of the origin and source of the material delivered by them. The first operator is responsible for the documents being prepared the first time. The documents shall be available and provided on justified request throughout the enti
44、re supply chain according to EN 15234-1. BS EN 15234-2:2012EN 15234-2:2012 (E) 8 5.3 Production requirements The methodology described below for quality assurance and quality control of the production shall be used, but shall be adjusted for the production requirements of the specific wood pellets p
45、roduction chain in question. There are six consecutive steps that have to be followed by every stakeholder in the supply chain. The steps are described below. For examples of documentation, see informative Annex A. Step 1: Define fuel requirements for the final product (see 5.4) Step 2: Document the
46、 steps in the production and distribution processes (see 5.5, Figures 2 and 3) Step 3: Identify quality influencing factors including company performance (see 5.5, Figures 2 and 3) Step 4: Define Critical Control Points for compliance with the fuel specification (see 5.5, Figures 2 and 3) Step 5: Se
47、lect appropriate measures to assure the quality of the product (see 5.6) Step 6: Establish routines of separate handling of nonconforming raw materials and solid biofuels (see 5.7) The following information will give a general overview about documenting the requirements for the production in a wood
48、pellets supply chain. 5.4 Fuel requirements for the final product (Step 1) Wood pellets for non-industrial use are produced according to EN 14961-2. NOTE The fuel specification is based on EN 14961-1:2010 general part, Table 4 in the case of individually made agreements. 5.5 Process description (Ste
49、ps 2,3 and 4) Examples of the process description with the corresponding quality influencing factors and critical control points (CCP) are given in Figure 2 and Figure 3. BS EN 15234-2:2012EN 15234-2:2012 (E) 9 Process description (step 2)(Production)Quality influencing factors (step 3)Critical control points(step 4)pretreatment of raw material2saw dust wood chipsstem woodstoringreceipt of raw materialstorage of raw material at produce
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