1、BS EN 15708:2009ICS 13.060.70NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDWater quality Guidance standardfor the surveying,sampling andlaboratory analysisof phytobenthos inshallow running waterLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 13/05/2010
2、03:12, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIThis British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31January 2010 BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 66673 5Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN 15708:2009National forewordThis British Standard is
3、 the UK implementation of EN 15708:2009. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/3/5, Biological Methods.A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the ne
4、cessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 13/05/2010 03:12, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 15708:2009EUROPEAN STANDARD NOR
5、ME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15708 November 2009 ICS 13.060.70 English Version Water quality - Guidance standard for the surveying, sampling and laboratory analysis of phytobenthos in shallow running waterQualit de leau - Guide pour ltude, lchantillonnage et lanalyse en laboratoire du phytobentho
6、s dans les cours deau peu profonds Wasserbeschaffenheit - Anleitung zur Beobachtung, Probenahme und Laboranalyse von Phytobenthos in flachen Fliegewssern This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 October 2009. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which sti
7、pulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standar
8、d exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national stand
9、ards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kin
10、gdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15708:2009: ELicen
11、sed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 13/05/2010 03:12, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 15708:2009EN 15708:2009 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative references 53 Terms and definitions .54 Principle 85 Reagents .86 Equipment 87 Survey and sampling strategy .
12、108 Survey and sampling procedures . 129 Identification and basic quantification of organisms . 1710 Data processing and interpretation 1811 Quality assurance . 19Annex A (informative) Worked example of computation of final abundance estimates for a MHS from an upland stream in NE England . 20Biblio
13、graphy . 21Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 13/05/2010 03:12, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 15708:2009EN 15708:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 15708:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This
14、 European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elemen
15、ts of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this Euro
16、pean Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United
17、 Kingdom. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 13/05/2010 03:12, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 15708:2009EN 15708:2009 (E) 4 Introduction WARNING Working in or around water is inherently dangerous. Persons using this European Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory pra
18、ctice. Long periods of analysis at the microscope can cause physical fatigue and affect eyesight. Attention should be given to the ergonomics of the microscope and advice from a health and safety practitioner should be sought to ensure that risks are minimized. The use of chemical products mentioned
19、 in this standard can be hazardous and users should follow guidelines provided by the manufacturers and take necessary specialist advice. This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate health and sa
20、fety practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions. The phytobenthos is an important component of aquatic ecosystems and an understanding of the composition of the phytobenthos present in a waterbody can provide useful information on the status of that waterbody, and on
21、appropriate management strategies. The Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) 3 requires monitoring of the phytobenthos as a quality element used for ecological status assessment, and phytobenthos assessments have also been used in monitoring programmes associated with other European Directives (e.g
22、. Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive, Habitats Directive) and with national legislation (e.g. NORM M6231). This guidance standard specifically relates to the sampling of phytobenthos (other than aquatic macrophytes) in running water. An etymologically-correct application of the term “phytobenthos”
23、 would cover all phototrophic organisms; however, this encompasses a vast range of organisms, from microscopic unicells to macrophytes 2 m in length. As separate survey methods for aquatic macrophytes are available (EN 14184), this document focuses on phototrophic algae and oxygenic cyanobacteria th
24、at live on substrata. Bryophytes are common in shallow running waters and competitive interactions between these and larger algae are common. Similarly, aquatic macrophyte species may, themselves, act as substrata or competitors for algae and cyanobacteria. For these reasons, the standard provides o
25、ptions for including these taxa in survey and sampling procedures. The term “periphyton” is sometimes used instead of “phytobenthos”; however, some definitions of “periphyton” include heterotrophic organisms that live attached to substrata (protozoa, sponges, hydroides). Methods described here deal
26、only with photosynthetic organisms but they could, if required, be adapated to encompass heterotrophic organisms too. Methods using phytobenthos to assess water quality in running water have been developed in several European countries 6, 8, 9, 10 and in the USA 2. Recent work is summarised in the p
27、roceedings of four symposia 1, 7, 11, 12. Methods for the sampling and analysis of one group of phytobenthos, the diatoms, have already been the subject of harmonisation (EN 13946, EN 14407). However, these standards are concerned with only a single group of the phytobenthos and there are situations
28、 where other phototrophs are more obvious and can contribute additional ecological information. According to the precise usage to which this standard is to be put it is essential for specifiers and users to mutually agree on any necessary variations or optional procedural details prior to use. Licen
