1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16785-1:2015Bio-based products Bio-based contentPart 1: Determination of the bio-basedcontent using the radiocarbon analysis andelemental analysisBS EN 16785-1:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16785-1:2015.The U
2、K participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee MI/2, Bio-based products.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsib
3、le for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 87338 6ICS 13.020.60; 71.040.40Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theSta
4、ndards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16785-1:2015EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16785-1 December 2015 ICS 13.020.60; 71.040.40 English Version Bio-based products - Bio-based content - Part 1: Determi
5、nation of the bio-based content using the radiocarbon analysis and elemental analysis Produits biosourcs - Teneur biosource - Partie 1: Dtermination de la teneur biosource par une analyse au radiocarbone et une analyse lmentaire Biobasierte Produkte - Biobasierter Gehalt - Teil 1: Bestimmung des bio
6、basierten Gehalts unter Verwendung der Radiokarbon- und ElementaranalyseThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 October 2015. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national s
7、tandard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version i
8、n any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
9、Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROP
10、EAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16785-1:2015 EBS
11、EN 16785-1:2015EN 16785-1:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 Symbols and abbreviations . 6 4.1 Symbols . 6 4.2 Abbreviations . 7 5 Principle . 7 5.1 Product groups . 7 5.2 Group I products 7 5.3 Group II prod
12、ucts 7 5.4 Natural products . 8 6 Rules for allocation of elements 8 7 Group I products 8 7.1 Statement . 8 7.2 Sampling . 9 7.3 Determination of the bio-based carbon content and elemental composition 9 7.3.1 Procedure. 9 7.3.2 Variability of test results 9 7.4 Validation criteria of the bio-based c
13、ontent 10 7.5 Examples of application of the decision scheme 12 7.6 Test report 13 8 Group II products . 13 8.1 Statement 13 8.2 Sampling 14 8.3 Determination of the bio based carbon content . 14 8.3.1 Procedure 14 8.3.2 Variability of test results . 14 8.4 Validation criteria of the bio-based conte
14、nt 14 8.5 Example of application of the decision scheme 15 8.6 Test report 16 Annex A (informative) Standardized sampling methods 17 Annex B (informative) Example of format for reporting results for Group I products . 18 Annex C (normative) Calculation of the bio-based carbon content and bio-based c
15、ontent for Group II products . 19 C.1 Calculation of the bio-based carbon content 19 C.2 Calculation of the bio-based content . 19 Annex D (informative) Example of format for reporting results for Group II products 20 Bibliography . 21 BS EN 16785-1:2015EN 16785-1:2015 (E) 3 European foreword This d
16、ocument (EN 16785-1:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 411 “Bio-based products”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 20
17、16, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2016. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
18、EN 16785 consists of the following parts: EN 16785-1, Bio-based products Bio-based content Part 1: Determination of the bio-based content using the radiocarbon analysis and elemental analysis (the present document) EN 16785-2, Bio-based products Bio-based content Part 2: Determination of the bio-bas
19、ed content using the material balance method This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound t
20、o implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, R
21、omania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16785-1:2015EN 16785-1:2015 (E) 4 Introduction Bio-based products from forestry and agriculture have a long history of application, such as paper, board and various chemicals and materials. The last decades
22、have seen the emergence of new bio-based products in the market. Some of the reasons for the increased interest lie in the bio-based products benefits in relation to the depletion of fossil resources and climate change. Bio-based products may also provide additional product functionalities. This has
23、 triggered a wave of innovation with the development of knowledge and technologies allowing new transformation processes and product development. Acknowledging the need for common standards for bio-based products, the European Commission issued Mandate M/492 1), resulting in a series of standards de
24、veloped by CEN/TC 411, with a focus on bio-based products other than food, feed and biomass for energy applications. The standards of CEN/TC 411 “Bio-based products” provide a common basis on the following aspects: Common terminology; Bio-based content determination; Life Cycle Assessment (LCA); Sus
25、tainability aspects; Declaration tools. It is important to understand what the term bio-based product covers and how it is being used. The term bio-based means derived from biomass. Bio-based products (bottles, insulation materials, wood and wood products, paper solvents, chemical intermediates, com
26、posite materials, etc.) are products which are wholly or partly derived from biomass. It is essential to characterize the amount of biomass contained in the product by, for instance, its bio-based content or bio-based carbon content. The bio-based content of a product does not provide information on
27、 its environmental impact or sustainability, which may be assessed through LCA and sustainability criteria. In addition, transparent and unambiguous communication within bio-based value chains is facilitated by a harmonized framework for certification and declaration. The purpose of this European St
28、andard is to provide a method of determining the bio-based content of solid, liquid and gaseous products using the radiocarbon analysis and elemental analysis. Element carbon, C, has an isotope, 14C, which allows for a clear distinction between carbon based substances in present living organisms and
