BS EN 15875-2011 Characterization of waste Static test for determination of acid potential and neutralisation potential of sulfidic waste《废弃物特征 硫磺酸废物中和势能产酸能力测定静态试验》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 15875:2011Characterization of waste Static test for determinationof acid potential andneutralisation potential ofsulfidic wasteCopyright European Committee for Standardizat

2、ion Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15875:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15875:2011.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Tech

3、nicalCommittee B/508/3, Characterization of waste.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Sta

4、ndards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 64440 5ICS 13.030.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2012.Ame

5、ndments issued since publicationDate Text affectedCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15875:2011EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15875 Octob

6、er 2011 ICS 13.030.10 English Version Characterization of waste - Static test for determination of acid potential and neutralisation potential of sulfidic waste Caractrisation des dchets - Essai statique pour la dtermination du potentiel de gnration dacide et du potentiel de neutralisation des dchet

7、s sulfurs Charakterisierung von Abfllen - Statische Prfung zur Bestimmung des Surebildungspotenzials und des Neutralisationspotenzials von sulfidhaltigen Abfllen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 September 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

8、 which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. Thi

9、s European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN memb

10、ers are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,

11、 Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Memb

12、ers. Ref. No. EN 15875:2011: ECopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15875:2011EN 15875:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 52 Normative refe

13、rences 53 Terms and definitions .54 Symbols and abbreviations 65 Principle 76 Reagents and laboratory devices 76.1 Reagents .76.2 Laboratory devices 77 Sampling and sample preparation .77.1 Laboratory sample .77.2 Test sample 87.3 Determination of dry residue of the sample .87.4 Test portion for the

14、 determination of neutralisation potential 88 Test procedures .98.1 Determination of acid potential 98.1.1 General 98.1.2 Total sulfur content .98.1.3 Determination of sulfur species .98.1.4 Calculation 98.2 Determination of neutralisation potential 108.2.1 General . 108.2.2 Carbonate rating . 108.2

15、.3 Neutralisation potential 108.2.4 Calculation . 129 Calculation of neutralisation potential ratio and net neutralisation potential 1210 Performance characteristics . 1311 Test report . 13Annex A (informative) Example of a data sheet for the recording of test results according to 8.2.3 . 15Annex B

16、(informative) Operation and uses of the test: influence of parameters 16B.1 Sulfur determination . 16B.2 Particle size . 16B.3 Mineralogy . 16B.3.1 Sources of acidity . 16B.3.2 Neutralisation potential 18Annex C (informative) Speciation of sulfur compounds 20Annex D (informative) Explanation of form

17、ulas used . 23D.1 Acid potential 23D.2 Carbonate rating . 23Bibliography . 25Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15875:2011EN 15875:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This doc

18、ument (EN 15875:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterization of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by Apri

19、l 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rig

20、hts. The preparation of this document by CEN is based on a mandate by the European Commission (Mandate M/395), which assigned the development of standards on the characterization of waste from extractive industries. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizati

21、ons of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal

22、, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15875:2011EN 15875:2011 (E) 4 Introduction

23、 This document has been developed primarily to support the implementation of the Directive 2006/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the council on the management of waste from the extractive industries, especially relating to technical requirements for waste characterization as sulfide bearing m

24、aterials may generate sulfuric acid when subjected to weathering. Test methods for the determination of acid generation behaviour can be divided in static and kinetic tests. A static test is usually relatively fast to perform, but gives only indicative information based on total composition of the w

25、aste material. The kinetic test gives more detailed information on behaviour based on reaction rates under specified conditions. This standard only covers static testing. The application of this test method alone may not be sufficient to determine the actual potential in the field for the formation

26、of acidic drainage as site specific conditions will affect the behaviour in the field and require a more detailed assessment. To carry out a more precise assessment of the acid generation potential and buffering capacity mineralogical information is required. A number of special cases can be identif

27、ied: e.g. presence of sulfate (e.g. gypsum), non-acid producing sulfides or carbonates with no buffering capacity. Acid neutralisation behaviour as obtained by other methods can provide additional information in circumstances of uncertainty. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided

28、by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15875:2011EN 15875:2011 (E) 5 1 Scope This European standard specifies methods to determine the potential of sulfide bearing materials for the formation of acidic drainage. Specified

29、 are methods for determining both the acid potential (AP) and the neutralisation potential (NP) of the material. From these results the net neutralisation potential (NNP) and the neutralisation potential ratio (NPR) are calculated. This European standard is applicable to all sulfide bearing wastes f

30、rom the extractive industries excluding wastes which will have pH 6,0 20Measure and record the pH of the slurry after 22 h 15 min. If the pH is above 2,5 add HCl (6.1.2) to adjust the pH between 2,0 and 2,5. It is strongly recommended to adjust the pH as close as possible to 2,0 to ensure being in t

31、he range of pH = 2,0 to 2,5 at t = 24 h. Record the exact volume added (VA, t=22h) and the pH after the acid addition. If the pH at t = 22 h before acid addition is below pH = 2,0, too much acid was added in the beginning of the test and the test shall be repeated adding a smaller volume of acid. Fo

