BS EN 16909-2017 Ambient air Measurement of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) collected on filters《环境空气 过滤器收集元素碳(EC)和有机碳(OC)的测量》.pdf

1、BS EN 16909:2017Ambient air Measurementof elemental carbon (EC) andorganic carbon (OC) collectedon filtersBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 16909:2017 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 16909:2017. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted

2、to TechnicalCommittee EH/2/3, Ambient atmospheres.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British

3、Standards Institution 2017.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 88244 9 ICS 13.040.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2

4、017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS EN 16909:2017g3g3g3g8g24g21g18g19g8g4g17g3g22g23g4g17g7g4g21g7g3g17g18g21g16g8g3g8g24g21g18g19g50g8g17g17g8g3g8g24g21g18g19g34g12g22g6g11g8g3g17g18g21g16g3EN 16909 g3 g3g3 g16g131g148g133g138g3g884g882g883g889g3g12g6g22g3g883g885

5、g484g882g886g882g484g884g882g3g8g144g137g142g139g149g138g3g25g135g148g149g139g145g144g3g3g4g143g132g139g135g144g150g3g131g139g148g3g486g3g16g135g131g149g151g148g135g143g135g144g150g3g145g136g3g135g142g135g143g135g144g150g131g142g3g133g131g148g132g145g144g3g523g8g6g524g3g131g144g134g3g145g148g137g131

6、g144g139g133g3g133g131g148g132g145g144g3g523g18g6g524g3g133g145g142g142g135g133g150g135g134g3g145g144g3g136g139g142g150g135g148g149g3g4g139g148g3g131g143g132g139g131g144g150g3g486g3g16g135g149g151g148g131g137g135g3g134g151g3g133g131g148g132g145g144g135g3g177g142g177g143g135g144g150g131g139g148g135g3

7、g523g8g6g524g3g135g150g3g134g151g3g133g131g148g132g145g144g135g3g145g148g137g131g144g139g147g151g135g3g523g18g6g524g3g146g148g177g142g135g152g177g149g3g149g151g148g3g136g139g142g150g148g135g3g3 g4g151g233g135g144g142g151g136g150g3g486g3g16g135g149g149g151g144g137g3g152g145g144g3g131g151g136g3g9g139g

8、142g150g135g148g144g3g131g132g137g135g149g133g138g139g135g134g135g144g135g143g3g135g142g135g143g135g144g150g131g148g135g143g3g14g145g138g142g135g144g149g150g145g136g136g3g523g8g6g524g3g151g144g134g3g145g148g137g131g144g139g149g133g138g3g137g135g132g151g144g134g135g144g135g143g3g14g145g138g142g135g14

9、4g149g150g145g136g136g3g523g18g6g524g3g23g138g139g149g3g8g151g148g145g146g135g131g144g3g22g150g131g144g134g131g148g134g3g153g131g149g3g131g146g146g148g145g152g135g134g3g132g155g3g6g8g17g3g145g144g3g884g3g13g131g144g151g131g148g155g3g884g882g883g889g484g3g3g3g6g8g17g3g143g135g143g132g135g148g149g3g13

10、1g148g135g3g132g145g151g144g134g3g150g145g3g133g145g143g146g142g155g3g153g139g150g138g3g150g138g135g3g6g8g17g512g6g8g17g8g15g8g6g3g12g144g150g135g148g144g131g142g3g21g135g137g151g142g131g150g139g145g144g149g3g153g138g139g133g138g3g149g150g139g146g151g142g131g150g135g3g150g138g135g3g133g145g144g134g1

11、39g150g139g145g144g149g3g136g145g148g3g137g139g152g139g144g137g3g150g138g139g149g3g8g151g148g145g146g135g131g144g3g22g150g131g144g134g131g148g134g3g150g138g135g3g149g150g131g150g151g149g3g145g136g3g131g3g144g131g150g139g145g144g131g142g3g149g150g131g144g134g131g148g134g3g153g139g150g138g145g151g150g

