ImageVerifierCode 换一换
格式:PDF , 页数:20 ,大小:1.05MB ,
资源ID:573033      下载积分:10000 积分
快捷下载
登录下载
邮箱/手机:
温馨提示:
如需开发票,请勿充值!快捷下载时,用户名和密码都是您填写的邮箱或者手机号,方便查询和重复下载(系统自动生成)。
如填写123,账号就是123,密码也是123。
特别说明:
请自助下载,系统不会自动发送文件的哦; 如果您已付费,想二次下载,请登录后访问:我的下载记录
支付方式: 支付宝扫码支付 微信扫码支付   
注意:如需开发票,请勿充值!
验证码:   换一换

加入VIP,免费下载
 

温馨提示:由于个人手机设置不同,如果发现不能下载,请复制以下地址【http://www.mydoc123.com/d-573033.html】到电脑端继续下载(重复下载不扣费)。

已注册用户请登录:
账号:
密码:
验证码:   换一换
  忘记密码?
三方登录: 微信登录  

下载须知

1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。
2: 试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓。
3: 文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 本站仅提供交流平台,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

版权提示 | 免责声明

本文(BS EN 15234-4-2012 Solid biofuels Fuel quality assurance Wood chips for non-industrial use《固体生物燃料 燃料质量保证 非工业用的木刨花》.pdf)为本站会员(medalangle361)主动上传,麦多课文库仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。 若此文所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知麦多课文库(发送邮件至master@mydoc123.com或直接QQ联系客服),我们立即给予删除!

BS EN 15234-4-2012 Solid biofuels Fuel quality assurance Wood chips for non-industrial use《固体生物燃料 燃料质量保证 非工业用的木刨花》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 15234-4:2012Solid biofuels Fuel qualityassurancePart 4: Wood chips for non-industrial useBS EN 15234-4:2012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK

2、 implementation of EN 15234-4:2012.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/17, Solid biofuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisi

3、ons of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012ISBN 978 0 580 75036 6ICS 75.160.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy

4、 and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 15234-4:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15234-4 January 2012 ICS 75.160.10 English Version Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance - Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial us

5、e Biocombustibles solides - Assurance qualit du combustible - Partie 4: Plaquettes de bois usage non industriel Feste Biobrennstoffe - Qualittssicherung von Brennstoffen - Teil 4: Holzhackschnitzel fr nichtindustrielle VerwendungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 November 2011. CEN mem

6、bers are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on applicat

7、ion to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Manage

8、ment Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherla

9、nds, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploita

10、tion in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15234-4:2012: EBS EN 15234-4:2012EN 15234-4:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Symbols and abbreviations 65 Quality assurance and qua

11、lity control measures .65.1 General 65.2 Traceability .75.3 Production requirements 75.4 Fuel requirements for the final product (Step 1) 85.5 Process description (Steps 2, 3 and 4) 85.6 Measures to assure the quality of the product (Step 5) 105.6.1 Inspection of incoming raw material and other good

12、s . 105.6.2 Wood chips production 105.6.3 Distribution 105.7 Routines for separate handling of nonconforming raw materials and solid biofuels (Step 6) . 116 Product declaration of fuel quality and labelling 11Annex A (informative) Examples of product declarations 12Annex B (informative) A-deviations

13、 14Bibliography . 15BS EN 15234-4:2012EN 15234-4:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15234-4:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publi

14、cation of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall

15、not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. The European standard series EN 15234, Solid biofuels Fuel quality assurance are provided as a gener

16、al requirements and additional product standards. Additional product standards may extend this series over time. EN 15234 consists of the following parts, under the general title Solid biofuels Fuel quality assurance: Part 1: General requirements; Part 2: Wood pellets for non-industrial use; Part 3:

17、 Wood briquettes for non-industrial use; Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use; Part 5: Firewood for non-industrial use; Part 6: Non-woody pellets for non-industrial use. Although these product standards may be obtained separately, it should be recognized that they require an understanding of th

