1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 15414-3:2011Solid recovered fuels Determination of moisturecontent using the oven drymethodPart 3: Moisture in general analysis sampleBS EN 15414-3:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNat
2、ional forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15414-3:2011.It supersedes DD CEN/TS 15414-3:2006 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/17, Solid biofuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtai
3、ned on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 68167 7ICS 75.160.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Br
4、itish Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 15414-3:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15414-3 March 2011 ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15414-3:2006E
5、nglish Version Solid recovered fuels - Determination of moisture content using the oven dry method - Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample Combustibles solides de rcupration - Dtermination de lhumidit par la mthode de schage ltuve - Humidit de lchantillon pour analyse gnrale Feste Sekundrbrenn
6、stoffe - Bestimmung des Wassergehaltes unter Verwendung des Verfahrens der Ofentrocknung - Teil 3: Wassergehalt in gewhnlichen Analysenproben This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 January 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the c
7、onditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard ex
8、ists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national s
9、tandards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland a
10、nd United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15414
11、-3:2011: EBS EN 15414-3:2011EN 15414-3:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions .44 Principle 45 Apparatus .46 Sample preparation .57 Procedure .58 Calculation 59 Precision .610 Test report 6Annex A (informative) Interlaboratory test results 7Biblio
12、graphy . 10BS EN 15414-3:2011EN 15414-3:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15414-3:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid recovered fuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publica
13、tion of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2011. This document supersedes CEN/TS 15414-3:2006. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be t
14、he subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. CEN/TS 15414/EN 15414 Solid recovered fuels De
15、termination of moisture content using the oven dry method consists of the following parts: Part 1: Determination of total moisture by a reference method Part 2: Determination of total moisture content by a simplified method Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample This document differs from CEN/T
16、S 15414-3:2006 mainly as follows: a) use of automatic equipments under specific conditions permitted; b) specification to observe a defined repeatability limit deleted; c) results of interlaboratory tests supplemented as an informative Annex A; d) whole document editorially revised. According to the
17、 CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
18、 Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. BS EN 15414-3:2011EN 15414-3:2011 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of moisture in an analysis sample by dryin
19、g the sample in an oven. This method is suitable for use for general analysis samples in accordance with CEN/TS 15414-1. It is applicable to all solid recovered fuels. NOTE 1 The term moisture content when used with recovered materials can be misleading since solid recovered materials e.g. biomass f
20、requently contain varying amounts of volatile compounds (extractives) which can evaporate when determining the moisture content of the general analyses sample by oven drying. NOTE 2 This European Standard is based on EN 14774-3. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispens
21、able for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15357:2011, Solid recovered fuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 15443, Solid re
22、covered fuels Methods for the preparation of the laboratory sample 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 15357:2011 apply. 4 Principle The analysis sample of recovered fuel is dried at a temperature of 105 C under air atmosphere, nitrogen at
23、mosphere or vacuum conditions. The percentage of moisture is calculated from the loss in mass of the test sample. If the sample material is susceptible to oxidation (at 105 C), drying in nitrogen atmosphere or vacuum conditions is performed. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Drying oven, capable of being controlled a
24、t (105 2) C (see declaration of the manufacturer) and in which the air atmosphere changes between three and five times per hour. The air velocity shall be such that the sample particles are not dislodged from their weighing dish (5.2). NOTE For the use of vacuum drying oven, see EN 14774-3. 5.2 Weig
25、hing dish, of glass or corrosion resistant and temperature resistant material, with a well-fitting lid and of such a size that the sample layer does not exceed 0,2 g/cm2. 5.3 Balance, with a sufficient accuracy to weigh the sample to the nearest 0,1 mg. 5.4 Dessicator, to avoid absorption of moistur
26、e from the atmosphere to the sample. BS EN 15414-3:2011EN 15414-3:2011 (E) 5 6 Sample preparation The sample used for the determination shall be the general analysis test sample with a particle size 1 mm prepared in accordance with EN 15443. Before commencing the determination, mix the analysis samp
27、le preferably by mechanical means. 7 Procedure A minimum of two determinations shall be carried out on the test sample. Dry an empty weighing dish (5.2) with its lid at (105 2) C until constant mass is reached and allow it to cool to room temperature in the dessicator (5.4). NOTE 1 Several weighing
28、dishes can be handled at the same time. Weigh the weighing dish (5.2) with its lid to the nearest 0,1 mg. Add minimum 1 g of the analysis sample into the weighing dish (5.2) in an even layer and weigh the weighing dish with its lid plus sample to the nearest 0,1 mg. Heat the uncovered weighing dish
29、(5.2) and its lid together with the sample at (105 2) C until constant mass is reached. Constancy in mass is defined as a change not exceeding 1 mg in mass during a further period of heating at (105 2) C over a period of 60 min. If the sample material is susceptible to oxidation at the given tempera