32、r the repeated test use the acid addition at start (t = 0) in table 1 one line above the one used in the discarded test. EXAMPLE 1 In the test the added HCl was VA, t=0= 1,5 ml which corresponds to line 2 in table 1. At t = 22 h the measured pH was pH 2,5). If neither a smaller nor a bigger volume o

33、f initial acid addition from Table 1 leads to completion of the test due to problems described in examples above it is allowed to use an initial volume of acid deviating from Table 1. This deviation should be documented in the test report together with information of the acid volumes used in the pre

34、ceding trials. EXAMPLE 3 VA, t=0= 10 ml is used corresponding to line 7 in Table 1. At t = 22 h pH is adjusted to 2,0. Still, pH of the slurry is above 2,5 at t = 24 h. In the next trial VA, t=0= 14 ml is used corresponding to line 8 in table 1 leading to pH of the slurry being below 2,0 at t = 22 h

35、. For the following trial e.g. VA, t=0= 12 ml may be tried. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15875:2011EN 15875:2011 (E) 12 NOTE 2 Materials usually contain

36、other neutralizing compounds than calcium carbonate, which may react slower than calcium carbonate and thus leads to underestimation of NP. (See Annex B). Titrate the slurry to a pH of 8,3 using a sodium hydroxide solution (6.1.3). Record the exact volume of NaOH consumed in titration. NOTE 3 The en

37、d point of the back-titration is 8,3, being the usual endpoint for acidity titrations, corresponding to the stoichiometric equivalence point for carbonate/bicarbonate in natural waters in which carbonic acid is the most dominant weak acid. NOTE 4 An example of a data sheet for the recording of test

38、results is given in Annex A, Table A.1. 8.2.4 Calculation Calculate the NP of the sample expressed as H+content in mol/kg and as carbonate equivalents (CaCO3) in kg/t as follows: a) expressed as H+content in mol/kg (Equation (5) dBA(NaOH)(NaOH)(HCl)(HCl)NPMVcVc = (5) where c(HCl) is the concentratio

39、n of HCl in mol/l; VA(HCl) is the volume of HCl added (VA, t=0 + VA, t=22h) in ml; c(NaOH) is the concentration of NaOH in mol/l; VB(NaOH) is the volume of NaOH used in back titration in ml; Mdis the dry mass of the test portion expressed in grams (g). b) expressed as carbonate equivalents (CaCO3) i

40、n kg/t (Equation (6) dBA(NaOH)(NaOH)(HCl)(HCl)50NPMVcVc = (6) 9 Calculation of neutralisation potential ratio and net neutralisation potential The acid potential (AP) and neutralisation potential (NP) are to be calculated in H+content in mol/kg. The resulting neutralisation potential ratio (NPR) (po

41、tential for neutralisation of acidic drainages) is assessed using the formula in Equation (7): APNPNPR = (7) NOTE 1 A NPR 1 should be enough to avoid acidic drainage. However, the reaction rates may differ between AP minerals and NP minerals. Different mineralogy and crystalline structure may also l

42、ead to different availability. Thus, there is a range of NPR-values which will be interpreted as uncertain. (see Annex B). NOTE 2 In some countries the acid potential is expressed as pyrite in mol/kg instead of H+in mol/kg, these figures differ by a factor of 4. Consequently, the value for insuffici

43、ent neutralisation capacity would be NPR 2 provides an additional source of acidity. These minerals are therefore important as both sinks and potential sources of acidity. B.3.2 Neutralisation potential The determination of neutralisation potential (NP) is dependent on a number of parameters. Apart

44、from sample mineralogy, the most important have been identified as being sample pre-treatment, temperature, testing time, particle size, end pH and back-titration pH. Some of them have already been defined in existing international method descriptions (Lawrence and Wang 3), with levels set where res

45、ults have been empirically proven to be appropriate. Other important parameters have been defined in this standard to increase the reproducibility and comparability of results. All NP is assumed to react like calcite in acidic conditions CaCO3+ 2H+ Ca2+ H2CO30 (B.4) Fe and Mn carbonates are not neut

46、ralising under aerobic conditions (i.e. siderite, FeCO3, and rhodochrosite, MnCO3.); Silicates (and some other minerals) will contribute to the neutralisation to some extent (slower reaction than calcite); In sulfidic soils (clays) organic matter may contribute significantly to the neutralising capa

47、city. When using the test described in this European standard it is assumed that all neutralisating capacity is determined within the testing time of 24 h. However, some minerals react faster, others slower. To give an indication of reactivity of some carbonate minerals the following sequence may be

48、 used: monohydrocalcite aragonite calcite dolomite magnesite siderite rhodochrosite In Table B.1, a more detailed list of carbonate minerals is shown. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN 15875:2011EN 15875:2011 (E) 19 Table B.1 Mineralized environment, carbonate minerals. Mineral group Mineral Chemical Formula Hydrated carbonates Monohydrocalcite CaCO3. H2O Aragonite group: Orthorhombic Aragonit