1、BSI Standards PublicationWater quality Guidanceon the estimation of fishabundance with mobilehydroacoustic methodsBS EN 15910:2014Incorporating corrigendum April 2014BS EN 15910:2014National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 15910:2014. The UK participation in its preparat
2、ion was entrusted by Technical Committee EH/3, Water quality, to Subcommittee EH/3/5, Biological Methods.A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users
3、 are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 86080 5ICS 13.060.70Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of t
4、he Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affected30 April 2014 Implementation of CEN correction notice 22 January 2014: editorial corrections throughout; brackets deleted in the bibliographical references contained in squar
5、e brackets; and amendments to both Table A.1 and Table C.4.BRITISH STANDARDEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 15910 January 2014 ICS 13.060.70 English Version Water quality - Guidance on the estimation of fish abundance with mobile hydroacoustic methods Qualit de leau - Guide sur l
6、estimation de labondance des poissons par des mthodes hydroacoustiques mobiles Wasserbeschaffenheit - Anleitung zur Abschtzung der Fischabundanz mit mobilen hydroakustischen Verfahren This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 November 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
7、 Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or t
8、o any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the offici
9、al versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, N
10、orway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of ex
11、ploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15910:2014 E2 Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms 6 3.1 Terms and definitions .6 3.2 Symbols and abbreviated te
12、rms 6 4 Principle and field of application .7 5 Equipment 8 5.1 General 8 5.2 System performance .8 5.2.1 Minimum requirements .8 5.2.2 Optimum requirements .9 5.3 Calibration 9 5.3.1 General 9 5.3.2 Types of calibration .9 6 Survey design . 11 6.1 General . 11 6.2 Design for appropriate resolution
13、and detection 11 6.3 Pre-planning 11 6.4 Timing of surveys . 12 6.5 Transducer orientation and position 13 6.5.1 General . 13 6.5.2 Requirements specific to vertical surveys . 13 6.5.3 Requirements specific to horizontal surveys 14 6.6 Requirements for acoustic inter-comparisons 14 7 Survey data acq
14、uisition . 14 7.1 Acoustic data 14 7.2 Echosounder settings 15 7.3 Data acquisition from additional equipment 15 8 Post-processing of acoustic data . 16 8.1 General . 16 8.2 Pre-analysis . 16 8.2.1 Bottom detection 16 8.2.2 Discrimination . 16 8.2.3 Single Echo/Target Detection (SED/ST) scenarios .
15、18 8.3 Analysis . 19 8.3.1 Abundance estimate methods . 19 8.3.2 Vertical surveys 19 8.3.3 Horizontal Surveys . 19 8.3.4 Biomass estimates . 19 9 Calculation of Results 20 9.1 Aim . 20 9.2 Identification of targets 20 9.3 Interpretation of Target Strength data 21 9.4 Determination of weight and biom
16、ass 21 9.5 Outputs of acoustic data 22 9.5.1 Fish abundance as numerical density 22 BS EN 15910:2014 EN 15910:2014 (E)3 9.5.2 Size structure . 22 9.5.3 Biomass 23 9.6 Estimates of sampling variance and precision 23 9.6.1 Precision of estimates 23 9.6.2 Simple Random Analysis 23 9.6.3 Stratified Anal
17、ysis . 23 10 Quality control and quality assurance 25 10.1 General . 25 10.2 Quality control . 25 10.3 Quality assurance 25 11 Survey report . 25 11.1 General . 25 11.2 Objectives, sampling location and staff 25 11.3 Equipment and prerequisites . 26 11.4 Track details, site details and conditions .
18、26 11.5 Survey results 27 Annex A (informative) Supplementary data . 29 Annex B (informative) Methods for estimates of fish abundance 31 Annex C (informative) Interpretation of TS into fish length and weight 32 Annex D (informative) Deconvolution procedure 37 Annex E (informative) Determination of t
19、he Elementary Distance Sampling Unit (EDSU) 39 Annex F (informative) Estimates of sampling variance and precision 40 Annex G (informative) Published inter-comparison studies 41 Bibliography 43 BS EN 15910:2014 EN 15910:2014 (E)4 Foreword This document (EN 15910:2014) has been prepared by Technical C
20、ommittee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at t
21、he latest by July 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN b
22、y the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, E
23、stonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 15910:2014 EN
24、15910:2014 (E)5 Introduction This document is one of several European Standards developed for the evaluation of species composition, abundance and age structure of fish in rivers, lakes and transitional waters. The following standards have already been published: EN 14011, Water quality Sampling of
25、fish with electricity; EN 14757, Water quality Sampling of fish with multi-mesh gillnets; EN 14962, Water quality Guidance on the scope and selection of fish sampling methods. The initial draft of this document was constructed by an international group of experts during an ad hoc joint EIFAC/CEN wor
26、kshop. WARNING Persons using this European Standard should be familiar with normal laboratory and fieldwork practice. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health
27、 practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions. IMPORTANT It is absolutely essential that tests conducted according to this European Standard be carried out by suitably trained staff. BS EN 15910:2014 EN 15910:2014 (E)6 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a standard
28、ized method for data sampling and procedures for data evaluation of fish populations in large rivers, lakes and reservoirs, using hydroacoustic equipment deployed on mobile platforms (boats and vessels). This standard covers fish population abundance estimates of pelagic and profundal waters 15 m me
29、an depth with the acoustic beam oriented vertically, and the inshore and surface waters of water bodies 2 m depth with the beam oriented horizontally. The size structure of fish populations can only be determined to a relatively low degree of precision and accuracy, particularly from horizontally-de
