1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16301:2013Natural stone test methods Determination of sensitivity toaccidental stainingBS EN 16301:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK imp
2、lementation of EN 16301:2013. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/545, Natural stone.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions o
3、f a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 75263 6 ICS 73.020; 91.100.15 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was publ
4、ished under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS EN 16301:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16301 March 2013 ICS 73.020; 91.100.15 English Version Natural stone test meth
5、ods - Determination of sensitivity to accidental staining Mthodes dessai pour les pierres naturelles - Dtermination de la sensibilit au tachage accidentel Prfverfahren fr Naturstein - Bestimmung der Empfindlichkeit gegen unbeabsichtigte Fleckenbildung This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12
6、 January 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may b
7、e obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to
8、the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, I
9、reland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Aven
10、ue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16301:2013: EBS EN 16301:2013EN 16301:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions .4 4 Principle
11、5 5 Apparatus .5 6 Preparation of specimens .6 6.1 Sampling .6 6.2 Test specimens 7 6.2.1 Surface finish .7 6.2.2 Dimensions .7 6.2.3 Testing environment .7 6.2.4 Pre-conditioning and treatment of the specimens .7 7 Procedure .7 7.1 Documentation of the test specimens .7 7.2 Staining agents to be us
12、ed in the standard test .8 7.3 Staining procedure 8 7.4 Cleaning procedure .8 8 Evaluation of staining and expression of the result 9 9 Precision .9 10 Test report 9 Annex A (normative) Specification of staining agents . 11 Annex B (informative) Colour pictures to facilitate the evaluation of staini
13、ng 12 Bibliography . 17 BS EN 16301:2013EN 16301:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16301:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 246 “Natural stones”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publica
14、tion of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELE
15、C shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic
16、, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16
17、301:2013EN 16301:2013 (E) 4 1 Scope The European Standard specifies a method to assess the sensitivity of natural stones when exposed to accidental staining. It defines a procedure for the application of the stains, the cleaning and the assessment of the surface appearance after cleaning. It also co
18、vers the possibility to assess the efficiency of a surface treatment. Note that the method does not intend to present any de-staining technique. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application.
19、 For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 11664-2, Colorimetry Part 2: CIE standard illuminants (ISO 11664-2) EN ISO 11998, Paints and varnishes Determination of wet-scrub re
20、sistance and cleanability of coatings (ISO 11998) ISO 1065, Non-ionic surface-active agents obtained from ethylene oxide and mixed non-ionic surface-active agents Determination of cloud point 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 su
21、rface finishing final surface texture applied to a stone during processing 3.2 matt finished surface surface treatment to produce a very flat, uniform, but no polished finish Note 1 to entry: Matt finished surface can be obtained by means of a silicium carbide bonded polishing disk with grain size F
22、 400 mesh. 3.3 surface treatment application of certain materials (i.e chemicals) to the exposed face of a slab SOURCE: EN 12670:2001, 2.4.29 3.4 impregnation protection of the surface of a stone by a pore-sealing product or a chemical coating 3.5 staining agent liquid used to produce stains on the
23、surface of the stone BS EN 16301:2013EN 16301:2013 (E) 5 4 Principle A defined set of staining agents is applied on a defined stone surface. The mode of application is specified. The specimens are conditioned and washed with a standardised cleaning machine. The stones are dried and the possible rema
24、inders of the stains are assessed by a visual observation. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Ventilated oven capable of maintaining a temperature of (40 5) C and (70 5) C 5.2 Pipette, 0,10 ml 1,00 ml 5.3 Wet Abrasion Scrub Tester, according to EN ISO 11998. The machine (Figure 1) works with a sinus-shaped movement wi
25、th a frequency of 35 cycles per minute, and amplitude of approximately 350 mm. The total weight of the scrubbing arm with dry cloth and its holder shall be (350 10) g. 5.4 Weights to achieve the specified load on the scrubbing arm. Key a) scrubbing arm with dry cloth and its holder b) the machine Fi
26、gure 1 Example of washability apparatus for cleaning test 5.5 Cleaning cloth a) Dimensions of the cloth 120 mm 38 mm (may be different depending on the cleaning equipment). b) Thickness: (2 0,5) mm. c) Area weight: (300 50) g/m2. d) A thinner cloth may be used in layers to achieve the above stated p
27、roperties. e) At least 50 % viscose (regenerated cellulose fibres). BS EN 16301:2013EN 16301:2013 (E) 6 f) At least 20 % cotton. 5.6 Holder for the cleaning cloth, e.g. wooden block (Figure 2). The scrubbing arm of the machine is equipped with e.g. a wooden block measuring 89 mm 38 mm 32 mm. The blo
28、ck holds a piece of cleaning cloth measuring 120 mm 38 mm. The standard dimensions of the scrubbing area of the brush in the standards mentioned above are 89 mm 39 mm. Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 cloth Figure 2 Cleaning cloth on wooden block 5.7 Camera, digital (a minimum of 2,5MPixels, uncompre
29、ssed), for documentation of unstained and stained test specimens. 5.8 Daylight or illuminants D65 (6500K) according to EN ISO 11664-2. 5.9 Stand for repeatable photography conditions. 5.10 Cleaning solution pH-neutral, without abrasive, multipurpose cleaner, surfactant-based anionic type or a produc
30、t basing the following composition: 12,5 % (m/m) of a sodium primary (C10-C14) polymer alkyl aryl sulphonate; 12,5 % (m/m) polyethylated derivatives of primary or secondary (C8-C16) alcohols with 5 to 15 ethoxylated groups having a cloud point of 25 C to 75 C in 1 % (m/m) aqueous solution (determina
31、tion of cloud point is described in ISO 1065); 5,0 % (m/m) ethanol; 70 % (m/m) deinonized or distilled water. The cleaning agent shall be stored in a glass bottle in a cool dark place and should be used within 1 year of the day of preparation. 5.11 Hand spray pump for applying the cleaning solution.