29、 carbon based substances from fossil sources. Due to its radioactive decay, it is almost absent from fossil products older than 20 000 years to 30 000 years. Consequently, if the 14C is present in chemicals, then it originates from recent atmospheric CO2.The 14C content may thus be considered as a t
30、racer of chemicals recently synthesized from atmospheric CO2particularly of recently produced products, and it is used in CEN/TS 16640 for determining the bio-based carbon content. The applied approach for carbon to determine the bio-based content of a sample based on isotopic measurements, cannot b
31、e used for other elements, such as oxygen, nitrogen or hydrogen. However the content of each element can be determined by an elemental analysis which leads to the total content of each element. It does not differentiate the element according to its origin from bio-1) A mandate is a standardization t
32、ask embedded in European trade laws. Mandate M/492 is addressed to the European Standardization bodies, CEN, CENELEC and ETSI, for the development of horizontal European Standards for bio-based products. BS EN 16785-1:2015EN 16785-1:2015 (E) 5 based resources or fossil resources. Therefore, the comb
33、ination of the 14C content determination and an elemental analysis does not give the bio-based content of a sample. To circumvent this difficulty, the method as given in this European Standard is proposed consisting in a statement from the manufacturer, whose values have to be validated by the combi
34、ned results of the radiocarbon and the elemental analysis. BS EN 16785-1:2015EN 16785-1:2015 (E) 6 1 Scope This part of EN 16785 specifies a method of determining the bio-based content in products, based on the radiocarbon analysis and elemental analysis. As a direct analytical determination is not
35、feasible, this method consists in requiring from the producer or his representative some data given in a statement, and comparing these data with the results of the radiocarbon and elemental analysis. This European Standard is applicable to any solid, liquid and gaseous product containing carbon, pr
36、ovided that a statement is available about the elemental composition and the bio-based content of the product(s). This method is not needed for the determination of the bio-based content in natural products wholly derived from biomass. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in p
37、art, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 16575:2014, Bio-based products Vocabulary CEN
38、/TS 16640:2014, Bio-based products Determination of the bio based carbon content of products using the radiocarbon method 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16575:2014 and CEN/TS 16640:2014 apply. 4 Symbols and abbreviations 4.1 Symbols 1
39、4C carbon isotope with an atomic mass of 14 C symbol for element carbon H symbol for element hydrogen N symbol for element nitrogen O symbol for element oxygen mBbio-based content, expressed as a percentage of the total mass of sample xBbio-based carbon content, expressed as a percentage of the tota
40、l mass of the sample xTCtotal carbon content, expressed as a percentage of the total mass of the sample xTHtotal hydrogen content, expressed as a percentage of the total mass of the sample xTNtotal nitrogen content, expressed as a percentage of the total mass of the sample xTOtotal oxygen content, e
41、xpressed as a percentage of the total mass of the sample W mass of a sample, expressed in grams BS EN 16785-1:2015EN 16785-1:2015 (E) 7 4.2 Abbreviations CL confidence level TC total carbon TH total hydrogen TN total nitrogen TO total oxygen 5 Principle 5.1 Product groups For the purpose of this Eur
42、opean Standard, two groups of products are distinguished depending on whether they are obtained by chemical synthesis (Group I) or without chemical synthesis (Group II). Group I products are obtained by chemical or biological reaction(s). Group II products are obtained by mixing Group I products wit
43、hout chemical or biological reaction. Natural products (5.4) can be used to produce Group I products or as constituent(s) of Group II products. 5.2 Group I products This method, supported by rules described in Clause 6, consists in: a) the determination of the bio-based carbon content and elemental
44、composition of the product by using the radiocarbon analysis and elemental analysis respectively (7.3), and b) the comparison between: 1) the data of the statement (7.1) comprising the composition and the origin (bio-based and/or fossil resources) of the product, and 2) the data resulting from the r
45、adiocarbon analysis and elemental analysis of the product (7.3). 5.3 Group II products This method consists in: a) the determination of the bio-based carbon content of the product by using the radiocarbon analysis (8.3), and b) the comparison between: 1) the data of the statement (8.1) comprising th
46、e composition and the origin (bio-based and/or fossil resources) of the product, and 2) the data resulting from the radiocarbon analysis of the product (8.3). NOTE The “statement” in the sense of this document is not to be confused with the “declaration” of the bio-based content resulting of this me
47、thod. BS EN 16785-1:2015EN 16785-1:2015 (E) 8 5.4 Natural products It is not needed to apply this method for the determination of the bio-based content in natural products wholly derived from biomass e.g. wood (including pulp), flax, hemp, bamboo, sisal, coconut, rice. The bio-based content of a nat
48、ural product/constituent of a product is equal to 100 %. The bio-based carbon content of a natural product/constituent of a product, expressed as a percentage of the total carbon content is equal to 100 %. 6 Rules for allocation of elements NOTE 1 According to the current state of the art, it is not
49、 possible by isotopic measurements to establish a distinction between elements originating from biomass and elements originating from non-biomass, for elements such as oxygen, hydrogen or nitrogen. For a product/constituent of a product obtained by chemical synthesis (Group I), the following rule shall be applied: a) if the reactants are exclusively derived from biomass, the bio-based content of the product/constituent of the product is 100 %; b) if none of the reactants is derived from biomass, the bio-based content of the product/constituent
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