30、ployed echosounders. As acoustic techniques are presently unable to identify species directly, other direct fish catching methods should always be used in combination. This standard provides recommendations and requirements on equipment, survey design, data acquisition, post-processing of data and r
31、esults and reporting. A selected literature with references in support of this standard is given in the Bibliography. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only
32、 the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14962:2006, Water quality - Guidance on the scope and selection of fish sampling methods 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms and definiti
33、ons For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 14962:2006 apply. 3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms Common abbreviations used in this document: EDSU Elementary Distance Sampling Unit; Unit: Metre (m); GPS Global Positioning System; MUR Maximum Usable Range; Unit: Metre (
34、m); PST Peak of Small Targets; SaArea Backscattering Strength; Unit: decibel, dB re 1 (m2m-2); SvVolume Backscattering Strength; Unit: decibel, dB re 1 m-1; SED Single Echo Detection; SNR Signal to Noise Ratio; ST Single Target; TS Target Strength; Units = dB re 1m2; TVG Time Varied Gain; YOY Young
35、of the year. BS EN 15910:2014 EN 15910:2014 (E)7 4 Principle and field of application Hydroacoustic (or echosounding) technologies are effective and efficient methods for sampling fish in the water column 35. Fisheries acoustics methods are analogous to remote sensing techniques and advantageous to
36、other sampling methods as nearly the entire water column can be sampled quickly and non-destructively, areal coverage is continuous, data resolution is on the order of tenths of metres, and data can be post-processed in a variety of ways. However, other methods and procedures are required for determ
37、ination of species identity and age structure. Acoustics is used to gather information remotely by transmitting a pulsed beam of sound energy into a water body and subsequently detecting and analysing the returning echoes. Systems are available with single-, dual-, split- and multi-beams, although t
38、he latter two types have now superseded the other two systems. Acoustic systems are usually deployed from a moving boat in large water bodies. A computer is required for control of the echo sounder in the field and for the data processing. This standard covers acoustic sampling of deep lakes, reserv
39、oirs, shallow lakes and wide lowland rivers. The pelagic and profundal waters of lakes 15 m depth are surveyed with the acoustic beam oriented in the vertical axis, whilst inshore and surface waters of lakes and lowland rivers 2 m depth are surveyed with the beam oriented horizontally (21, 25). Wate
40、r bodies of all trophic levels can be sampled acoustically and a wide range of fish communities and targets, ranging from young of the year to large mature fish can be detected and quantified (Table 1). Mobile acoustic surveys provide several layers of information; from relatively simple presence /
41、absence studies of target species, to spatial (or temporal) distributions of individuals or groups, to fully quantitative density and (when combined with other sampling techniques) system-wide biomass estimates. Correctly obtained acoustic sampling data are directly related to population density. Th
42、e strategy shall be to sample a defined area or volume of lake or river using appropriate equipment (Clause 5), data collection (Clause 7) and data processing procedures (Clause 8), presenting the results in a standard reporting format (Clause 9) to provide estimates of fish abundance. Abundance in
43、this context can be either a relative or an absolute measure of assessment based on a single survey of a known area or volume of water. BS EN 15910:2014 EN 15910:2014 (E)8 Table 1 Suitability of hydroacoustic sampling techniques for inland water bodies and fish communities Application Objectives Wat
44、er Types Target Species and Life Stages Limitations Vertical Beaming Fish population abundance estimates Fish population size structure Lake Category 1aLake Category 3bFish in pelagic and profundal waters YOY to adult Poor coverage of surface and littoral waters Shall be used in conjunction with dir
45、ect capture methods for species composition and age structure Horizontal Beaming Fish population abundance estimates Fish population size structure Lake Category 1aLake Category 3bRiver Category 3cRiver Category 4dRiver Category 5eFish in littoral and surface waters YOY to adult Poor coverage of pel
46、agic and profundal waters Vulnerable to interference from macrophytes and entrained air Low confidence in size-structure from lakes and slow-flowing rivers Shall be used in conjunction with direct capture methods for species composition Temperature gradients can introduce biases in fish estimates du
47、e to bending of the sound beam. Combined Vertical and Horizontal Beaming Fish population abundance estimates Fish population size structure Lake Category 1aLake Category 3bFish in pelagic, profundal, littoral and surface waters YOY to adult Horizontal beaming vulnerable to interference from macrophy
48、tes and entrained air Low confidence in size-structure from horizontal beaming Shall be used in conjunction with direct capture methods for species composition Categories of lakes and rivers: see EN 14962 aWith a pelagic or profundal zone, area 0,5 km2; cWidth 2 m; dWidth 30 m to 100 m, maximum dept
49、h 2 m; eWidth 100 m, maximum depth 2 m. 5 Equipment 5.1 General Although current acoustic equipment is accurate and reliable, it shall be used correctly with a fundamental understanding of factors that can affect its performance. Sources of systematic error or bias in acoustic survey results include calibration errors, hydrographic conditions, diel fish behaviour and migration (35). Other practical limitations are sources of unwanted echoes (reverberation), such as plankton, debris, submerged macrophytes and entrained air bub
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