32、 5.12 Staining agents the set of staining agents to be used for the test is defined in Annex A. 6 Preparation of specimens 6.1 Sampling The method of sampling shall be stated in the test report and shall be chosen so that the samples are representative of the batch to be tested. BS EN 16301:2013EN 1
33、6301:2013 (E) 7 6.2 Test specimens 6.2.1 Surface finish For identification test and comparison, the specimens shall have a “matt finished surface”. NOTE Schist and slate are exceptions to this rule. They can be tested on natural cleft surface. For “technological testing”, surfaces with a roughness 0
34、,5 mm are not suitable for testing due to the risk of damaging the apparatus. 6.2.2 Dimensions One sample set consists of three test specimens sized, minimum 300 mm by 100 mm, and thickness as in use (maximum 30 mm). Alternative dimensions can be used if different cleaning equipment is used. 6.2.3 T
35、esting environment The test specimens shall be placed in (23 5) C and (50 5) % relative humidity during the entire stain exposure. Daylight or artificial light D65 is used during the photography and the evaluation. 6.2.4 Pre-conditioning and treatment of the specimens Marble and limestone shall be d
36、ried in (40 5) C for one week before the test. Other stone types shall be dried in (70 5) C for at least 24 h. Commercially used stone products are sometimes impregnated in some way to make them easier to clean. The traditional treatment of carbonaceous stones is soft soap, which partially seals the
37、 pores and makes the surface a bit more hydrophobic. For standard test the stones shall be non-treated as a reference. If a carbonaceous stone type is tested, one set should also be treated with soft soap 2,5 vol. % solution in water, or similar which is recommended by the Stone Industry federations
38、. The soap treatment is not mandatory, but highly recommended. Instruction for the treatment with soft soap: the solution is sprayed on with a hand-pumped spray; after 3 h: The next layer is applied; after another 21 h: The excess shall be rinsed off under running water. The test specimens are kept
39、in (23 5) C and (50 5) % relative humidity for a minimum 16 h before applying the staining agents. If a surface treatment/coating chemical or impregnation chemical shall be tested, the procedure of applying this shall be documented and follow the manufacturers instruction. 7 Procedure 7.1 Documentat
40、ion of the test specimens Document the test specimens by digital photography before the stains are applied. Use daylight or artificial light D65. The photographs should be scaled. BS EN 16301:2013EN 16301:2013 (E) 8 7.2 Staining agents to be used in the standard test The set of staining agents to be
41、 used for the test is defined in Annex A. NOTE For specific uses, it may be required to use also urine and blueberry soup (Annex A). Other products can be used and prepared according to instructions by the manufacturer or commissioner. 7.3 Staining procedure All samples have to be stained in the sam
42、e way. The stains shall have the same size and shape. All staining shall be performed at (23 5) C and (50 5) % relative humidity. The samples shall remain in this atmosphere during the whole exposure time, usually 15 min and (48 1) hours as a default value. Other time schedules may be used provided
43、that the commissioner asks for it. The diameter of the stains shall be (35 5) mm. NOTE Most water based stains, like Cola, wine and coffee has the same surface properties and a suitable stain volume is 0,70 ml. This volume is also sufficient for ketchup which shall be spread out to the same size. A
44、stain like oil has completely different surface properties and immediately floats out on most stone materials. To get a stain in the same size as for the water based products a volume of 0,15 ml is suitable. Surface treated samples may need the staining agent to be spread out to reach the optimal 35
45、 mm . Dimensions in millimetres Figure 3 Optimal sample size and stain pattern 7.4 Cleaning procedure Gently remove possible liquid residues of the stains with absorb and dry paper. Apply the correct load to the cleaning arm, (350 10) g (arm, cloth and cloth holder). Prepare cleaning solution with 1
46、5 ml of the cleaning agent (ref. 5.10) in 1000 ml deionized or distilled water. Spray cleaning solution on the stains 4 min before the cleaning. Soak the cleaning cloth in cleaning solution. BS EN 16301:2013EN 16301:2013 (E) 9 Mount the cleaning cloth and the holder to the scrubbing arm. The stained
47、 surfaces are then washed with a “Wet Abrasion Scrub Tester”. Ten cleaning cycles (10 strokes back and forth) shall be used in all tests. Rinse the surfaces with 150 ml water to remove residues of the cleaning solution. Condition the test specimens for 24 h in (23 5) C and (50 5) % relative humidity
48、 before they are photographed and evaluated. Photograph the test specimens in using the same scaling and light conditions used to photograph the test specimen before staining. 8 Evaluation of staining and expression of the result A visual observation of the residual staining shall be made according
49、to the following classification: 1) unchanged 2) light change 3) moderate change 4) severe change The visual assessment is to be performed in daylight or artificial light D65. Etching effect (gloss change) from acidic staining agents shall be assessed separately. The same classification is used and the result is reported separately. The evaluation can be done in a reflecting light. Note that an etching effect is, in cases, also observed as a colour change. The use of
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