BS EN 16247-4-2014 Energy audits Transport《能源审计 运输》.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16247-4:2014Energy auditsPart 4: TransportBS EN 16247-4:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16247-4:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee SEM/1/1, Energy Management System

2、s and EnergyAudits.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Publis

3、hed by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 77713 4ICS 03.120.10; 27.010; 55.020Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2014.Amendments issued s

4、ince publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16247-4:2014EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16247-4 May 2014 ICS 03.120.10; 27.010; 55.020 English version Energy audits - Part 4: Transport Audits nergtiques - Partie 4: Transport Energieaudits - Teil 4: Transport This European Standard w

5、as approved by CEN on 27 May 2014. CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerni

6、ng such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN and CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN a

7、nd CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, D

8、enmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. CEN-CENELEC Man

9、agement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members and for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. EN 16247-4:2014 EBS EN 16247-4:2014EN 16247-4:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 3 0 Introduction

10、. 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Terms and definitions . 5 4 Quality requirements 7 4.1 Qualifications 7 4.2 Energy audit process 7 4.2.1 General . 7 4.2.2 Operations department cooperation . 7 4.2.3 Personnel . 7 5 Elements of the energy audit process 8 5.1 Preliminary contact . 8 5.2 Sta

11、rt-up meeting 8 5.3 Collecting data 8 5.4 Field work 9 5.5 Analysis . 9 5.5.1 General . 9 5.5.2 Energy performance indicators . 10 5.5.3 Transport mode and energy sources 10 5.6 Report . 11 5.6.1 General . 11 5.6.2 Content of report . 11 5.7 Final meeting . 12 Annex A (normative) Transport sectors .

12、 13 Bibliography . 16 BS EN 16247-4:2014EN 16247-4:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16247-4:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/CLC/JWG 1 “Energy audits”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by p

13、ublication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2014 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CEN

14、ELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This Part provides additional material to Part 1 for the Transport sector and should be used in conjunction with Part 1. This European Standard is part of the series EN 16247 “Energy audits” which comprises the followi

15、ng: Part 1 General requirements; Part 2 Buildings; Part 3 Processes; Part 4 Transport; Part 5 Competence of energy auditors. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belg

16、ium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switze

17、rland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16247-4:2014EN 16247-4:2014 (E) 4 0 Introduction An energy audit can help an organization to identify opportunities to improve energy efficiency. It can be part of a site wide energy management system. This European Standard is intended for the energy audi

18、ting of mobile assets e.g. vehicles, railways, marine vessels, aircraft, as well as mobile plant. Due to the mobility of the assets in transport, energy auditing in this area is especially challenging. For example, the meetings are harder to organize, the activities involved are harder to inspect. T

19、he first part of this standard harmonizes the procedures for energy auditing in transport systems. On the other hand, there are certain aspects which are particular to every transport mode. For example, whereas the mobile assets in road transport are numerous, similar and replaced frequently, the as

20、sets for marine and air transport are large and long-lived. In order to state the energy auditing features of every transport mode, there is a specific section for each of them at the end of this document. Finally, the possibility of planning and selecting the mode of transport (and, sometimes, usin

21、g different modes for a unique transport service) is also a specific aspect of the transport activity. Therefore, this standard will place special attention to this topic. NOTE An energy audit is not a fiscal method, the term and the nature of an energy audit are defined in EN 162471 Energy Audits.

22、BS EN 16247-4:2014EN 16247-4:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope This European Standard shall be used in conjunction with and is supplementary to EN 16247-1, Energy audits Part 1: General requirements. It provides additional requirements to EN 16247-1 and shall be applied simultaneously. The procedures described her

23、e apply to the different modes of transport (road, rail, marine and aviation), as well as the different ranges (local to long distance) and what is transported (basically, goods and people). This European Standard specifies the requirements, methodology and deliverables specific to energy audits in

24、the transport sector, every situation in which a displacement is made, no matter who the operator is (a public or private company or whether the operator is exclusively dedicated to transport or not), is also addressed in this document. This European Standard advises on both the optimization of ener

25、gy within each mode of transport, as well as selecting the best mode of transport in each situation; the conclusions drawn by the energy audit can influence decisions on infrastructure and investment e.g. in teleconferencing or web meetings. Energy audits of buildings and processes associated with t

26、ransport can be conducted respectively with the EN 16247-2 Buildings and EN 16247-3 Processes e.g. pipelines, depots and escalators/travelators. This part of the standard does not include the infrastructure which supplies energy e.g. the electricity generation of energy for railways. 2 Normative ref

27、erences The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

28、 EN 16247-1, Energy audits - Part 1: General requirements UIC/UNIFE TecRec 100 001 Specification and verification of energy consumption for railway rolling stock, 2010 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document the terms and definitions given in EN 16247-1 and the following apply. 3.1

29、 transport activity that implies the movement of people or goods from one place to another BS EN 16247-4:2014EN 16247-4:2014 (E) 6 3.2 vehicle object used to perform the transport, may include the container, trailer or carriage where energy is consumed Note 1 to entry: This document will use this te