29、sed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 13/05/2010 03:12, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 15708:2009EN 15708:2009 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard provides guidelines for the survey/sampling, identification and basic quantification of phytobenthos (other than macrophytes) in running wa
30、ters. It is applicable to rivers where benthic algae and bryophytes are the main phototrophs. This method encompasses all phytobenthic growth forms and enables biological responses to environmental events over one or more years to be monitored. In this respect it provides an alternative to methods b
31、ased on benthic diatoms (EN 13946; EN 14407) and macrophytes (EN 14184). Data obtained for the phytobenthos growth forms are suitable for pilot surveys, water quality assessment and trend monitoring. This European Standard encompasses all aspects from the design of survey and sampling programmes to
32、the identification and basic quantification of the phytobenthos. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced docume
33、nt (including any amendments) applies. EN 13946, Water quality Guidance standard for the routine sampling and pretreatment of benthic diatoms from rivers EN 14407, Water quality Guidance standard for the identification, enumeration and interpretation of benthic diatom samples from running waters EN
34、15204, Water quality Guidance standard on the enumeration of phytoplankton using inverted microscopy (Utermhl technique) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 aquatic macrophytes larger plants of fresh water which are easily seen wi
35、th the naked eye, including all aquatic vascular plants, bryophytes, stoneworts (Characeae) and macro-algal growths EN 14184:2003, 3.1 3.2 assemblage organisms that share a sampling area NOTE This term is preferred to “community”, as the latter implies a level of ecological integration of the organi
36、sms; whereas sampling may inadvertently combine representatives from more than one true “community” that are not distinct to the naked eye. 3.3 belt transect defined band across a river or stream at right angles to the bank NOTE This may be virtual or physically delineated within which the aquatic v
37、egetation is analysed (species composition, abundance, cover). EN 14184:2003, 3.4 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 13/05/2010 03:12, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 15708:2009EN 15708:2009 (E) 6 3.4 benthic alga alga or oxygenic cyanobacterium living attached to a substratum (r
38、ather than suspended in the water column) 3.5 biofilm mucilagineous polysaccharide matrix on submerged stable surfaces consisting of photo(auto)trophic and heterotrophic organisms 3.6 boulder mineral substratum with a diameter 256 mm EN 13946:2003, 3.3 3.7 bryophyte collective term for liverworts an
39、d mosses plants which are often abundant on boulders and bedrock of fast flowing streams 3.8 cobble mineral substratum with a diameter 64 mm and 256 mm EN 13946:2003, 3.4 3.9 degree of cover percent of substratum at the sampling site covered (by the organism) 3.10 epilithic alga alga living attached
40、 to or in close association with a stony substratum 3.11 epiphytic alga alga living attached to or in close association with macrophytes or other algae 3.12 epipelic alga alga that lives in or on fine sediments 3.13 epipsammic alga alga that lives attached to or in close association with sand 3.14 h
41、abitat specific environment in which a species lives EN 15460:2007, 3.5 3.15 macroscopic benthic alga multicellular alga or an aggregation (units/groupings) of unicellular algae living attached to substrata that is visible to the naked eye Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 13/05
42、/2010 03:12, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 15708:2009EN 15708:2009 (E) 7 3.16 nuisance biomass accumulations of benthic algae that are a nuisance to users of the watercourse and/or that detrimentally affect its ecology 3.17 periphyton group of organisms (principally algae, but also including fungi
43、, bacteria and protozoa) living on or in close contact with surfaces in aquatic environments NOTE 1 Bryophytes have an intermediate position. They are often regarded as a component of the aquatic macrophytes, particularly in slow flowing rivers where aquatic macrophytes are common. NOTE 2 The term “
44、periphyton” is often used as a synonym for benthic algae in recent literature. 3.18 phototroph organism whose main source of carbon is obtained through photosynthesis NOTE For the purpose of this document, facultative phototrophs such as many Euglenophyta are included within this definition. 3.19 ph
45、ytobenthos all phototrophic algae and oxygenic cyanobacteria living on or in close contact with surfaces in aquatic environments NOTE This term is virtually synonymous with the term “periphyton“, although some people also include heterotrophic organisms in definitions of the latter. 3.20 reach lengt
46、h of a watercourse forming a major sub-division of a river basin and defined by physical, chemical or hydrological characteristics (or any combination of these) that distinguishes it from the watercourse upstream and downstream NOTE The boundaries between reaches mark the principal points of transit
47、ion where the overall character of the watercourse changes. EN ISO 8689-2:2000, 3.1 3.21 reference conditions conditions reflecting a totally undisturbed state, or one with only very slight human impacts, or near-natural with only minor evidence of distortion 3.22 riffle fast-flowing shallow water w
48、ith distinctly broken or disturbed surface over gravel/pebble or cobble substratum EN 14614:2004, 2.28 3.23 survey unit length of river from which data are collected during field survey; this may be a fixed length (e.g. 10 m) or variable, according to the methods used, but must always be defined and
49、 recorded Adapted from EN 14614:2004, 2.38 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 13/05/2010 03:12, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 15708:2009EN 15708:2009 (E) 8 3.24 taxon group of organisms related at a particular taxonomic level EN 14996:2006, 3.20 NOTE Plural is “taxa“. 4 Principle Phototrophs associated with submerged surfaces in running water are surveyed and/or sampled. Specimens of those taxa that cannot be identified in the field are taken back
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