1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 60041:1995 Field acceptance tests to determine the hydraulic performance of hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines The European Standard EN60041:1994 has the status of a British StandardBSEN60041:1995 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction
2、of the Engineering SectorBoard, was published underthe authority of the Standards Board and comes intoeffect on 15September1995 BSI 01-2000 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference MCE/15 Draft for comment 87/74825 DC ISBN 0 580 24212 9 Committees respons
3、ible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Engineering Sector Board to Technical Committee MCE/15, Hydraulic turbines, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Consulting Engineers Department of Trade and Industry (National En
4、gineering Laboratory) Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Electrical Engineers North of Scotland Hydro-electric Board Power Generation Association (BEAMA Ltd.) University of Southampton Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comme
5、ntsBSEN60041:1995 BSI 01-2000 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 Text of EN60041 7 List of references Inside back coverBSEN60041:1995 ii BSI 01-2000 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Engineering
6、 Sector Board and is the English language version of EN60041:1994, Field acceptance tests to determine the hydraulic performance of hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines, published by the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC). It was derived by CENELEC from
7、IEC41:1991 published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Common modifications and editorial corrections are indicated by the presence of sidelines in the margins. For graphical symbols, and letter symbols and signs approved by the IEC for general use, readers are referred to: IEC
8、 Publication27: Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology IEC Publication617: Graphical symbols for diagrams The symbols and signs contained in the present publication have either been taken from IEC Publication27 or617, or have been specifically approved for the purpose of this publication
9、. For general terminology, readers are referred to IEC Publication50: International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV), which is issued in the form of separate chapters each dealing with a specific field, the General Index being published as a separate booklet. Full details of the IEV will be supplie
10、d on request 1) . The terms and definitions contained in the present publication have been either taken from the IEV or specifically approved for the purpose of this publication. Some Sections and Parts of BS4727 are identical with or technically equivalent to IEC Publication50. All Parts of BS3939,
11、 except for Part1, are identical with IEC Publication617. EN60041 was produced as a result of international discussion in which the United Kingdom took an active part. 1) Available from Sales Department, BSI,389 Chiswick High Road, London W44AL. Cross-references Publication referred to Corresponding
12、 British Standard BS4999 General requirements for rotating electrical machines IEC34-2A:1974 Part102:1987 Methods for determining losses and efficiency from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles) IEC185:1987 BS7626:1993 Specification for current transformers IEC186:1987 BS7625:1993 Specifi
13、cation for voltage transformers IEC545:1976 BS5671:1979 Guide for commissioning, operation and maintenance of hydraulic turbines BS3680 Measurement of liquid flow in open channels Part3: Stream flow measurement ISO748:1979 Part3A:1980 Velocity-area methods Part4 Weirs and flumes ISO1438-1:1980 Weirs
14、 and flumes Part4A:1981 Method using thin-plate weirs Part8 Measuring instruments and equipment ISO2537:1988 Part8A:1989 Current meters incorporating a rotating element BS5857 Methods for measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits, using tracers Part1 Measurement of water flow ISO2975-1:1974 Secti
15、on1.1:1980 GeneralBSEN60041:1995 BSI 01-2000 iii Additional information The following ISO standards referred to in the text were earlier editions which have now been superseded by later editions. Where available the identical BritishStandard is cross-referenced. A British Standard does not purport t
16、o include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard ISO2975-2:1975 Section1