30、ture, dry in nitrogen atmosphere or under vacuum conditions (see EN 14774-3 for vacuum conditions). Report the drying atmosphere. NOTE 2 The drying time required is usually between 2 h to 3 h. WARNING For some materials present in solid recovered fuels there can be a risk of self-ignition when dryin
31、g at 105 C. Replace the lid while the weighing dish (5.2) is still in the drying oven (5.1). Transfer the weighing dish and its contents to the dessicator (5.4). Allow it to cool to room temperature. Weigh the weighing dish (5.2) and its lid with the sample to the nearest 0,1 mg. Since small particl
32、e size recovered fuels are very hygroscopic, weigh rapidly once the sample is cooled. NOTE 3 Since recovered fuels in small particle size are very hygroscopic, their moisture content will vary with change of humidity of the atmosphere and therefore, the moisture of the analyses sample should always
33、be determined simultaneously when portions are weighed out for other analytical determinations, for example, calorific value, carbon, nitrogen. Automatic equipments may be used if the method is validated by parallel measurements. These automatic equipments shall fulfil all the requirements regarding
34、 sample size, heating procedure, temperature, atmosphere and weighing accuracy. Deviations from this paragraph shall be reported and justified. 8 Calculation For each determination, the moisture content, Mad, in the analysis sample, as analysed, expressed as mass fraction in percent, shall be calcul
35、ated using Equation (1): 100)()(1232ad=mmmmM (1) BS EN 15414-3:2011EN 15414-3:2011 (E) 6 where m1is the mass of the empty weighing dish (5.2) plus lid, in grams; m2is the mass of the weighing dish (5.2) plus lid plus sample before drying, in grams; m3is the mass of the weighing dish (5.2) plus lid p
36、lus sample after drying, in grams. The test result for each individual determination shall be calculated on analysed basis to two decimal places and for reporting purposes, the mean value of the individual test results shall be calculated and rounded to the nearest 0,1 %. 9 Precision 9.1 Repeatabili
37、ty The maximum difference to be expected between two independent single test results of one laboratory at a confidence level of 95 % will not exceed the repeatability limit in more than 5 % of cases when measuring the same measurand in the same medium, using the same facilities and fulfilling all re
38、quirements of the test method (interlaboratory testing). Precision data derived from the interlaboratory test are given in Annex A. 9.2 Reproducibility The maximum difference to be expected between two independent single test results of different laboratories at a confidence level of 95 % will not e
39、xceed the reproducibility limit in more than 5 % of cases when measuring the same measurand in the same medium, each laboratory using their own facilities and fulfilling all requirements of the test method (interlaboratory testing). Precision data derived from the interlaboratory test are given in A
40、nnex A. 10 Test report The test report shall include at least the following information: a) identification of the laboratory and the testing date; b) identification of the product or sample tested; c) a reference to this document, i.e. EN 15414-3; d) any deviation from this document; e) drying atmos
41、phere used; f) test results on wet basis as specified in Clause 8; g) any unusual features observed during the test procedure which may have affected the test result. BS EN 15414-3:2011EN 15414-3:2011 (E) 7 Annex A (informative) Interlaboratory test results The statistic evaluation of the interlabor
42、atory test results was carried out in accordance with ISO 5725-5. The precision data obtained are shown in Table A.1. Table A.1 Precision data Designation Shreddedtyre Demolition wood Dried sludge Municipal waste Plastic/paper fluff Number of laboratories participated 14 14 14 14 14 Total number of
43、values (without outliers) 50 50 50 52 50 Mean value, in % mass fraction 2,48 11,79 2,13 5,96 6,49 Laboratory effect, in % mass fraction 0,11 0,43 0,45 0,18 Sample effect, in % mass fraction 0,47 0,14 0,16 0,25 Repeatability standard deviation, sr, in % mass fraction 0,19 0,29 0,08 0,14 0,14 Repeatab
44、ility limit, r: (r = 2,8 sr) in % mass fraction 0,53 0,81 0,22 0,39 0,39 Reproducibility standard deviation, sRin % mass fraction 0,22 0,29 0,44 0,47 0,23 Reproducibility limit, R: (R = 2,8 sR) in % mass fraction 0,62 0,81 1,23 1,32 0,64 The deviations of the test results between the individual labo
45、ratories for each sample type are shown in Figures A.1 a) to A.1 e). BS EN 15414-3:2011EN 15414-3:2011 (E) 8 a) Shredded tyre b) Demolition wood c) Dried sludge d) Municipal waste BS EN 15414-3:2011EN 15414-3:2011 (E) 9 e) Plastic and paper fluffs Key Madmass fraction of moisture in % N number of th
46、e individual laboratory Figure A.1 Deviations of the test results between the individual laboratories BS EN 15414-3:2011EN 15414-3:2011 (E) 10 Bibliography 1 Horwitz, W.: Moisture (loss of drying) in Roasted Coffee, AOAC Official Method 979.12, Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International 2000
47、, 17thEdition, Volume II, ISBN: 0-935584-67-6 2 EN 14774-3, Solid biofuels Determination of moisture content Oven dry method Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample 3 ISO 5725-5, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 5: Alternative methods for the determinatio
48、n of the precision of a standard measurement method This page deliberately left blankBSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standardsand other standards-related publications, information and services. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the internati
49、onal level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter.British Standards Institution (BSI)raising standards worldwideBSI Group Headquarters389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL UKTel +44 (0)20 8996 9001Fax +44 (0)20 8996 Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Stan-dards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions.It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of o
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