18、e standards based on and supporting EN 15234-1. It is recommended to obtain and use EN 15234-1 in conjunction with these standards. NOTE In these product standards, non-industrial use means - use in smaller scale appliances, such as in households, in small commercial and public sector buildings. Acc

19、ording to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, I

20、taly, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. BS EN 15234-4:2012EN 15234-4:2012 (E) 4 Introduction The overall aim of this European Standard is to guarantee the wood chips quality

21、 through the whole supply chain, from the origin and source to the delivery of the solid biofuel and provide adequate confidence that specified quality requirements are fulfilled. The objective of this European Standard is to serve as a tool to enable the efficient trading of wood chips. Thereby: 1)

22、 the end-user can find wood chips that corresponds to its needs; 2) the producer/supplier can produce wood chips with defined and consistent properties and describe the fuel to the customers. Quality assurance measures should establish confidence in the wood chips through systems that are simple to

23、operate and do not cause undue bureaucracy. Wood chips are specified according to EN 14961-4, Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use. BS EN 15234-4:2012EN 15234-4:2012 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard defines the procedures to fulfil the quality

24、requirements (quality control) and describes measures to ensure adequate confidence that the wood chips specification for non-industrial use as described in EN 14961-4 is fulfilled (quality assurance). This European Standard covers the raw material supply, production and delivery chain, from purchas

25、ing of raw materials to point of delivery to the end-user. This European standard covers only quality assurance for wood chips produced from the woody biomasses stated in EN 14961-1:2010, Table 1 and EN 14961-4. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the appl

26、ication of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14588:2010, Solid biofuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 14778, Solid biofuels Sampling EN 14961

27、-1:2010, Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 1: General requirements EN 14961-4:2011, Solid biofuels Fuel specifications and classes Part 4: Wood chips for non-industrial use EN 15234-1, Solid biofuels Fuel quality assurance Part 1: General requirements NOTE In EN 14961-1:2010 there

28、are listed Normative references of the European Standards for sampling and sample reduction and in EN 14961-4:2011 for determination of solid biofuel properties. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14588:2010 and the following apply. 3.1 w

29、ood chips chipped woody biomass in the form of pieces with a defined particle size produced by mechanical treatment with sharp tools such as knives NOTE 1 Wood chips have a rectangular shape with a typical length 5 to 50 mm and a low thickness compared to other dimensions. NOTE 2 See also cutter chi

30、ps, forest chips, green chips, stemwood chips, and whole-tree chips in EN 14588:2010. 3.2 chemical treatment treatment with chemicals other than air, water or heat NOTE Examples of chemical treatment are listed in informative Annex C of EN 14961-1:2010. 3.3 impurities material other than the raw mat

31、erial or fuel itself such as soil, stones, metal, plastic, glass BS EN 15234-4:2012EN 15234-4:2012 (E) 6 3.4 weather condition temperature, humidity and precipitation, e.g. rain, snow 4 Symbols and abbreviations The symbols and abbreviations used in this European Standard comply with the SI system o

32、f units as far as possible. d dry (dry basis) ar as received w-% weight-percentage A designation for ash content, Adw-%, dry basis1)BD designation for bulk density as received kg/m31)M designation for moisture content as received on wet basis, Marw-%1)P designation for particle size distribution as

33、received1)Q designation for net calorific value as received, qp,net,arMJ/kg or kWh/kg or MWh/t at constant pressure1)NOTE 1 MJ/kg equals 0,277 8 kWh/kg (1 kWh/kg equals 1 MWh/t and 1 MWh/t is 3,6 MJ/kg). 1 g/cm3equals 1 kg/dm3. 5 Quality assurance and quality control measures 5.1 General Quality ass

34、urance and control aim to provide confidence that a stable quality is continually achieved in accordance with the customer requirements. It means that specified requirements are fulfilled, but it does not necessarily mean a high quality but a steady and continually achieved quality in accordance wit