12、3g131g144g155g3g131g142g150g135g148g131g150g139g145g144g484g3g24g146g486g150g145g486g134g131g150g135g3g142g139g149g150g149g3g131g144g134g3g132g139g132g142g139g145g137g148g131g146g138g139g133g131g142g3g148g135g136g135g148g135g144g133g135g149g3g133g145g144g133g135g148g144g139g144g137g3g149g151g133g138

13、g3g144g131g150g139g145g144g131g142g3g149g150g131g144g134g131g148g134g149g3g143g131g155g3g132g135g3g145g132g150g131g139g144g135g134g3g145g144g3g131g146g146g142g139g133g131g150g139g145g144g3g150g145g3g150g138g135g3g6g8g17g486g6g8g17g8g15g8g6g3g16g131g144g131g137g135g143g135g144g150g3g6g135g144g150g148

14、g135g3g145g148g3g150g145g3g131g144g155g3g6g8g17g3g143g135g143g132g135g148g484g3g3g23g138g139g149g3g8g151g148g145g146g135g131g144g3g22g150g131g144g134g131g148g134g3g135g154g139g149g150g149g3g139g144g3g150g138g148g135g135g3g145g136g136g139g133g139g131g142g3g152g135g148g149g139g145g144g149g3g523g8g144g

15、137g142g139g149g138g481g3g9g148g135g144g133g138g481g3g10g135g148g143g131g144g524g484g3g4g3g152g135g148g149g139g145g144g3g139g144g3g131g144g155g3g145g150g138g135g148g3g142g131g144g137g151g131g137g135g3g143g131g134g135g3g132g155g3g150g148g131g144g149g142g131g150g139g145g144g3g151g144g134g135g148g3g150

16、g138g135g3g148g135g149g146g145g144g149g139g132g139g142g139g150g155g3g145g136g3g131g3g6g8g17g3g143g135g143g132g135g148g3g139g144g150g145g3g139g150g149g3g145g153g144g3g142g131g144g137g151g131g137g135g3g131g144g134g3g144g145g150g139g136g139g135g134g3g150g145g3g150g138g135g3g6g8g17g486g6g8g17g8g15g8g6g3

17、g16g131g144g131g137g135g143g135g144g150g3g6g135g144g150g148g135g3g138g131g149g3g150g138g135g3g149g131g143g135g3g149g150g131g150g151g149g3g131g149g3g150g138g135g3g145g136g136g139g133g139g131g142g3g152g135g148g149g139g145g144g149g484g3g3g6g8g17g3g143g135g143g132g135g148g149g3g131g148g135g3g150g138g135

18、g3g144g131g150g139g145g144g131g142g3g149g150g131g144g134g131g148g134g149g3g132g145g134g139g135g149g3g145g136g3g4g151g149g150g148g139g131g481g3g5g135g142g137g139g151g143g481g3g5g151g142g137g131g148g139g131g481g3g6g148g145g131g150g139g131g481g3g6g155g146g148g151g149g481g3g6g156g135g133g138g3g21g135g14

19、6g151g132g142g139g133g481g3g7g135g144g143g131g148g141g481g3g8g149g150g145g144g139g131g481g3g9g139g144g142g131g144g134g481g3g9g145g148g143g135g148g3g28g151g137g145g149g142g131g152g3g21g135g146g151g132g142g139g133g3g145g136g3g16g131g133g135g134g145g144g139g131g481g3g9g148g131g144g133g135g481g3g10g135g

20、148g143g131g144g155g481g3g10g148g135g135g133g135g481g3g11g151g144g137g131g148g155g481g3g12g133g135g142g131g144g134g481g3g12g148g135g142g131g144g134g481g3g12g150g131g142g155g481g3g15g131g150g152g139g131g481g3g15g139g150g138g151g131g144g139g131g481g3g15g151g154g135g143g132g145g151g148g137g481g3g16g131

21、g142g150g131g481g3g17g135g150g138g135g148g142g131g144g134g149g481g3g17g145g148g153g131g155g481g3g19g145g142g131g144g134g481g3g19g145g148g150g151g137g131g142g481g3g21g145g143g131g144g139g131g481g3g22g135g148g132g139g131g481g3g22g142g145g152g131g141g139g131g481g3g22g142g145g152g135g144g139g131g481g3g2

