1、| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 50195 : 1997 The Eu
2、ropean Standard EN 50195 : 1996 has the status of a British Standard ICS 29.180 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW Code of practice for the safe use of fully enclosed askarel-filled electrical equipmentBS EN 50195 : 1997 This British Standard, having been prepared
3、 under the direction of the Electrotechnical Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 June 1997 BSI 1997 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PEL/14 Draft for comment 94/208971 DC ISBN 0 580 27
4、602 3 Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affected Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee PEL/14, Power transformers, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Consulting
5、 Engineers British Cable Makers Confederation British Pump Manufacturers Association British Railways Board Electricity Association Institution of Plant Engineers Transmission and Distribution Association (BEAMA Limited)BS EN 50195 : 1997 BSI 1997 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front
6、cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Text of EN 50195 3ii BSI 1997 BS EN 50195 : 1997 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee PEL/14, and is the English language version of EN 50195 : 1996 Code of practice for the safe use of fully enclosed askarel-filled el
7、ectrical equipment, published by the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC). This British Standard is published under the direction of the Electrotechnical Sector Board whose Technical Committee PEL/14 has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; presen
8、t to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. NOTE. International and European Standards, as well as overseas stand
9、ards, are available from Customer Services, BSI, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, the EN title page, page
10、s 2 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover.CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comite Europe en de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europa isches Komitee fu r Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B-1050 Brussels 1996 Copyright reserved to
11、 CENELEC members Ref. No. EN 50195 : 1996 E EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 50195 NORME EUROPE ENNE EUROPA ISCHE NORM December 1996 ICS 29.180 Descriptors: Electrical equipment, liquid electrical insulating materials, askarel, polychlorobiphenyl, contamination, environmental protection, warning notices, accide
12、nt prevention, safety, safety measures, labelling, hazards, defects, accidents, fire, first aid, hygiene English version Code of practice for the safe use of fully enclosed askarel-filled electrical equipment Code pour la se curite demploi des mate riels e lectriques totalement clos remplis daskarel
13、s Leitlinie fu r die Praxis zum sicheren Umgang mit vollsta ndig gekapselten, mit PCB befu llten elektrischen Betriebsmitteln This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 1996-07-02. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for
14、 giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three offic
15、ial versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical c
16、ommittees of Austria, Belgium, Denmark Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.Page 2 EN 50195 : 1996 BSI 1997 Foreword This European Standard was prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC T
17、C 14, Power transformers, based on a contribution of the cooperating Partner UNIPEDE. The text of the draft was submitted to the formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 50195 on 1996-07-02. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by p
18、ublication of an identical national standard or by endorsement(dop) 1997-06-01; latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow)1997-06-01. For products which have complied with the relevant national standard before 1997-06-01, as shown by the manufactur
19、er or by a certification body, this previous standard may continue to apply for production until 2002-06-01. Annexes designated normative are part of the body of the standard. Annexes designated informative are given for information only. In this standard, annexes A and B are informative and annex C
20、 is normative. Contents Page Foreword 2 Introduction 3 1 Scope 3 2 Definitions 3 3 Identification of askarels 3 4 Site design and construction 4 5 Labelling 4 6 Pollution of the environment 4 7 Personal protective equipment 5 8 Operation and maintenance 5 9 Incidents 6 10 Fire 6 11 First-aid and hyg
21、iene 7 12 Retrofilling of transformers 7 13 Disposal procedures 8 14 Transportation 8 15 Records 8 Annexes A (informative) Some typical trade names for askarels 9 B (informative) Cases of use of personal protective equipment 10 C (normative) Special national conditions 11Page 3 EN 50195 : 1996 BSI 1
22、997 Introduction Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are synthetic liquids which have been used throughout the world since the 1930s. In the electrical industry, they have been used, sometimes in combination with chlorobenzenes, as insulating and cooling liquids in power transformers and capacitors whe
23、re low flammability is of prime importance. The generic term askarels is applied to such liquids and is used in this document for insulating liquids having PCBs as a major constituent. Askarels have good electrical and thermal properties, and are chemically stable. However, they also possess a numbe
24、r of potential environmental disadvantages: being persistent in the environment and resistant to chemical and biological decomposition. They also bioaccumulate: tending to accumulate up the food chain. Furthermore, potential environmental problems can arise should askarels be involved in uncontrolle
25、d fire conditions; the consequences are such that restrictions may have to be placed on future access to the fire-affected areas. A list of some typical trade names for askarels is included in annex A. 1 Scope This Code of Practice gives guidance to users of fully enclosed askarel-filled electrical
26、equipment. National and local authority regulations (if any) take priority. This Code of Practice is applicable to fully enclosed electrical equipment which is designed to be filled with askarels: i.e. askarel-filled electrical equipment. This Code of Practice is applicable to electrical equipment w
27、hich contains more than five litres of askarels. This Code of Practice gives guidance on the precautions to be observed to avoid pollution of the environment by the correct installation, maintenance, operation, storage and transportation of askarel-filled electrical equipment. This Code of Practice