30、rm, instead of the more general one (audited object), from part 1 of this standard. 3.3 energy includes fuels, inclusive of biofuels, electricity inclusive of regenerated/recovered energy from braking etc. Excludes feedstock energy sources such as Aqueous Urea Solution (Adblue ISO 22241-1) 3.4 fleet

31、 group of vehicles 3.5 train set consist railway terminology used to describe a “train” varies between countries, very often it means a single scheduled service. In the UK, the interchangeable terms “set“ and “unit“ are used to refer to a group of permanently or semi-permanently coupled vehicles, su

32、ch as those of a diesel multiple unit. In the United Kingdom Section 83(1) of the Railways Act 1993 defines “train” as follows: a) two or more items of rolling stock coupled together, at least one of which is a locomotive; b) a locomotive not coupled to any other rolling stock. In the United States,

33、 the term consist is used to describe the group of rail vehicles which make up a train 3.6 operator person that governs the vehicle operation with his/her own hands, e.g. driver, pilot, helmsman, etc.(not the organization being audited) 3.7 organization owner or operator of the fleet of vehicles sub

34、ject to the audit 3.8 transport service service provided to a beneficiary for the transport of goods or of a person from a departure point to a destination point 3.9 segment group of vehicles performing the same type of transport; i.e. subset of a fleet having a certain common feature Note 1 to entr

35、y: The criteria for segment definition depend on the kind of transport the audited organization performs and the kind of vehicles used. An example might be differentiating the vehicles performing local distribution as opposed to long distance shipment in two different segments. BS EN 16247-4:2014EN

36、16247-4:2014 (E) 7 3.10 operators representative group of workers in charge of communicating the interest of the operators to the management of the organization 3.11 load factor ratio of the average load or passenger number to total vehicle capacity in tonnes, volume or seats/standing 4 Quality requ

37、irements 4.1 Qualifications With reference to prEN 16247-51, the energy auditor shall have relevant knowledge of the different modes of transport and energy sources used in transport by the organization subject to the audit. 4.2 Energy audit process 4.2.1 General Due to the complexity, mobility and

38、time critical nature of transport operations, the site visit needs to be done within restrictions for both auditor and operator to allow both parties to complete their duties, thus this clause (4.2) states distinct requirements to those specified in EN 16247-1, 4.2. 4.2.2 Operations department coope

39、ration Transport operations are a complex, time-critical process and being able to audit it without affecting its final result is imperative. The organization shall provide the auditor with appropriate access to relevant personnel, records, documentation or equipment. The auditor shall agree with th

40、e operations department on the needs of both parties to complete their duties in a proper manner. Failing to do so upfront will put extra difficulties into the auditing process. When a sampling method is used, the selected sample of vehicle(s) shall be representative of the fleet or that part of the

41、 fleet. 4.2.3 Personnel In order to perform the audit in a proper manner, the auditor shall have direct access to people within the organization in charge of the following areas: a) Planning. Personnel responsible for logistics and route management; b) Operations. This department is in charge of org

42、anizing the transport operations and specifically of assigning them to operators and vehicles; c) Maintenance. These are the people responsible for assuring the availability and good performance of the vehicles, or granting access to service records if maintenance is outsourced; 1prEN 16247-5 is cur

43、rently not yet published and under development. BS EN 16247-4:2014EN 16247-4:2014 (E) 8 d) Technical and procurement. Those people responsible for vehicle specifications and acquisition, including sub-contractors and suppliers; e) Human resources. It is important for the auditor to understand the vi

44、ews of the staff and operators as they are critical to the energy consumption reduction process. Moreover, direct contact with operators is advisable; f) Operator training department and/or training personnel; g) Operators. They are one of the keys to eliminating energy wastage and encouraging ecodr

45、iving; h) Finance. They usually process financial data associated with energy purchases, particularly important where energy prices vary week by week. 5 Elements of the energy audit process 5.1 Preliminary contact Due to the dispersed nature of transport, a focus on communication is of paramount imp

46、ortance. The auditor shall issue a summary of the purpose and main needs of the audit and communicate this to the people with responsibility for the organizations transportation. Where possible, these personnel shall be present at the start-up meeting. As the audit progresses, the organization shall

47、 be informed of the results, deviations and any outstanding issues. Likewise, the auditor shall communicate with the organization on issues affecting the conduct of the audit. The auditor shall require the organization to inform them of any significant changes that would impact on the energy audit.

48、5.2 Start-up meeting Within the restrictions of normal transport operations and where practicable, the organization shall enable the personnel agreed at 4.2.3 to attend the start-up meeting. 5.3 Collecting data The auditor shall gather the following information: the energy consumption for every vehi

49、cle during the last year, with intervals that allow for a useful trend analysis (for seasonal analysis or any other significant factor): a) criteria used for planning transport operations assignments; b) description of the routes taken and planning policy; c) fleet composition: list of all available vehicles along with their age and main technical features (e.g. vehicle category, fuel type, engine size, emissions rating, ancillaries); d) operator training conducted for energy consumption reduction (e.g. ecodriving), including documented records of any resultant r