1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58soft ferrites Part 1: Terms used for physical irregularitiesThe European Standard EN 60401-1:2005 h
2、as the status of a British StandardICS 29.100.10Terms and nomenclature for cores made of magnetically BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 60401-1:2005BS EN 60401-1:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 10 August 2005 BSI 10 August 2005ISBN 0
3、580 46092 4request to its secretary.The committee consider that, when using this standard, the following standards need also to be taken into account:EN 60424-1:1999 Ferrite cores Guide on the limits of surface irregularities Part 1: General specificationEN 60424-2:1997 Guidance of the limits of sur
4、face irregularities of ferrite cores Part 2: RM-coresEN 60424-3:1999 Ferrite cores Guide on the limits of surface irregularities Part 3: ETD-cores and E-coresEN 60424-4:2001 Ferrite cores Guide on the limits of surface irregularities Part 4: Ring coresCross-referencesThe British Standards which impl
5、ement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication doe
6、s not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN tit
7、le page, pages 2 to 18, an inside back cover and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsA list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on present to t
8、he responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.National forewordThis British Standard is the official English langu
9、age version of EN 60401-1:2005. It is identical with IEC 60401-1:2002.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EPL/51, Transformers, inductors, magnetic components and ferrite materials, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text;EUROPEA
10、N STANDARD EN 60401-1 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM February 2005 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels ICS 29.100.1
11、0 English version Terms and nomenclature for cores made of magnetically soft ferrites Part 1: Terms used for physical irregularities (IEC 60401-1:2002) Termes et nomenclature pour noyaux en matriaux ferrites magntiquement doux Partie 1: Termes utiliss pour les irrgularits physiques (CEI 60401-1:2002
12、) Begriffe und Bezeichnungssystem fr Kerne aus weichmagnetischen MaterialienTeil 1: Begriffsfestlegungen fr physikalische Beschdigungen (IEC 60401-1:2002) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2005-02-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
13、 stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European S
14、tandard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the na
15、tional electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
16、 Kingdom. 2005 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 60401-1:2005 E EN 60401-1:2005 2 Foreword The text of the International Standard IEC 60401-1:2002, prepared by IEC TC 51, Magnetic components and ferrite materials, wa
17、s submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure and was approved by CENELEC as EN 60401-1 on 2005-02-01 without any modification. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop
18、) 2006-02-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2008-02-01 _ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60401-1:2002 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. _ 3 EN 60401-1:2005 TERMS AND N
19、OMENCLATURE FOR CORES MADE OF MAGNETICALLY SOFT FERRITES Part 1: Terms used for physical irregularities 1 Scope This part of IEC 60401 provides a nomenclature of the most frequent surface, bulk, and shape irregularities relevant to cores made of ferrites (magnetic oxides). Most irregularities are gr
20、aphically exemplified as visual aids. A general recommendation is also given for a consistent scheme for specifying the exact location of the irregularity, combining a general name for the location with more detailed qualifiers of the specified location. This standard can also be useful as a termino
21、logy reference when preparing technical documentation, irregularity inspection specifications, etc. 2 General overview Physical irregularities mean here the surface irregularities, bulk irregularities and shape irregularities. The irregularity here stands for inconsistency of the state or quality of
22、 the parts surface, bulk or shape with its intended regularity. These irregularities are considered here in the macroscopic scale, i.e. within the range of linear dimensions of irregularities from one micrometre to tens of millimetres. There is a great variety of surface, bulk and shape irregulariti
23、es degrading the quality of parts made of ferrites. Different types of these irregularities may often occur together and overlap one another. Each type of irregularity is, in general, produced by one or more of the following: an incorrectly or inaccurately performed manufacturing step, or improper h
24、andling, grinding, packing or transportation. The extent of the quality degradation is dependent on the type, scale, and combination of irregularities being present as well as on their locations on the part. There are locations particularly sensitive to the degrading effect of the specific types of
25、irregularities. The irregularities may in extreme cases give a detrimental or critical effect to magnetic, electric and mechanical performances of the part. Operations performed on the part, such as marking, winding, assembling and mounting, can also be adversely affected by the irregularities. An o
26、ngoing tendency to upgrade the overall quality of the parts results in more stringent restrictions being imposed on the quantity of irregularities in these parts. This brings about a need for a set of definitions, or nomenclature, which would be a primary basis for approaches to irregularities and t
27、heir location issues. Therefore, this nomenclature is intended to be used as a uniform reference when formulating more detailed descriptions of irregularities at specified locations, requirements and procedures related to the inspection and assessment of irregularities. This nomenclature can also be
28、 useful with regard to methods and tools used for detection, recognition and classification of irregularities. EN 60401-1:2005 4 3 General terms 3.1 surface irregularity unintentional state or appearance of the surfaces, edges and corners of the part NOTE Some surface irregularities, if excessive, c
