1、BS EN 15610:2009 ICS 17.140.30; 93.100 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW BRITISH STANDARD Railway applications Noise emission Rail roughness measurement related to rolling noise generationThis British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Po
2、licy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2009. BSI 2009 ISBN 978 0 580 57984 4 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Comments BS EN 15610:2009 National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15610:2009. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Techn
3、ical Committee EH/1/2, Transport noise. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a Bri
4、tish Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.BS EN 15610:2009EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15610 May 2009 ICS 17.140.30; 93.100 English Version Railway applications - Noise emission - Rail roughness measurement related to rolling noise generation Applications fe
5、rroviaires - Bruit lmission - Mesurage de la rugosit des rails relative la gnration du bruit de roulement Bahnanwendungen - Geruschemission - Messung der Schienenrauheit im Hinblick auf die Entstehung von Rollgerusch This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 April 2009. CEN members are bound
6、to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN
7、Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status
8、 as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
9、Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved world
10、wide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15610:2009: EBS EN 15610:2009 EN 15610:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Symbols 8 5 Measuring system requirements 8 5.1 General 8 5.2 Accuracy of the output signal 8 5.3 Dimensions of the pr
11、obe .8 5.4 Tracking of the probe 9 5.5 Sampling interval .9 5.6 Record length .9 6 Data acquisition .9 6.1 General 9 6.2 Test section requirements 9 6.2.1 Track structure .9 6.2.2 Localized geometric features .9 6.3 Reference surface choice .9 6.4 Data sampling . 11 6.4.1 General . 11 6.4.2 Longitud
12、inal sampling . 11 6.4.3 Lateral sampling . 11 6.5 Preparation of the rail head surface . 12 6.6 Acoustic roughness acquisition . 12 7 Data processing 12 7.1 Principle . 12 7.2 Spike removal technique . 12 7.3 Curvature processing . 13 7.4 Spectral analysis. 14 7.4.1 Method A: Fourier analysis 14 7.
13、4.2 Method B: digital filtering 15 7.5 Procedure for extending the wavelength range 15 7.6 Averaging process 15 8 Acceptance criteria . 15 9 Presentation of the data . 15 10 Report 16 Annex A (informative) Examples of rail defects 17 Annex B (informative) Example of program code to implement acousti
14、c roughness processing 19 B.1 Purpose 19 B.2 Conditions of use 19 B.3 List of Matlab program files . 19 B.4 Input data file requirements . 19 B.5 Processing options. 20 B.6 Spectral analysis. 20 B.7 1/3 octave reporting 20 B.8 Output 20 BS EN 15610:2009 EN 15610:2009 (E) 3 B.9 Listing . 21 B.9.1 fil
15、e RoughProcess.m . 21 B.9.2 21 B.9.3 file ruw_curve_rp.m . 27 B.9.4 file noct_rp.m . 28 Annex C (normative) Algorithm used to synthesize a one-third octave band spectrum from a corresponding narrow band spectrum . 31 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essentia
16、l Requirements of EU Directive EU 2008/57/EC . 32 Bibliography 34 BS EN 15610:2009 EN 15610:2009 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 15610:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the
17、 status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be
18、the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Dir
19、ectives 2001/16/EC, 96/48/EC and 2008/57/EC. For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this Eur
20、opean Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the Unite
21、d Kingdom. BS EN 15610:2009 EN 15610:2009 (E) 5 1 Scope 1.1 This European Standard specifies a direct method for characterizing the surface roughness of the rail associated with rolling noise (“acoustic roughness“), in the form of a one-third octave band spectrum. This standard describes a method fo
22、r: a) selecting measuring positions; b) data acquisition; c) measurement data processing in order to estimate a set of one-third octave band roughness spectra; d) presentation of this estimate for comparison with limits of acoustic roughness; e) comparison with a given upper limit in terms of a one-
23、third octave band wavelength spectrum. 1.2 It is applicable to the: a) performance testing of reference track sections for the measurement, within a period of three months before or after roughness characterization, of noise emitted by railway vehicles for acceptance testing purposes; b) acceptance
24、of the rail surface condition only in the case where the result of the direct measurement of the acoustic roughness is regarded as an established acceptance criterion. 1.3 It is not applicable to the: a) measurement of rail roughness using an indirect method; b) measurement of combined wheel-rail ro
25、ughness; c) analysis of the effect of wheel-rail interaction, such as a “contact filter”; d) approval of rail reprofiling, including rail grinding operations, except for those where the acoustic roughness (and not the level of corrugation) is an established approval criterion; e) characterization of
26、 track geometry. Testing and approval of measuring apparatus are not part of the scope of this standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the
27、 latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 61260, Electroacoustics Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters (IEC 61260:1995) EN ISO 266, Acoustics Preferred frequencies (ISO 266:1997) BS EN 15610:2009 EN 15610:2009 (E) 6 3 Terms and definitions For the pu
28、rposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 acoustic roughness r(x) variation in the height of the rail running surface associated with rolling noise excitation expressed as a function of distance x along the rail 3.2 acoustic roughness spectrum ) ( r amplitude of the aco
29、ustic roughness expressed as a function of the wavelength 3.3 acoustic roughness level L rlevel expressed in decibels, given by the following equation: = 2 0 2 r r log 10 RMS r L (1) where: L ris the acoustic roughness level in dB, r RMSis the root mean square roughness in m, r 0is the reference rou
