BS EN 15433-2-2007 Transportation loads - Measurement and evaluation of dynamic mechanical loads - Part 2 Data acquisition and general nrequirements for measuring equipment《运输载荷 动力.pdf

1、Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 28/04/2008 03:09, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIg49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58m

2、echanical loads Part 2: Data acquisition and general requirements for measuring equipmentICS 43.160; 55.180.01Transportation loads Measurement and evaluation of dynamic BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 15433-2:2007BS EN 15433-2:2007Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 28/04/2008 03:09, Uncont

3、rolled Copy, (c) BSIThis British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 56270 9Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsCompliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal

4、obligations.National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15433-2:2007.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PKW/0, Packaging.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publicat

5、ion does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 15433-2December 2007ICS 43.160; 01.040.43English VersionTransportation loads - Measurement and evaluation of dynamicmechanic

6、al loads - Part 2: Data acquisition and generalrequirements for measuring equipmentCharges de transport - Mesurage et analyse des chargesmcaniques dynamiques - Partie 2 : Acquisition desdonnes et exigences gnrales pour lquipement demesureTransportbelastungen - Messen und Auswerten vonmechanisch-dyna

7、mischen Belastungen - Teil 2:Datenerfassung und allgemeine Anforderungen anMesseinrichtungenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 October 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the stat

8、us of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A v

9、ersion in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, De

10、nmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATI

11、ONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15433-2:2007: ELicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 28/04/2008 03:09, Uncon

12、trolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 15433-2:2007 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword. 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms and definitions. 5 4 Measurement of dynamic mechanical transportation loads 5 Annex A (normative) Road transport (blank measuring report ). 9 Annex B (normative) In-plant

13、transportation (measurement on the transportation means) blank measuring report . 20 Annex C (normative) Storage, handling and in-plant transportation blank measuring report 29 Annex D (normative) Rail transportation (blank measuring report) 40 Annex E (normative) Sea transportation (blank measuring

14、 report) 51 Annex F (normative) Combined transportation. 58 Bibliography . 60 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 28/04/2008 03:09, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 15433-2:2007 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15433-2:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 261 “Packagi

15、ng”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2008. Attenti

16、on is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following cou

17、ntries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sp

18、ain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 28/04/2008 03:09, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 15433-2:2007 (E) 4 Introduction This standard was originally prepared by working group NAVp-1.4, Requirements and Testing, of the German Standardizat

19、ion Institute (DIN). It is part of a complete normative concept to acquire and describe the loads acting on goods and influencing them during transport, handling and storage. This standard becomes significant when related to the realisation of the European Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste

20、(Directive 94/62 EC, 20 December 1994). This directive specifies requirements on the avoidance or reduction of packaging waste, and requires that the amount of packaging material is adjusted to the expected transportation load, in order to protect the transportation item adequately. However, this pr

21、esumes some knowledge of the transportation loads occurring during shipment. At present, basic standards, based on scientifically confirmed values, which can adequately describe and characterize the magnitudes of transportation loads, especially in the domain of dynamic mechanical loads do not exist

22、 nationally or internationally. Reasons for this are mainly the absence of published data, insufficient description of the measurements or restrictions on the dissemination of this information. This standard will enable the measurement and evaluation of dynamic mechanical transportation loads, thus

23、enabling the achievement of standardized and adequately documented load values. This series of standards consists of the following parts: Part 1: General requirements Part 2: Data acquisition and general requirements for measuring equipment Part 3: Data validity check and data editing for evaluation

24、 Part 4: Data evaluation Part 5: Derivation of test specifications Part 6: Automatic recording systems for measuring randomly occurring shock during monitoring of transports. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 28/04/2008 03:09, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 15433-2:2007 (E) 5 1 Sc

25、ope This standard specifies requirements for the preparation, performance and documentation of transportation measurements. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For unda

26、ted references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15433-3, Transportation loads Measurement and evaluation of dynamic-mechanical loads Part 3: Data validity check and data editing for evaluation EN 15433-4, Transportation loads Measurement and evalu

27、ation of dynamic-mechanical loads Part 4: Data evaluation ISO 8002, Mechanical vibrations Land vehicles Method for reporting measured data 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 data acquisition acquisition of raw data by measuring t

28、he load-time function with the aid of a measuring device 3.2 measuring equipment measuring chain consisting of at least a sensor, signal conditioner, data recorder and data-storing device 3.3 source data time function of a viewed stress amplitude, e.g. acceleration, acquired with a measuring device,

29、 but without analysing same, e.g. by frequency analysis 3.4 measuring report documentation covering the particularities gained during the acquisition of raw data 4 Measurement of dynamic mechanical transportation loads 4.1 General Measurements shall be performed independently of the transported item