17、.2:1980 Constant rate injection method using non-radioactive tracers ISO2975-3:1976 Section1.3:1980 Constant rate injection method using radioactive tracers ISO2975-6:1977 Section1.4:1980 Transit time method using non-radioactive tracers ISO2975-7:1977 Section1.5:1980 Transit time method using radio
18、active tracers BS1042 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits Part2 Velocity area methods ISO3354:1988 Section2.4:1989 Method of measurement of clean water flow using current meters in full conduits and under regular flow conditions BS3680 Measurement of liquid flow in open channels Part8 Measu
19、ring instruments and equipment ISO3455:1976 Part8C:1980 Calibration of rotating-element current-meters in straight open tanks BS1042 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits Part2 Velocity area methods ISO3966:1977 Section2.1:1983 Method using Pitot static tubes ISO5168:1978 BS5844:1980 Methods
20、of measurement of fluid flow: estimation of uncertainty of a flow-rate measurement BS7118 Measurement of fluid flow: assessment of uncertainty in the calibration and use of flow measurement devices ISO7066-1:1989 Part1:1990 Linear calibration relationships ISO7066-2:1988 Part2:1989 Non-linear calibr
21、ation relationships ISO publication Corresponding British Standard ISO31-3:1978 Superseded by ISO31-3:1992 BS5775 Specification for quantities, units and symbols Part3:1993 Mechanics BS1042 Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits Part1:Pressure differential devices ISO5167:1980 Superseded by IS
22、O5167-1:1991 Section1.1:1992 Specification for square-edged orifice plates, nozzles and Venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pagesi toiv, theENtitle page, pages2 to186, an inside back cov
23、er and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.iv blankEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN60041 September1994 ICS 23.080:23.100.10 Descriptors:
24、 Turbine, hydraulic turbomachine, pump, pump-turbine, acceptance test, field test, hydraulic characteristics, measurement, test conditions, calculation English version Field acceptance tests to determine the hydraulic performance of hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines (IEC41:1991, mo
25、dified) Essias de rception sur place des turbines hydrauliques, pompes daccumulation et pompes-turbines, en vue de la dtermination de leurs performances hydrauliques (CEI41:1991, modifie) Abnahmeversuche zur Bestimmung der hydraulischen Eigenschaften von Wasserturbinen, Speicherpumpen und Pumpturbin
26、en (IEC41:1991, modifiziert) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on1994-03-08. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-dat
27、e lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under
28、the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Lux
29、embourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B-1050 Brus
30、sels 1994 Copyright reserved to CENELEC members Ref.No.EN60041:1994EEN60041:1994 BSI 01-2000 2 Foreword The CENELEC questionnaire procedure, performed for finding out whether or not the International Standard IEC41:1991 could be accepted without textual changes, has shown that one common modificatio
31、n was necessary for acceptance as a European Standard. The reference document together with the common modifications prepared by the French National Committee was submitted to the CENELEC members for formal vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN60041 on 1994-03-08. The following dates were fixed: An
32、nexes designated “normative” are part of the body of the standard. In this standard, Annex ZA is normative. Contents Page Foreword 2 Section 1. General rules 1 Scope and object 7 1.1 Scope 7 1.2 Object 7 1.3 Types of machines 7 1.4 Reference to IEC and ISO standards 7 1.5 Excluded topics 7 2 Terms,
33、definitions, symbols and units 8 2.1 General 8 2.2 Units 8 2.3 List of terms, definitions, symbols and units 8 3 Nature and extent of hydraulic performance guarantees 26 3.1 General 26 3.2 Main guarantees 27 3.3 Other guarantees 28 4 Organisation of test 30 4.1 Adequate provision for the test 30 4.2
34、 Authority for test 30 4.3 Personnel 30 4.4 Preparation for test 30 4.5 Agreement on test procedure 31 4.6 Instruments 32 4.7 Observations 32 4.8 Inspection after test 33 4.9 Final report 33 Section 2. Execution of test for the determination of the steady state performance ofthe machine 5 Test condi
35、tions and procedure 35 5.1 General test procedure 35 5.2 Test conditions to be fulfilled 38 6 Computation and analysis of results 39 6.1 Computation of test results 39 6.2 Uncertainties in measurements and presentation of results 42 6.3 Comparison with guarantees 44 Section 3. Execution of test for