29、an so deform contours and surfaces of the part, that they may also be classified as shape irregularities. 3.2 shape irregularity unintentional deformation of the contour lines or surfaces delimiting the shape of the part NOTE In some cases, shape irregularities smaller than quoted tolerances may sti
30、ll disqualify the part. 3.3 bulk irregularity unintentional inhomogeneity inside the part 3.4 tolerance (dimensional) allowable difference between nominal and permissible limit dimensions of contour lines defining the parts shape 3.5 location (of the irregularity) position on or within the part wher
31、e the irregularity is present 4 Surface irregularities 4.1 chip Lack of surface material generally caused by mechanical impact during handling or grinding NOTE In almost all cases, they are located on the edges of surfaces. According to specific locations, the chips are sub-classified: 4.1.1 surface
32、 chip chip located only on the core surface xxx-xIEC 3145/02 5 EN 60401-1:2005 4.1.2 edge chip chip located only on the core edge yyy-yy1y1y1-y1IEC 3146/024.1.3 corner chip chip located only in a corner zzz-zIEC 3147/024.1.4 pull-out consequence of the removal of the surface layer of the core due to
33、 die “sticking”, which occurs on surfaces perpendicular to the direction of pressing action NOTE A pull-out with depth greater than 1 mm should be considered as a chip. x xx-xIEC 3148/024.1.5 crater blind hole with depth comparable to or greater than its diameter xxx-xIEC 3149/024.2 Protruding (conv
34、ex) irregularities 4.2.1 hump elevation of rounded contour on the relevant surface xxx-xIEC 3150/02EN 60401-1:2005 6 4.2.2 attached particles any particle on the surface which cannot be removed by compressed-air, cleaning, washing or wiping IEC 3151/02 4.2.3 inclusions millimetre or sub-millimetre-s
35、ized foreign bodies located in the surface of the part (refer to 5.2) 4.3 Edge irregularities 4.3.1 ragged edge edge affected by a series of small chips IEC 3152/02 4.3.2 flash sharp feather-edge wall extending beyond the intended contour surface of the core AAIEC 3153/024.4 Crack irregularities 4.4
36、.1 crack surface irregularity which has a width much smaller than its length, and penetrates into the core Specific types of cracks can be sub-classified: 4.4.2 single-surface narrow crack crack located on a single surface, not going beyond its edges, and with width not exceeding a specified limit (
37、e.g. 0,1 mm) anywhere along the crack path on the surface xxx-xIEC 3154/02 7 EN 60401-1:2005 4.4.3 single-surface broad crack crack located on a single surface, not going beyond its edges, and with width equal to or exceeding the limit specified for narrow crack anywhere along the crack path on the
38、surface xxx-xIEC 3155/024.4.4 edge narrow crack crack located on two adjacent surfaces and crossing their common edge, with width not exceeding a specified limit (e.g. 0,1 mm) anywhere along the crack path on these surfaces IEC 3156/02 4.4.5 edge broad crack crack located on two adjacent surfaces an
39、d crossing their common edge, with width equal to or exceeding the limit specified for narrow crack anywhere along the crack path on these surfaces IEC 3157/02 4.4.6 inner channel crack narrow or broad crack along an inner edge of the core IEC 3158/02 4.4.7 stratification a series of cracks located
40、side by side and being more or less parallel, or a single crack, which runs along a significant portion (e.g. 20 %) of the periphery of the part xxAAx-xIEC 3159/02NOTE Stratification is usually positioned transversely to the direction of pressing of the core. EN 60401-1:2005 8 4.4.8 crazing grid-lik
41、e pattern of superficial cracks of depth not exceeding a specified limit (e.g. 0,3 mm) IEC 3160/02 4.5 Colour irregularities 4.5.1 difference in colour tones slight but visible local change(s) in the tint of the natural colour or shading of an area of a surface from the surrounding background IEC 31
42、61/02 4.5.2 discoloration visible difference in colours of an area of a surface from normal uniform colour background BlueShiningSparklingPurpleRedIEC 3162/024.5.3 stain smear of oil, grease, etc. or a deposit (e.g. whitish or water marks) on the surface IEC 3163/02 4.5.4 crystallites grains of abno
43、rmal size distinguishable on the surface, often with sparkling facets IEC 3164/02 9 EN 60401-1:2005 4.5.5 oxidation of split surfaces part of split (detached, crashed, etc.) surface which is oxidized OxidationIEC 3165/024.6 Machining related irregularities 4.6.1 roughness an uneven, not smooth surfa
44、ce including traces from grinding, abrasives, etc. x xAAx-xIEC 3166/024.6.2 short-ground surface part of surface which unintentionally remains un-ground after grinding, with no steplike surface irregularities (see 6.3.1). Un-ground surfaceIEC 3167/025 Bulk irregularities 5.1 superpores pores being m
45、illimetre-sized voids 5.2 inclusions millimetre or sub-millimetre-sized foreign bodies located inside cores SuperporesInclusionsIEC 3168/02NOTE An inclusion, if it appears on the surface of the part, is also considered as the surface irregularity (see 4.2.3). EN 60401-1:2005 10 5.3 internal stratifi
46、cation stratum shaped material discontinuity located inside the core and not always extending to the surface; usually narrow but sometimes of an extensive area NOTE The internal stratification caused by the improper press of the material is usually positioned transversely to the direction of pressin
47、g. 5.4 internal crack crack shaped material discontinuity inside the core not always extending to the surface; usually narrow but sometimes of an extensive length Internal stratificationInternal cracksIEC 3169/026 Shape irregularities (deformations) 6.1 Non-flat irregularities 6.1.1 convexity outwar
48、ds curved outline or surface IEC 3170/02 6.1.2 concavity inwards curved outline or surface IEC 3171/02 6.1.3 warping state of shape with twisted surface(s) IEC 3172/02 6.1.4 bending the deflection, curved or angular, from any direction that is regarded as the intended one 11 EN 60401-1:2005 Three di
49、fferent kind of deflections as follows: 6.1.4.1 deflection-out the state of being more or less inclined to the outside from the perpendicular or from other intended inclination NOTE This is also called “Toe-out”. IEC 3173/02 6.1.4.2 deflection-in state of being more or less inclined to the inside from the perpendicular or from other intended inclination NOTE This is also called “Toe-in”. IEC 3174/02 6.1.4.3 transverse deflec
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