1、BS EN 16807:2016Liquid petroleum products Bio-lubricants Criteria andrequirements of bio-lubricantsand bio-based lubricantsBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN 16807:2016 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation
2、 of EN 16807:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee MCE/18/-/16, Hydraulic fluids.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a c
3、ontract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 87894 7ICS 75.100Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the auth
4、ority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2016.Amendments/Corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16807:2016EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 16807 October 2016 ICS 75.100 English Version Liquid petroleum products - Bio-lubricants - Crite
5、ria and requirements of bio-lubricants and bio-based lubricants Produits ptroliers liquides - Bio-lubrifiants - Critres et exigences sur les bio-lubrifiants et lubrifiants dorigines biologiques Flssige Minerall-Erzeugnisse - Bio-Schmierstoffe - Kriterien und Anforderungen fr Bio-Schmierstoffe und bi
6、o-basierte Schmierstoffe This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 May 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists an
7、d bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
8、responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugosla
9、v Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE
10、 NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 16807:2016 EBS EN 16807:2016EN 16807:2016 2 Contents Page European
11、foreword . 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions . 8 4 Sampling . 8 5 Test methods 9 5.1 Biodegradation 9 5.2 Ecotoxicity . 9 5.3 Bio-based carbon content . 10 5.4 Fit for purpose / Fit for use. 11 6 Criteria and minimum requirements for Bio-Lubricants and Bio-b
12、ased Lubricants . 11 6.1 General . 11 6.2 Bio-based content 12 6.3 Biodegradability . 12 6.4 Ecotoxicity 12 6.5 Performance 12 Annex A (informative) Test methods for determining 14C content . 13 Annex B (normative) Bio-lubricants - groups of application 14 Bibliography . 18 BS EN 16807:2016EN 16807:
13、2016 3 European foreword This document (EN 16807:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the stat
14、us of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
15、 of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. Mandate M/430 covers the development of European standards for bio-lubr
16、icants in relation to bio-based product aspects. It has been prepared by CEN/TC 19/WG 33 “Bio-Lubricants”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European
17、Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia
18、, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 16807:2016EN 16807:2016 4 Introduction General technical specifications for the different types of lubricants, the test methods and criteria for performance are well defined compared to characteristics of the relatively new class of
19、bio-lubricants. Despite the great interest in environmentally compatible lubricants, the lack of standards and technical language describing these fluids and greases has impeded the growth of the market for these types of lubricants. Standards and definitions are only available for single groups of
20、lubricants, for example for hydraulic fluids (ISO 15380 1, some Ecolabels). However, a general, non-contentious and well-accepted description and definition including biodegradability, renewability and aquatic toxicity, consistently valid for all kinds of lubricants, still is missing. The “bio-“pref
21、ix is often considered as a synonym of good for the environment, or in another situation, good for health. The prefix, when associated with lubricants, can be perceived by the consumers as an indication of biodegradability. In other words, a “bio-lubricant” is expected to biodegrade (to break down i
22、n the environment), needed for instance in case of leakages or technically intended losses. In addition, the use of bio-based raw materials could be beneficial with reference to two current problems: fossil resources depletion and climate change. Today, regarding the latter issue, we have to manage
23、the carbon in order to avoid its accumulation in the atmosphere. Efficient use of all available resources and responsible utilization of renewable carbon is a way to participate in this reduction; the prefix “bio” in this sense is taken as an indication of the biological circle. Further detailed inf
24、ormation is given in CEN/TR 16227 2. Lubricants are important materials which contribute significantly to efficient use of resources: thanks to their tailor-made properties they reduce energy losses and wear in machines and aggregates. The global manufacture of lubricants in all applications only us
25、es a small part of the entire consumed mineral oil: in Europe, it makes up only about 1 %. The major fraction (80 %) of the residual fossil material is used for energy production, predominantly for transportation and heating purposes. Besides crude oil, biomass is an additional raw material source f
26、or lubricants. The currently available biomass is consumed in different segments: food and feed production, power and heat generation, biofuel production and industrial applications (e.g. production of paper, fine chemicals). Due to the limited capacity of ecosystems, the utilization efficiency of b
27、iomass and availability issues have to be addressed across the whole bio-economy landscape. The eco-efficiency in this competitive use (e.g. energetic use vs. manufacture of goods) should always be in focus. Today it is mostly acknowledged that it would appear appropriate to use agricultural raw mat
28、erials predominantly in a cascade of uses, instead of burning them directly in furnaces or engines. That would mean, for example, first producing a bio-lubricant from biomass: around 1 t to 2 t of bio-lubricants can be produced per hectare of agriculture land. The bio-lubricant thereby stores carbon
29、 dioxide in the form of vegetable carbon and removes it from atmosphere. It would be desirable to trap this carbon dioxide in the lubricant for as long as possible. Finally, after maximum utilization including recycling when achievable and appropriate, the lubricant can then be used either as energy
