1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16445:2013Ventilation for buildings Air diffusion Aerodynamictesting and rating for mixedflow application: non-isothermal procedure for coldjetBS EN 16445:2013 BRITISH STAN
2、DARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16445:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee RHE/2, Ventilation for buildings, heating and hot waterservices.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on req
3、uest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 75374 9ICS 91.140.30Compliance with a British S
4、tandard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16445:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16445
5、February 2013 ICS 91.140.30 English Version Ventilation for buildings - Air diffusion - Aerodynamic testing and rating for mixed flow application: non-isothermal procedure for cold jet Ventilation des btiments - Bouches dair - Essais arodynamiques et talonnage pour applications de fluides mixtes pou
6、r les essais non-isothermes pour jet froid Lftung von Gebuden - Luftverteilung - Aerodynamische Prfung und Bewertung von Mischstromanwendungen: Nicht-isothermes Verfahren fr einen Kaltluftstrahl This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 December 2012. CEN members are bound to comply with the C
7、EN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management C
8、entre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as
9、the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Neth
10、erlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of expl
11、oitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16445:2013: EBS EN 16445:2013EN 16445:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references . 4 3 Terms and definitions 4 4 Symbols (and abbreviated terms) . 6 5 Requirements . 7 5.1 Instr
12、umentation 7 5.1.1 Air flow rate measurement . 7 5.1.2 Temperature measurements 7 5.1.3 Velocity measurements . 7 5.2 Test room and conditions 7 5.3 ATD isothermal characteristics . 7 6 Test to measure the non isothermal air discharge characteristics of a supply ATD 8 6.1 Installation of ATD 8 6.2 T
13、est procedure for horizontal cold jet . 10 6.2.1 Test conditions . 10 6.2.2 Preliminary conditions prior to formal measurement . 10 6.2.3 Measurements 11 7 Report . 19 7.1 Test conditions . 19 7.2 Results 19 Bibliography 21 BS EN 16445:2013EN 16445:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16445:2013) h
14、as been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 156 “Ventilation for buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2013, and conflictin
15、g national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2013. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the
16、 CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hu
17、ngary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16445:2013EN 16445:2013 (E) 4 1 Scope This European Standard specifies methods for the laboratory
18、 aerodynamic testing and rating of air terminal devices for mixed flow applications, including the specification of suitable test facilities and measurement techniques. This standard applies to laboratory testing of ATD for technical characterisation. The standard gives only tests for the assessment
19、 of characteristics of the air terminal devices for mixed flow applications, under non-isothermal conditions with a cold jet. It does not cover the testing of isothermal or low velocity terminal devices which are covered by other published standards. This European Standard applies to ventilation or
20、air conditioning systems designed for the maintenance of comfort conditions for buildings. It is not applicable in the case of systems for the control of industrial or other special process environments. In the latter case however, it may be referred to if the system technology is similar to that of
21、 the above mentioned ventilation and air conditioning systems. The principles described in this European Standard can also be used on site or in a lab for full-scale measurements. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
22、 indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12238, Ventilation for buildings Air terminal devices Aerodynamic testing and rating for mixed flow a
23、pplication EN 12239, Ventilation for buildings Air terminal devices Aerodynamic testing and rating for displacement flow applications EN 13182, Ventilation for buildings Instrumentation requirements for air velocity measurements in ventilated spaces 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this d
24、ocument, the following terms and definitions apply: 3.1 supply air air entering a supply air terminal device from an upstream duct 3.2 exhaust air air leaving an exhaust air terminal device into a downstream duct 3.3 local measured mean air velocity measured value of local airstream velocity as desc
25、ribed in EN 12238 3.4 treated space enclosure served by an air distribution system; in this standard this is the test room BS EN 16445:2013EN 16445:2013 (E) 5 3.5 envelope geometrical surface in a treated space where the local measured air velocity has the same value and is the reference velocity (g
26、enerally 0,5 m/s) associated with this envelope 3.6 throw (for a supply air terminal device) maximum distance between the centre of the core and a plane which is tangent to a specified envelope, such as 0,25 m.s-1, 0,5 m.s-1, etc. and the centre of the ATD 3.7 drop (for a supply air terminal device)
27、 vertical distance between the lowest horizontal plane tangent to a specified envelope, such as 0,25 m.s-1, 0,5 m.s-1, etc., and the centre of the ATD 3.8 rise (for a supply air terminal device) vertical distance between the highest horizontal plane tangent to a specified envelope, such as 0,25 m.s-
28、1, 0,5 m.s-1,etc., and the centre of the ATD 3.9 spread (for a supply air terminal device) maximum distance between two vertical planes tangent to a specified envelope, such as 0,25 m.s-1, 0,5 m.s-1, etc., and perpendicular to a plane through the centre of the ATD Note 1 to entry: There may be two d
29、ifferent spreads, not always equal: One for the left side, the other for the right side (considered when looking at the treated space from the supply air terminal device). 3.10 distance to maximum spread distance from the centre of the ATD to the maximum spread determined 3.11 separation distance fo