22、2g146g131g139g144g481g3g22g153g135g134g135g144g481g3g22g153g139g150g156g135g148g142g131g144g134g481g3g23g151g148g141g135g155g3g131g144g134g3g24g144g139g150g135g134g3g14g139g144g137g134g145g143g484g3g3g3g3g3g8g24g21g18g19g8g4g17g3g6g18g16g16g12g23g23g8g8g3g9g18g21g3g22g23g4g17g7g4g21g7g12g29g4g23g12g

23、18g17g3g6g18g16g12g23g50g3g8g24g21g18g19g50g8g17g3g7g8g3g17g18g21g16g4g15g12g22g4g23g12g18g17g3g8g24g21g18g19g34g12g22g6g11g8g22g3g14g18g16g12g23g8g8g3g9g111g21g3g17g18g21g16g24g17g10g3g3g3g3CEN-CENELECg3Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels g825g3g884g882g883g889g3g6g8g17g3 g4g142g14

24、2g3g148g139g137g138g150g149g3g145g136g3g135g154g146g142g145g139g150g131g150g139g145g144g3g139g144g3g131g144g155g3g136g145g148g143g3g131g144g134g3g132g155g3g131g144g155g3g143g135g131g144g149g3g148g135g149g135g148g152g135g134g3g153g145g148g142g134g153g139g134g135g3g136g145g148g3g6g8g17g3g144g131g150g1

25、39g145g144g131g142g3g16g135g143g132g135g148g149g484g3g21g135g136g484g3g17g145g484g3g8g17g3g883g888g891g882g891g483g884g882g883g889g3g8BS EN 16909:2017EN 16909:2017 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 5 Introduction 6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 7 3

26、.1 Terms and definitions . 7 3.2 Abbreviations and acronyms 8 4 Principle . 9 5 Materials and instruments 9 5.1 Materials . 9 5.1.1 Gases 9 5.1.2 Standard solution 9 5.1.3 Other materials 9 5.2 Instruments . 9 5.2.1 Sampling instruments . 9 5.2.2 Analytical instruments 9 6 Sampling 10 6.1 Filter mat

27、erial . 10 6.2 Preheating of filter material and handling . 10 6.3 Sampling duration and frequency 10 6.4 Field sampling and type of sampler 11 6.5 Site types . 11 6.6 Filter environment during sampling. 11 7 Transport and storage 11 7.1 Handling 11 7.2 Time and temperature limits . 11 8 Analysis 11

28、 8.1 General . 11 8.2 Thermal protocol . 12 9 Artefacts and interferences 13 9.1 General . 13 9.2 Sampling 13 9.3 Transport and storage 13 9.4 Analysis 14 10 Quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) . 14 10.1 QA/QC for sampling parameters 14 10.2 Field blank determination 14 10.3 Laboratory blank d

29、etermination . 15 10.4 Calibration for TC . 15 10.5 Long term stability and repeatability . 15 10.6 Other-QA/QC checks . 15 10.6.1 Use of quality control filters . 15 10.6.2 Calibration gas injections 16 BS EN 16909:2017g8g17g3g883g888g891g882g891g483g884g882g883g889g3g525g8g5262BS EN 16909:2017EN 1

30、6909:2017 (E) 3 10.6.3 Calibration and checks on temperature sensors and optical systems 16 10.6.4 Stability of the laser signal 16 10.7 Applicable concentration range 16 11 Calculation of concentrations of EC and OC . 17 12 Data recording . 17 13 Determination of measurement uncertainty . 18 Annex

31、A (informative) Example of a logbook information . 21 Annex B (informative) An example of a standard operating procedure for analysing EC and OC 22 B.1 General . 22 B.2 Start-up . 22 B.3 Cleaning the system . 23 B.4 Running the instrument blank . 23 B.5 Running an external calibration standard 23 B.