36、the determination of the transient characteristic of the machine 7 Test conditions and procedure 52 7.1 Test conditions 52 7.2 Test procedure and instrumentation 52 latest date of publication of an identical national standard (dop)1995-03-15 latest date of withdrawal of conflicting national standard
37、s (dow)1995-03-15EN60041:1994 BSI 01-2000 3 Page 8 Computation and analysis of results 53 8.1 Conversion of results 53 8.2 Comparison with guarantees 53 Section 4. Methods of measurement 9 Introduction 55 9.1 Efficiency 55 9.2 Hydraulic power 55 9.3 Mechanical power 56 10 Discharge 57 10.1 General 5
38、7 10.2 Current-meter method 58 10.3 Pitot tubes 68 10.4 Pressure-time method 68 10.5 Tracer methods 75 10.6 Weirs 76 10.7 Standardized differential pressure devices 81 10.8 Volumetric gauging method 82 11 Specific hydraulic energy of the machine 85 11.1 General 85 11.2 Determination of the specific
39、hydraulic energy 85 11.3 Determination of the net positive suction specific energy 96 11.4 Pressure measurements 97 11.5 Free water level measurements 110 11.6 Uncertainty of measurements 114 12 Power 115 12.1 Indirect method of power measurement 115 12.2 Direct method of power measurement 128 12.3
40、Bearing losses 129 13 Rotational speed 130 13.1 General 130 13.2 Speed measurements in the case of direct measurement of power 130 13.3 Speed measurements in the case of indirect measurement of power 130 13.4 Uncertainty of measurement 131 14 Thermodynamic method for measuring efficiency 131 14.1 Ge
41、neral 131 14.2 Efficiency and specific mechanical energy 131 14.3 Procedure for measurement of specific mechanical energy 132 14.4 Apparatus 137 14.5 Test conditions to be fulfilled 138 14.6 Corrective terms 140 Page 14.7 Uncertainty of measurement 142 15 Index tests 143 15.1 General 143 15.2 Relati
42、ve discharge measurement 144 15.3 Measurement of other quantities 148 15.4 Computation of results 148 15.5 Uncertainty of measurement 148 Appendix A Systematic uncertainties inperformance measurements at steadystateconditions 150 Appendix B Rejection of outliers 156 Appendix C Analysis of the random
43、 uncertaintiesfor a test at constant operatingconditions 157 Appendix D Analysis of the random uncertaintiesfor a test over a range of operatingconditions 159 Appendix E Physical data 162 Appendix F Derivation of the equation for thespecific hydraulic energy of a machine 172 Appendix G Measurement o
44、f electric power Determination of the correction for a single-phase measuring system 173 Appendix H Thermodynamic method Examplesfor a balance of power and computationofthe specific mechanical energy 175 Appendix J Acoustic method of discharge measurement 177 Annex ZA (normative) Other international
45、 publications quoted in this standard with thereferences of the relevant Europeanpublications 184 Figure 1 Schematic representation of ahydraulicmachine 9 Figure 2 Guide vane opening (fromclosedposition) 10 Figure 3 Variation of turbine speed during asudden load rejection 12 Figure 4a Variation of p
46、ressure at the turbinehigh pressure reference section 13 Figure 4b Variation of pressure at the pumphighpressure reference section during apower failure 13 Figure 5a Low-head machines Determinationof specific hydraulic energy ofmachine 17 Figure 5b Medium and high-head machines Determination of spec
47、ific hydraulicenergy of machine 18EN60041:1994 BSI 01-2000 4 Page Figure 5c Pelton turbines with vertical axis Determination of specific hydraulicenergy of machine 19 Figure 6 Hydroelectric plant Determination of specific hydraulic energy E g and head H gof plant through geodetic height ofplant Z g
48、20 Figure 7 Net positive suction specific energy, NPSE, and net positive suction head, NPSH 21 Figure 8 Reference level of turbines, pumpsandpump-turbines 22 Figure 9 Flux diagram for power and discharge(example) 26 Figure 10 Guarantee curves 29 Figure 11 Example of a test schedule 36 Figure 12 Curv
49、e of minimum guaranteed valueofNPSE/E 39 Figure 13 Conversion of a measured pointtothespecified rotational speed 40 Figure 14 Correction of a measured pointtospecified conditions 41 Figure 15 Regulated turbine 44 Figure 16 Non-regulated turbine 45 Figure 17 Pump 45 Figure 18 Regulated turbine 46 Figure 19 Non-regulated turbine 46 Figure 20 Pump 47 Figure 21 Regulated turbine 48 Figure 21a Regulated turbine 48 Figure 21b Regulated turbine 49 Figure 21c Regulated turbine 49 Figure 22 Non-regulat
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