30、ghness; r 0= 1 m. NOTE This definition applies to values measured either in the form of a wavelength spectrum, or for a specific wavelength band. 3.4 corrugation periodic wear pattern of the rail running surface 3.5 direct roughness measurement method refers to an acoustic roughness measurement meth
31、od for which the transducer has to be applied directly to the rail surface so that the rail roughness is measured independently of the wheel running surface roughness and independently of any effect of wheel-rail interaction 3.6 indirect roughness measurement method refers to an acoustic roughness m
32、easurement method that measures a quantity that is the result of wheel-rail interaction, such as noise, rail or axle box vibration, whereby the original excitation by the combined wheel and rail roughness is inferred 3.7 test section specific section of track associated with a particular set of meas
33、urements BS EN 15610:2009 EN 15610:2009 (E) 7 3.8 running band bright surface of the rail head that contains all the running positions of the wheel-rail contact, associated with current traffic 3.9 reference surface surface of the rail head, within the running band, that is chosen for the acoustic r
34、oughness assessment 3.10 reference length dimension of the reference surface in the longitudinal rail direction 3.11 reference width w refdimension of the reference surface across the rail Figure 1 shows an example of some of the defined terms: Key running band reference surface partially conditione
35、d surface Figure 1 Example showing defined parameters BS EN 15610:2009 EN 15610:2009 (E) 8 4 Symbols C(x): circular curve of radius 0.375 m used for the acoustic roughness processing; d ref : position, relative to the outer surface of the rail head, of the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the refere
36、nce surface; h: height of a spike; L r : acoustic roughness level; r(x): acoustic roughness function; r(x): acoustic roughness function processed with the spike removal and curvature algorithm; w: width of a spike; w ref : width of the reference surface; x: variable of the distance along the rail; x
37、 i : particular position along the rail; z: mean value of height over a given interval; ) ( r : discrete Fourier Transform of r(x); : wavelength. 5 Measuring system requirements 5.1 General Regardless of the fact that this European Standard does not specify any measuring system evaluation or approva
38、l, the requirements of the measuring system are defined. This is done solely in terms of output data and parameters relevant to the output data. The following measuring system requirements apply. 5.2 Accuracy of the output signal The measuring system shall be capable of making valid measurements in
39、the wavelength range and at the relevant acoustic roughness levels for the test site being characterized. However, where it is required simply to show that the estimated acoustic roughness does not exceed a given upper limit, the measuring system shall effect valid measurements for one-third octave
40、band acoustic roughness levels equal to or greater than this limit. This case applies particularly for test section approval. 5.3 Dimensions of the probe If a contact probe is used, the probe tip shall be spherical and its radius shall not exceed 7 mm. In the case of a non-contacting sensor, its eff
41、ective width shall be less than the sampling interval. BS EN 15610:2009 EN 15610:2009 (E) 9 5.4 Tracking of the probe The measuring system probe shall follow a line on the rail head parallel to the field (outer) face of the rail head, with a tolerance of 1 mm. 5.5 Sampling interval The measuring sys
42、tem shall provide data with a sampling interval less than or equal to 1 mm. 5.6 Record length The system shall provide records of length 1 m. 6 Data acquisition 6.1 General The aim of the data acquisition procedure is to obtain digitized records of the acoustic roughness of the two rails in the test
43、 section measured at a sufficiently high sampling rate per unit of length of rail, and with a record length sufficient to derive from it the acoustic roughness spectrum. Record lengths of at least 1 m are required to estimate the acoustic roughness spectrum covering the wavelength range up to the 0,
44、25 m one-third octave band. NOTE To attain wavelengths greater than 0,25 m, records longer than those specified in this subclause should be obtained. 6.2 Test section requirements 6.2.1 Track structure The track structure shall be constant along the test section, at least in terms of the following p
45、arameters: rail cross-section, rail inclination and rail supporting structure. In the case of a ballasted track, the rail supporting structure parameters are: the rail pad type, the rail fasteners, the sleeper type, the sleeper spacing and the ballast. NOTE If the track structure changes, separate t
46、est sections should be defined and the acoustic roughness of each should be assessed and presented. 6.2.2 Localized geometric features From the strict point of view of acoustic roughness data acquisition, there is no specific requirement for the test section. However, the rail along the test section
47、 may contain localized geometrical features (e.g.: rail defects, wheel burns, etc.), that should not be included in the assessment of the acoustic roughness related to the generation of rolling noise. NOTE The localized rail defects are not significant in the assessment of the acoustic roughness rel
48、ated to the rolling noise component. 6.3 Reference surface choice 6.3.1 General The acoustic roughness of the test section shall be assessed over a reference surface. The reference surface is specified, inside the running band, as follows: BS EN 15610:2009 EN 15610:2009 (E) 10 a) length along the ra
49、il; b) transverse width w ref , c) relative distance d refto the field face of the rail. 6.3.2 Cases It is the responsibility of the measurement team to define the length, width and position of the reference surface of the two rails and to justify its decision. Where the acoustic rail roughness measurement is required for rolling stock type acceptance testing, any of the three following cases for that justification shall be used: a) Case 1: the running band on the rail head is clear v
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