30、 source or after re-refining as downshifted base oil to return the bound carbon to the natural cycle in the form of carbon dioxide. In order to ensure responsible and environmentally conscious use of natural (fossil and renewable) resources, a clear and unambiguous terminology is of particular impor
31、tance. The approach which is published in this European Standard is focused on the view of the customer: Are the referred criteria for “bio-lubricants” potentially provable for the formulated product? The statement of this document is: Every announcement with regard to biodegradability, toxicity and
32、 renewability should be measurable through the final product in the hands of the customer. It has to be stated that this approach, based on testing of mixtures, is in principle complementary to the basics of the chemicals policy in Europe, which is focused on testing of single components and not on
33、BS EN 16807:2016EN 16807:2016 5 testing of mixtures. Hence, adverse effects in humans and/or the environment are considered for specific chemicals but not for the mixture made of them. However, it has to be stated that the combination of well-tested single components in a mixture can generate synerg
34、istic or antagonistic effects. Even if biodegradability or bioaccumulation tests for mixtures maybe difficult to interpret, the view on the mixture is the view of the end-user. Thus, the approach of this standard is meaningful for business-to-consumer communication. Adverse effects of single compone
35、nts are generally acknowledged and documented in the Safety Data Sheet for the mixture, according to the Classification, Labelling and Packaging Regulation 3. Finally, this approach intends to enhance the reputation of “bio-lubricants” and the confidence of the customer in this product group. The cr
36、iteria and requirements for “bio-lubricants” published in this document are intended as horizontal requirements for all kinds of bio-based lubricants, and should be seen as minimum requirements compared to the European Ecolabel for Lubricants (EEL) 4. The lubricants base oils can be made from both b
37、iomass and fossil resources. Lubricants made from biomass can be rapidly, slowly, or not biodegradable; their base oils can be natural (unchanged renewable material) or synthetic (chemically modified biomass). Bio-lubricants can be a combination of both natural and synthetic base oils. All the diffe
38、rent examples shown in Table 1 are present in the marketplace today and use the term “bio”. This is a cause of concern as it can be the source of misleading information and confusion for the final consumers. The dissemination of confusing, ambiguous or misleading information should be prevented in o
39、rder not to jeopardize the success of such schemes as well as the credibility of industry itself this is the aim of this European Standard. Table 1 Examples for the use of the term “bio” with regard to lubricants Origin of material Biodegradability Example Occasional wording for the prefix “bio-” Re
40、newable Rapidly biodegradableaRapeseed oil, Tri-methylol-propane-trioleate (TMP-O) Biodegradableaand bio-basedbNon-renewable BiodegradableaDi-isotridecyl-adipate (DITA) BiodegradableaRenewable Inherently or non biodegradable Hydrocarbons from process “Biomass-to-Liquid” (BtL) Bio-basedbNon-renewable
41、 Non biodegradable White oil for foodgrade lubricants Biocompatible aAccording to OECD 3015. bAccording to EN 16575. NOTE In addition, consideration of soil dwelling organisms could be reflected in a future edition. Even if in a more general approach “environmentally compatible lubricants” can be se
42、en under additional aspects, up to a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), this European Standard focuses on the term bio-lubricant, which comprises requirements regarding biodegradability, aquatic toxicity, content of biomass and performance. BS EN 16807:2016EN 16807:2016 6 The initial issue o
43、f this standard is the qualification of the term “bio-based product” with regard to lubricants. Since the bio-based content of a lubricant is not acknowledged as an adequate attribute per se, the combination with other environmentally relevant aspects like biodegradability and aquatic toxicity is ob
44、vious. Similarly, the historical view on “bio-lubricants” only in relation to biodegradability shall be extended to aspects of renewable, biological resources. Hence, this standard combines both the term “bio-based lubricant” and the term “bio-lubricant”, and to avoid misunderstandings, both terms a
45、re seen as equivalent according to this standard. BS EN 16807:2016EN 16807:2016 7 1 Scope This European Standard specifies the term bio-lubricant and minimum requirements for all kinds of bio-lubricants and bio-based lubricants, while e.g. the EEL 4 refers to specific bio-lubricant families. This Eu
46、ropean Standard also briefly describes relevant test method needs with respect to the characterization of bio-lubricants. It presents recommendation for related standards in the field of biodegradability, product functionality and the amount of different renewable raw materials and/or different bio-
47、based contents used during manufacturing of such bio-lubricants forming one product group. WARNING Not all potential risks for the environment can be addressed by this standard. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are i
48、ndispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. CEN/TS 16640:2014, Bio-based products - Determination of the bio based carbon content of products using th
49、e radiocarbon method EN 16575, Bio-based products - Vocabulary EN ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids - Manual sampling (ISO 3170) EN ISO 6341, Water quality - Determination of the inhibition of the mobility of Daphnia magna Straus (Cladocera, Crustacea) - Acute toxicity test (ISO 6341) EN ISO 7346-1, Water quality - Determination of the acute lethal toxicity of substances to a freshwater fish (Brachydanio rerio Hamilton-Buchanan (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) - Part 1: Static method (ISO 7346-1) EN ISO 8692, Water quality - Fresh water algal growth inhibit
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