30、r cold jet with Coanda effect on ceiling, distance between the centre of the ATD and the point where the jet separates from the ceiling to drop 3.12 supply temperature temperature of air in supply ATD 3.13 room air temperature arithmetical average value of room air temperature measured in the occupi
31、ed zone outside the envelope of the jet 3.14 temperature quotient ratio of the local temperature difference at point x and at the point of discharge Q= x / 0where 0is the temperature difference between supply and room air xis the temperature difference between the point of maximum velocity in the di
32、stance x from the ATD and room air BS EN 16445:2013EN 16445:2013 (E) 6 3.15 free area Afsum of the minimum measured areas at each opening in the ATD through which air can pass 3.16 effective area Akeffective area in the ATD measured as described in EN 12238 3.17 effective velocity vkeffective veloci
33、ty in the ATD measured as described in EN 12238 4 Symbols (and abbreviated terms) Symbol h h1h2 Quantity Distances from ceiling at which measurements are made on vertical sections SI unit m p Pressure difference (for a pressure difference device) Pa qvVolume rate of flow m3.s-1v Velocity m.s-1vxMaxi
34、mum mean velocity at distance x from centre of supply air terminal device m.s-1x Distance from supply ATD along the centreline of the jet m xsSeparation distance m X Throw m Y Spread m Z Drop m QTemperature quotient 0Temperature difference between supply and room air K xTemperature difference betwee
35、n the point of maximum velocity in the distance x from the ATD and room air K Density of air kg.m-3AfFree area of the ATD m2AkEffective area of the ATD (k factor area) m2Ad bR hRlRArea corresponding to the cross section of the nominal size of the duct to which the device is fitted (neck area) Test r
36、oom width (Figure 1) Test room height (Figure 1) Test room length (Figure 1) m2 m m m R Area parameter that relates to the effective size of the ATD (see EN 12238) m2S Linear parameter that relates to the effective size of the ATD (see EN 12238) m vkEffective velocity in the ATD vkqAm.s-1BS EN 16445
37、:2013EN 16445:2013 (E) 7 5 Requirements 5.1 Instrumentation 5.1.1 Air flow rate measurement The air flow rate shall be measured according to one of the standards quoted in Clause 2 with maximum uncertainty of 5 %. 5.1.2 Temperature measurements Measurements of temperatures (in room and in jet) shall
38、 be made by means of resistance thermometers, thermocouples or other suitable instruments as long as they are calibrated with an accuracy better than 0,25 K. The objective is to achieve a global accuracy better than 0,5 K. The measurement of temperature in jet may involve exploration in areas with g
39、radients and this may place restrictions on the size of the sensing head. In addition, when temperature and velocity measurements are done together, the temperature sensor shall be as close as possible to the correct location in jet with a minimum perturbation of the velocity measurement. A minimum
40、measuring period of 60 s is recommended. When temperature fluctuations with low frequency occur, this may be due to air stream major instability which can be determined by jet flow visualisation (e.g. using smoke). If this is the case, these results shall be reported. If the air stream appears stabl
41、e, increase the measuring period to provide a stable temperature reading. 5.1.3 Velocity measurements The measurements of low velocities within treated spaces to determine air terminal device performance characteristics shall be made with a measuring device in accordance with EN 13182. 5.2 Test room
42、 and conditions The test room (size, walls, equipment) shall be as described in EN 12238. If heating elements are necessary, they shall be distributed uniformly over the floor area and covered by the floor. The surface temperature of the floor should not exceed the room air temperature by more than
43、4 K. The temperature of all other walls shall not differ from the air temperature of the test room by more than 1 K unless there are special requirements associated with full scale/mock up testing (e.g. solar gain through a window). In any case, the sum of all room heat loads shall be equal to the c
44、ooling capacity of supply air to match the steady state conditions described in 6.2.2. Where high cooling performance is required (high 0), it might not be possible to achieve this with heat loads only on the floor. If this is the case, point heat sources may be used and shall be equally distributed
45、 over the test room floor. The details and locations of such heat loads shall be reported When used for mock-up testing, representation of actual specified heat loads shall be used. 5.3 ATD isothermal characteristics Determination of the ATD isothermal characteristics shall be made according to EN 1
46、2238 including pressure drop, rise, drop, throw and spread. BS EN 16445:2013EN 16445:2013 (E) 8 6 Test to measure the non isothermal air discharge characteristics of a supply ATD 6.1 Installation of ATD Terminal devices can be divided into four broad classes as described in EN 12238: a) Class I Devi
47、ces from which the jet is essentially three dimensional (e.g. conical): Class I.A nozzles; Class I.B grilles and registers; Class I.C ceiling diffusers with vertical discharge. b) Class II Devices from which the jet flows radially along a surface or as a free jet, ceiling diffusers. c) Class III Dev
48、ices from which the jet is essentially two dimensional; linear grilles, slots and linear diffusers. d) Class IV Low velocity air terminal devices; not included in this standard (see EN 12239). The air terminal device shall be installed (using the method recommended by the manufacturer) in the follow
49、ing positions (see Figure 1). BS EN 16445:2013EN 16445:2013 (E) 9 Key 1 Class II 2 Class I.C 3 Class III 4 Class I.B 5 Class I.A 6 Centrelines Figure 1 ATD position for test installation Class IA devices (nozzles) shall be mounted in such a position as to provide the maximum throw with a minimum effect from adjacent boundaries, for example at the centre of one of the smaller test room walls. Class IB devices (grilles and registers) shall be positioned on the centre line of one of the smaller walls of the test room with the in
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