30、 and performed at the site where the load is inserted into the cargo, i.e. as a rule on the cargo platform of the various transportation vehicles. NOTE Exceptions are measurements during storage, handling, and in-plant transportation (see Annex C). 4.2 Fundamental requirements Dynamic mechanical loa

31、ds shall whenever possible be acquired and recorded in an unbiased form as source data, i.e. without immediate processing, such as frequency analysis. An immediate Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 28/04/2008 03:09, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 15433-2:2007 (E) 6 processing duri

32、ng the measurement is only permissible when the source data is stored together with the measurement in a separate storage device in such a manner that it is left accessible for further examinations, and if necessary for different processing procedures. NOTE 1 Due to various reasons, experience shows

33、 that the acquisition and data analysis of dynamic data can easily be subject to error. As a rule, errors in the analysis can be corrected by reanalysis, whereas errors occurring during data acquisition often demand a costly repetition of the measurements. Separate storage of the raw data ensures th

34、at analysis errors or any other analysis procedures do not necessarily require new test drives. The selection of measuring systems and their specific parameters, e.g. frequency range, shall be done in such a way that the acquired raw data can be analysed universally and reused at any other time. A d

35、eliberate limitation of the measurement to a smaller measuring range than one that is possible with a justifiable technical effort can lead to faulty analysis and conclusions, and therefore shall be avoided. The measuring system shall comply with the technical state of the art, the relevant specific

36、ations and technical rules, e.g. relating to calibration, and shall correspond with the aims of the measuring task. The engineering personnel performing the measurements shall have the necessary knowledge to perform the measurements appropriately and plan and perform the measuring task carefully. Al

37、l significant circumstances and technical parameters of the measurement are to be recorded in a measuring report (see 4.4). Deviations from this measuring report shall be justified. NOTE 2 Occasionally, after measurements have been performed, it is necessary to retrace the conditions that occurred d

38、uring the data acquisition. Only a complete description of the measuring process, as required by the measuring report, enables the inspection and interpretation of the measurement. Otherwise, the measured data can become invalid. Also, apparently unimportant information, (e.g. a detailed description

39、 of the vehicle type) used for the measurement can be of great importance for later interpretation of the measured data values. 4.3 Preparation of the measurement During the planning stage of the measurement, various aspects shall be considered, in particular the: intended utilisation of the data; s

40、election of the sensors and their number; frequency and amplitude range of the measuring chain; number of measuring points, their spatial distribution and their axes of measurement; definition of the extent of this measurement, including the selection of the transportation routes and the required te

41、st time; consideration and estimation of possible error sources. NOTE In order to reduce expensive and time-consuming test drives to a minimum, careful planning of the measurements is necessary. Here one especially has to take into account the ratio between cost and profit, and to compare the total

42、costs of a measuring program with the possible costs that an insufficient data acquisition can cause. Data validation and editing, as well as analysis of the measured data, shall be performed according to EN 15433-3 and EN 15433-4, and the presentation of the analysed data shall comply with ISO 8002

43、. 4.4 Measurement The measuring report for each transportation category is defined in a corresponding annex, as follows: Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 28/04/2008 03:09, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 15433-2:2007 (E) 7 road transportation (Annex A); in-plant transportation; me

44、asurements on the transportation means (Annex B); storage, handling and in-plant transportation; measurements in/on the packed item (Annex C); rail transportation (Annex D); sea transportation (Annex E); combined transportation (Annex F). 4.5 Measuring report 4.5.1 General The measuring report shall

45、 be set up in the form of a questionnaire in order to achieve uninterrupted, uniform and comparable data. The required statements are explained in 4.5.2 to 4.5.7. 4.5.2 Scope of measuring report The measuring report shall describe the means of transportation for which the data is being required (see

46、 e.g. A.1). 4.5.3 General information The name and address of the institution performing the measurements shall be mentioned, as well as the name of the responsible test manager and any further persons attending the measurements. A summary of the test route, as well as the possible duration of the m

47、easurement, shall also be given (see e.g. A.2). NOTE The designation of persons present during the test can be helpful for subsequent procedures. 4.5.4 Data transportation means The data transportation means section shall contain a technical description of the transportation means and its actual con

48、dition. These data contain information concerning the goods being transported, load factor, location of load gravity centre and method of restraint (see e.g. A.3). NOTE Experience shows that analyses can become useless due to missing information on transportation means. This can lead to a repetition

49、 of the test drive, thereby causing considerable additional costs. 4.5.5 Measuring points and measuring chain A detailed description of the location of the measuring points on the transportation means shall be given, as well as the measuring chain used (see e.g. A.4). NOTE When acquiring data on various means of transportation, numerous parameters need to be considered. Correspondingly, suitable sensors, amplifiers and filters should be selected for the specific measuring task. A complete listing of technical data of the ins