BS EN 60086-4-2015 Primary batteries Safety of lithium batteries《原电池 第4部分 锂电池的安全性》.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationPrimary batteriesPart 4: Safety of lithium batteriesBS EN 60086-4:2015National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 60086-4:2015. It isidentical to IEC 60086-4:2014. It supersedes BS EN 60086-4:2007, which willbe withdrawn on 8 October 2017.The UK par

2、ticipation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee CPL/35, Primary cells.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for i

3、ts correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 79834 4ICS 29.220.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and

4、Strategy Committee on 31 January 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 60086-4:2015EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 60086-4 January 2015 ICS 29.220.10 Supersedes EN 60086-4:2007 English Version Primary batteries - Part 4: Safet

5、y of lithium batteries (IEC 60086-4:2014) Piles lectriques - Partie 4: Scurit des piles au lithium (IEC 60086-4:2014) Primrbatterien - Teil 4: Sicherheit von Lithium-Batterien (IEC 60086-4:2014) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2014-10-08. CENELEC members are bound to comply with th

6、e CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Managemen

7、t Centre or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same

8、 status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lith

9、uania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnisch

10、e Normung CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members. Ref. No. EN 60086-4:2015 E BS EN 60086-4:2015EN 60086-4:2015 - 2 - Foreword The text of document 35/1324/FDIS, futur

11、e edition 4 of IEC 60086-4, prepared by IEC TC 35 “Primary cells and batteries“ was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 60086-4:2015. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an ide

12、ntical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2015-07-09 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2017-10-08 This document supersedes EN 60086-4:2007. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may b

13、e the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60086-4:2014 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. In the official version,

14、 for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated: IEC 60027-1:1992 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60027-1:1992. IEC 60068-2-6:1995 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60068-2-6:1995. IEC 60068-2-27:1987 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60068-2-27:1987. IEC 60068-2-31:2008 NOTE Harmonized as EN 6006

15、8-2-31:2008. IEC 60086-5:2011 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60086-5:2011. IEC 60617 (Series) NOTE Harmonized as EN 60617 (Series). IEC 62133 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62133. IEC 61960 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61960. IEC 62281 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62281. BS EN 60086-4:2015- 3 - EN 60086-4:2015 Annex ZA (normative)

16、 Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated re

17、ferences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standar

18、ds listed in this annex is available here: www.cenelec.eu. Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60086-1 2011 Primary batteries - Part 1: General EN 60086-1 2011 IEC 60086-2 - Primary batteries - Part 2: Physical and electrical specifications EN 60086-2 - BS EN 60086-4:2015 2 IEC 60086-4:2014 IEC 20

19、14 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 7 1 Scope 8 2 Normative references 8 3 Terms and definitions 8 4 Requirements for safety . 11 4.1 Design 11 4.2 Quality plan 11 5 Sampling . 11 5.1 General . 11 5.2 Test samples 11 6 Testing and requirements 12 6.1 General . 12 6.1.1 Test application matrix . 12 6.1.2 Safe

20、ty notice . 13 6.1.3 Ambient temperature . 13 6.1.4 Parameter measurement tolerances 13 6.1.5 Predischarge . 14 6.1.6 Additional cells 14 6.2 Evaluation of test criteria 14 6.2.1 Short-circuit . 14 6.2.2 Excessive temperature rise 14 6.2.3 Leakage 14 6.2.4 Venting 14 6.2.5 Fire 14 6.2.6 Rupture . 15

21、 6.2.7 Explosion . 15 6.3 Tests and requirements Overview 15 6.4 Tests for intended use 16 6.4.1 Test A: Altitude 16 6.4.2 Test B: Thermal cycling . 16 6.4.3 Test C: Vibration 17 6.4.4 Test D: Shock 18 6.5 Tests for reasonably foreseeable misuse 19 6.5.1 Test E: External short-circuit . 19 6.5.2 Tes

22、t F: Impact . 19 6.5.3 Test G: Crush 20 6.5.4 Test H: Forced discharge. 21 6.5.5 Test I: Abnormal charging 21 6.5.6 Test J: Free fall . 21 6.5.7 Test K: Thermal abuse 22 6.5.8 Test L: Incorrect installation . 22 6.5.9 Test M: Overdischarge 23 6.6 Information to be given in the relevant specification

23、 24 6.7 Evaluation and report 24 7 Information for safety . 24 BS EN 60086-4:2015IEC 60086-4:2014 IEC 2014 3 7.1 Safety precautions during design of equipment . 24 7.1.1 General . 24 7.1.2 Charge protection 25 7.1.3 Parallel connection 25 7.2 Safety precautions during handling of batteries . 25 7.3

24、Packaging . 27 7.4 Handling of battery cartons . 27 7.5 Transport 28 7.5.1 General . 28 7.5.2 Air transport 28 7.5.3 Sea transport . 28 7.5.4 Land transport . 28 7.6 Display and storage 28 7.7 Disposal 28 8 Instructions for use 29 9 Marking . 29 9.1 General . 29 9.2 Small batteries 30 9.3 Safety pic

25、tograms . 30 Annex A (informative) Guidelines for the achievement of safety of lithium batteries . 31 Annex B (informative) Guidelines for designers of equipment using lithium batteries 32 Annex C (informative) Additional information on display and storage . 35 Annex D (informative) Safety pictogram

26、s . 36 D.1 General . 36 D.2 Pictograms 36 D.3 Instruction for use . 37 Bibliography 38 Figure 1 Mesh screen 15 Figure 2 Thermal cycling procedure . 17 Figure 3 Example of a test set-up for the impact test . 19 Figure 4 Examples of a test set-up for the crush test . 20 Figure 5 Axes for free fall . 2