28、gives guidance on the safety precautions to be taken when handling askarels, the disposal of askarel-contaminated waste and on the retrofilling of transformers with an acceptable replacement liquid. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this Code of Practice, the following definitions apply. 2.1 askarel
29、s A generic term for low flammability insulating liquids having polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as a major constituent, with or without the addition of polychlorinated benzenes. 2.2 askarel-filled equipment Equipment containing askarels which is designed to be filled with askarels as the insulating
30、 and/or cooling liquid. 2.3 contaminated with PCBs Having a PCB content greater than 50 mg/kg. 2.4 equipment Fully enclosed electrical equipment, except for small volume electrical equipment. 2.5 fully enclosed Completely encapsulated, closed circuit, not generally open to the atmosphere, but not ex
31、cluding a breather or pressure relief device. 2.6 insulating liquid A liquid with negligibly low electrical conductivity, used to separate conducting parts at different electrical potentials. 2.7 polychlorinated benzenes An insulating and/or cooling liquid consisting of a mixture of several isomeric
32、 and homologous compounds, obtained by replacement of at least three or four atoms of hydrogen in the benzene molecule with chlorine atoms. 2.8 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) An insulating and/or cooling liquid consisting of a mixture of several isomeric and homologous compounds, obtained by repla
33、cement of at least two atoms of hydrogen in the biphenyl molecule with chlorine atoms. 2.9 retrofilled equipment Equipment which contained askarels and has been subject to retrofilling. 2.10 retrofilling All operations designed to replace the askarels by a suitable substitute insulating and/or cooli
34、ng liquid not containing PCBs. 2.11 small volume Not greater than five litres. 2.12 water systems Systems which include: a) effluent systems, e.g. drains, sewers, etc.; b) water courses, e.g. ditches, streams, canals, rivers, lakes, etc.; c) water storage systems, e.g. reservoirs, etc. 3 Identificat
35、ion of askarels The normal point of identification of askarels is the manufacturers rating plate. Annex A identifies some typical trade names. In case of doubt, the original manufacturer may be consulted or the liquid may be suitably analysed.Page 4 EN 50195 : 1996 BSI 1997 4 Site design and constru
36、ction 4.1 General Precautions to prevent pollution of the environment should be taken into account at the design and construction stage (see clause 6, Pollution of the environment). For existing sites, these precautions should be implemented where reasonably practicable. Where equipment containing a
37、skarels is installed, adequate arrangements should be constructed to contain all spillage and prevent any waste products from reaching water systems. Adequate bunding of all areas containing askarels is of prime importance. A retention tank or drip tray of adequate capacity may be used. These bunded
38、 areas should not be rendered ineffective by ingress of rain water. 4.2 Surface sealants Bund floors and walls likely to become contaminated with askarels may be sealed with a suitable sealant. This protective measure will make it unnecessary to remove and dispose of any contaminated brickwork or ce
39、ment items. Gaps at cable entry points and other openings should be sealed with a suitable sealant. It has been found to be impracticable to chemically treat gravel or chippings etc., beneath askarel-filled equipment. Consequently, any askarel-contaminated chippings or soil should be removed and dis
40、posed of as described in clause 13, Disposal procedures. 4.3 Electrical protection Electrical protection should be provided, designed to be suitable to protect the askarel-filled equipment against internal faults and high through-faults, in order to minimize excessive stresses. 4.4 Mechanical protec
41、tion All askarel-filled equipment and areas where spares are stored should be adequately protected against mechanical damage, e.g., by fork lift trucks, etc., if such damage is possible. 4.5 Storage Storage areas containing askarels should not have drains which could cause pollution of the environme
42、nt. Spare askarels containers and equipment containing askarels in storage should be controlled to prevent accidental spillage or personal contact with askarels. Askarels or askarel-filled equipment should be stored away from other insulating liquids and any flammable substances, in such a way to mi
43、nimize the risk of fire. All storage areas should be secured, suitably labelled and protected from the effects of precipitation. Similar precautions as those described in 4.1 to 4.4 should also be taken. 4.6 Ventilation Where askarel-filled equipment is installed indoors, the room should have adequa
44、te ventilation which is separate and independent from other areas of the building. If not possible, the ventilation system may be designed to close down in case of fire. 5 Labelling 5.1 Labelling of askarels The following should be labelled: a) askarel-filled equipment; b) compounds containing askar
45、el-filled equipment; c) temporary storage areas containing askarel-filled equipment; d) containers containing askarels as spare or waste; e) containers containing waste materials contaminated with askarels. The label should be durable, indelible and should give adequate warning and suitable emergenc
46、y instructions. 5.2 Labelling of retrofilled transformers Labelling of retrofilled transformers should be in accordance with clause 12, Retrofilling of transformers. 6 Pollution of the environment The appropriate manner for disposal is referred to in clause 13, Disposal procedures. 6.1 Precautions t
47、o be taken to avoid pollution of the environment when working on equipment containing askarels or handling askarel in containers a) Liquid wastes containing askarels should not be disposed of into any water systems. Precautions should be taken to avoid any spillage or leakage from gaining access to
48、such systems. Adequate bunding of all areas containing askarels is of prime importance. NOTE. Askarel liquids have specific weights higher than that of water. They do not float on water that may be present in the drip tray beneath equipment. b) Under no circumstances should spilled askarels be hosed
49、 away into normal waste channels. If spillage or leakage is found to have occurred, it should be absorbed using vermiculite, sand, ash, or other inert non-combustible absorbent material which should be collected and later disposed of in an appropriate manner. Any residual askarels should be wiped from impervious surfaces using wipes or rags soaked in a suitable proprietary solvent. These rags should afterwards be disposed of in an appropriate manner. Appropriate precautions should be taken when handling solvents.Page 5 EN 50195 : 1996
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