32、6 Running an external long term calibration standard 24 B.7 Running a EC/OC control sample and routine samples 26 B.8 Shutdown of instrument 26 Annex C (informative) Methods for the assessment of carbonate carbon 28 Annex D (informative) Preparation of stock sucrose solutions and calibration standar

33、ds . 30 Annex E (informative) Example for the determination of measurement uncertainty . 31 Annex F (informative) Statistical analysis of Organic Carbon (OC), Elemental Carbon (EC) and Total Carbon (TC) concentrations collected on filters from field validation exercise 34 F.1 General . 34 F.2 Analys

34、is methodology . 34 F.2.1 General . 34 F.2.2 Calculating between- and within-laboratory variability 35 F.2.2.1 Notation 35 F.2.2.2 Data processing . 35 F.2.2.3 Outlier rejection 35 F.2.2.4 Data normalization 36 F.2.2.5 Analysis of variance . 37 F.2.2.6 Calculation of standard deviations . 37 F.2.3 C

35、alculating between-sampler variability . 38 F.2.3.1 Notation 38 F.2.3.2 Data processing . 38 F.2.4 Combined standard uncertainty . 39 F.3 Remarks . 39 BS EN 16909:2017g8g17g3g883g888g891g882g891g483g884g882g883g889g3g525g8g5263BS EN 16909:2017EN 16909:2017 (E) 4 F.4 Results 39 F.4.1 Data set 1 Betwe

36、en laboratory and internal laboratory variability . 39 F.4.2 Data set 2 Between sampler variability 41 F.4.3 Data set 3a Site specific ranking 42 F.4.4 Data set 3B - Uncertainty over the measured concentration range. 47 Annex G (informative) Good example for an instrument blank laser signal for EUSA

37、AR2 54 Figure G.1 Good example for an instrument blank laser signal for EUSAAR2 including 3 % uncertainty limits 54 Bibliography . 55 BS EN 16909:2017g8g17g3g883g888g891g882g891g483g884g882g883g889g3g525g8g5264BS EN 16909:2017EN 16909:2017 (E) 5 European foreword This document (EN 16909:2017) has be

38、en prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2017, and conflicting national stand

39、ards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mand

40、ate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Re

41、public, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kin

42、gdom. BS EN 16909:2017g8g17g3g883g888g891g882g891g483g884g882g883g889g3g525g8g5265BS EN 16909:2017EN 16909:2017 (E) 6 Introduction For air quality across the European Union to be assessed on a consistent basis, Member States need to employ standard measurement techniques and procedures. The aim of t

43、his European Standard is to present guidance on the measurement procedures to be followed when monitoring elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) collected on filters, following Council Directive 2008/50/EC on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe 1. This requires the chemical speciat

44、ion of the sub-2,5 m size fraction of suspended particulate matter (PM2,5) in ambient air, as described in Annex IV. The method set out in this European Standard provides operational definitions of the measured quantities. Currently no traceable primary reference materials are available for EC and O

45、C analysis and no absolute scientific distinction between EC and OC is possible. BS EN 16909:2017g8g17g3g883g888g891g882g891g483g884g882g883g889g3g525g8g5266BS EN 16909:2017EN 16909:2017 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard is applicable for the measurement of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbo

46、n (OC) following the requirement for all EU member states to measure EC and OC in particulate matter from June 2010 at background sites according to the Council Directive 2008/50/EC on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe 1. This European Standard describes the analytical procedures for de

47、termining EC and OC on quartz fibre g136g139g142g150g135g148g149g3g131g149g3g586g137g512g133g1432, and the subsequent calculation of concentrations as g/m3. Sampling onto filters is to be done in accordance with EN 12341:2014 for PM2,5. The sampling process determines the size fraction of the partic

48、ulate matter, the retention of semi-volatile material, and uptake/loss of volatile organic compounds on the filter at the time of sampling. The same analysis method may also be used for smaller size fractions than PM2,5. Any possible additional artefacts for larger particles, e.g. pyrolysis or highe

49、r concentrations of carbonates, should be assessed. The scope includes rural background and urban background sites. The measurement method can also be applied to other site types, provided that the measurement range given below is not exceeded. The use of this standard at all site types allows the assessment of additional exposure of people in urban areas as stated in the objectives of the council directive and to achieve coherence in the European approach. The applicable concentration range of the proposed method is limited by the optical correction and instrument applied i