27、2 Figure 6 Circuit diagram for incorrect installation . 22 Figure 7 Circuit diagram for overdischarge . 23 Figure 8 Examples of safety wiring for charge protection . 25 Figure 9 Ingestion gauge . 26 Figure 10 Example for warning against swallowing, particularly lithium coin cell batteries . 26 Figur

28、e A.1 Battery design guidelines 31 Table 1 Number of test samples . 12 Table 2 Test application matrix 13 Table 3 Mass loss limits . 14 Table 4 Tests and requirements . 16 Table 5 Vibration profile (sinusoidal) 18 BS EN 60086-4:2015 4 IEC 60086-4:2014 IEC 2014 Table 6 Shock parameters . 18 Table 7 R

29、esistive load for overdischarge 23 Table 8 Parameters to be specified 24 Table B.1 Equipment design guidelines (1 of 3) . 32 Table D.1 Safety pictograms (1 of 2) 36 BS EN 60086-4:2015IEC 60086-4:2014 IEC 2014 7 INTRODUCTION The concept of safety is closely related to safeguarding the integrity of pe

30、ople and property. This standard specifies tests and requirements for lithium batteries and has been prepared in accordance with ISO/IEC guidelines, taking into account all relevant national and international standards which apply. Lithium batteries are different from conventional primary batteries

31、using aqueous electrolyte in that they contain flammable materials. Consequently, it is important to carefully consider safety during design, production, distribution, use, and disposal of lithium batteries. Based on such special characteristics, lithium batteries for consumer applications were init

32、ially small in size and had low power output. There were also lithium batteries with high power output which were used for special industrial and military applications and were characterized as being “technician replaceable”. The first edition of this standard was drafted to accommodate this situati

33、on. However, from around the end of the 1980s, lithium batteries with high power output started to be widely used in the consumer replacement market, mainly as a power source in camera applications. Since the demand for such lithium batteries with high power output significantly increased, various m

34、anufacturers started to produce these types of lithium batteries. As a consequence of this situation, the safety aspects for lithium batteries with high power output were included in the second edition of this standard. Primary lithium batteries both for consumer and industrial applications are well

35、-established safe and reliable products in the market, which is at least partly due to the existence of safety standards such as this standard and, for transport, IEC 62281. The fourth edition of this standard therefore reflects only minor changes which became necessary in order to keep it harmonize

36、d with IEC 62281 and to continuously improve the user information about safety related matters. Guidelines addressing safety issues during the design of lithium batteries are provided in Annex A. Annex B provides guidelines addressing safety issues during the design of equipment where lithium batter

37、ies are installed. Both Annex A and B reflect experience with lithium batteries used in camera applications and are based on 20. Safety is freedom from unacceptable risk. There can be no absolute safety: some risk will remain. Therefore a product, process or service can only be relatively safe. Safe

38、ty is achieved by reducing risk to a tolerable level determined by the search for an optimal balance between the ideal of absolute safety and the demands to be met by a product, process or service, and factors such as benefit to the user, suitability for purpose, cost effectiveness, and conventions

39、of the society concerned. As safety will pose different problems, it is impossible to provide a set of precise provisions and recommendations that will apply in every case. However, this standard, when followed on a judicious “use when applicable” basis, will provide reasonably consistent standards

40、for safety. BS EN 60086-4:2015 8 IEC 60086-4:2014 IEC 2014 PRIMARY BATTERIES Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries 1 Scope This Part of IEC 60086 specifies tests and requirements for primary lithium batteries to ensure their safe operation under intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. NOTE Pri

41、mary lithium batteries that are standardized in IEC 60086-2 are expected to meet all applicable requirements herein. It is understood that consideration of this part of IEC 60086 might also be given to measuring and/or ensuring the safety of non-standardized primary lithium batteries. In either case

42、, no claim or warranty is made that compliance or non-compliance with this standard will fulfil or not fulfil any of the users particular purposes or needs. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its

43、application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60086-1:2011, Primary batteries Part 1: General IEC 60086-2, Primary batteries Part 2: Physical and electrical specificatio

44、ns 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. NOTE Certain definitions taken from IEC 60050-482, IEC 60086-1, and IEC Guide 51 are repeated below for convenience. 3.1 battery one or more cells electrically connected and fitted in a case, wit

45、h terminals, markings and protective devices etc., as necessary for use SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-01-04, modified (“fitted with devices necessary for use, for example case“ replaced by “electrically connected and fitted in a case“, addition of “etc., as necessary for use“) 3.2 coin cell coin b

46、attery small round cell or battery where the overall height is less than the diameter Note 1 to entry: In English, the term “coin (cell or battery)” is used for lithium batteries only while the term “button (cell or battery)” is only used for non-lithium batteries. In languages other than English, t

47、he terms “coin” and “button” are often used interchangeably, regardless of the electrochemical system. SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-02-40, modified (term “button” deleted, NOTE “In practice terms, the term coin is used exclusively for non-aqueous lithium cells.” replaced with a different note) BS

48、 EN 60086-4:2015IEC 60086-4:2014 IEC 2014 9 3.3 cell basic functional unit, consisting of an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte, container, terminals and usually separators, that is a source of electric energy obtained by direct conversion of chemical energy SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-01-01 3.

49、4 component cell cell contained in a battery 3.5 cylindrical (cell or battery) round cell or battery in which the overall height is equal to or greater than the diameter SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-02-39, modified (“cell with a cylindrical shape“ replaced by “round cell or battery“) 3.6 depth of discharge DOD percentage of rated capacity discharged from a battery 3.7 fully discharged state of charge of a cell or battery corresponding to 100 % depth of