35、h the customers requirements. The customer is the next operator in the supply chain. Customer requirements include not only the fuel quality, but also the quality of the companys performance, such as documentation (product declaration, labelling of packaging, system for traceability, etc.), timing a

36、nd logistics (to provide biofuels in time and to agreed performances criteria). Fuel quality assurance needs to be applied to the entire supply chain. As the supply chains for solid biofuels in the most cases needs to be kept very simple, the same documents are often used for documentation of qualit

37、y assurance and quality control measures. NOTE When the customer is a supplier, a retailer or end user, the customer requirements are usually written in sales contracts. Quality control is fundamentally about controlling the quality of a product or process to enable the delivery of the product or se

38、rvice within agreed parameters in the most efficient and cost effective way. The consequences of having good quality control will be a cost effective product and process. 1) Designation symbols are used in combination with a number to specify property levels (see for example Table 1, EN 14961-4:2011

39、). For designation of chemical properties chemical symbols like S (sulphur), Cl (chlorine), N (nitrogen) are used and the value is added at the end of the symbol. BS EN 15234-4:2012EN 15234-4:2012 (E) 7 Quality assurance on the other hand, is about reviewing the products and processes, primarily thr

40、ough data provided from the quality control records and using this data: a) to provide confidence that products are produced within the required specification and processes are operated as they should be, and b) to assure that over a longer term either consistency is being maintained (stability in p

41、rocess results) or that quality improvements are making the intended impact. 5.2 Traceability Wood chips for non industrial use shall be specified with EN 14961-4. The origin and source of solid the biofuel is specified by Table 1 in EN 14961-1:2010. There are three parts in the supply chain, illust

42、rated in Figure 1. Figure 1 Simplified example of wood chips supply chain All operators in the supply chain are responsible for the traceability of the origin and source of the material delivered by them. The first operator is responsible for the documents being prepared the first time. The document

43、s shall be available and provided on justified request throughout the entire supply chain according to EN 15234-1. 5.3 Production requirements The methodology described below for quality assurance and quality control of the production shall be used, but shall be adjusted for the production requireme

44、nts of the specific wood chips production chain in question. There are six consecutive steps that have to be followed by every stakeholder in the supply chain. The steps are described below. For examples of documentation, see informative Annex A. Step 1: Define fuel requirements for the final produc

45、t (see 5.4) Step 2: Document the steps in the raw material supply, production and distribution processes (see 5.5, Figures 2) BS EN 15234-4:2012EN 15234-4:2012 (E) 8 Step 3: Identify quality influencing factors including company performance (see 5.5, Figure 2) Step 4: Define Critical Control Points

46、for compliance with the fuel specification (see 5.5, Figure 2) Step 5: Select appropriate measures to assure the quality of the product (see 5.6) Step 6: Establish routines of separate handling of nonconforming raw materials and solid biofuels (see 5.7) The following information will give a general

47、overview about documenting the requirements for the production in a wood chips supply chain. 5.4 Fuel requirements for the final product (Step 1) Wood chips for non-industrial use are produced according to EN 14961-4. NOTE The fuel specification is based on EN 14961-1:2010 General part, Table 5 in t

48、he case of individually made agreements. 5.5 Process description (Steps 2, 3 and 4) Example of the process description with the corresponding quality influencing factors and Critical Control Points are given in Figure 2. BS EN 15234-4:2012EN 15234-4:2012 (E) 9 Figure 2 Example for the description of

49、 the production process and the distribution chain with influencing factors and Critical Control Points BS EN 15234-4:2012EN 15234-4:2012 (E) 10 5.6 Measures to assure the quality of the product (Step 5) 5.6.1 Inspection of incoming raw material and other goods carry out visual or other sensory inspections of the delivered raw material, customers order of a certain specification and the suppliers acceptance of the order, contamination is checked

copyright@ 2008-2019 麦多课文库(www.mydoc123.com)网站版权所有
备案/许可证编号:苏ICP备17064731号-1