1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 60404-13:2007Magnetic materials Part 13: Methods of measurement of density, resistivity and stacking factor of electrical steel sheet and strip The European Standard EN 60404-13:2007 has the status of a British StandardICS 17.220.20; 29.030g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g
2、55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 60404-13:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2
3、007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 58275 2National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 60404-13:2007. It is identical to IEC 60404-13:1995. It supersedes BS 6404-13:1996 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee ISE/NFE/5, Magnet
4、ic alloys and steels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot
5、confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60404-13 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM October 2007 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komit
6、ee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2007 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 60404-13:2007 E ICS 17.220.20; 29.030 English version Magnetic materials - Part 13: Me
7、thods of measurement of density, resistivity and stacking factor of electrical steel sheet and strip (IEC 60404-13:1995) Matriaux magntiques - Partie 13: Mthodes de mesure de la masse volumique, de la rsistivit et du facteur de foisonnement des tles et bandes magntiques (CEI 60404-13:1995) Magnetisc
8、he Werkstoffe - Teil 13: Prfverfahren zur Messung der Dichte, des spezifischen Widerstandes und des Stapelfaktors von Elektroblech und -band (IEC 60404-13:1995) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2007-10-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
9、 which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This Euro
10、pean Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are
11、the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spai
12、n, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Foreword The text of the International Standard IEC 60404-13:1995, prepared by IEC TC 68, Magnetic alloys and steels, was submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure and was approved by CENELEC as EN 60404-13 on 2007-10-01 without any modification. The
13、 following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2008-10-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2010-10-01 Annex ZA has
14、been added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60404-13:1995 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. _ EN 60404-13:2007 2 CONTENTS Clause 1 Scope and object 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Determination of the density . 4 3.1 Fiel
15、d of application . 4 3.2 Test specimens 5 3.2.1 Strip specimens 5 3.2.2 Sheet specimens 5 3.3 Principles of measurement. 5 3.3.1 General 5 3.3.2 Method of measuring the product m using Epstein strips (method A) 6 3.3.3 Method of measuring the product m using sheet specimens 3.4 Apparatus 8 3.4.1 Req
16、uirements for methods A and B. 8 3.4.2 Requirements for method A 9 3.4.3 Requirements for method B 9 3.5 Procedure 3.5.1 General. 10 3.5.2 Procedure with strip specimens (method A) . 10 3.5.3 Procedure with sheet specimens (method B) 10 3.5.4 Determination of the density . 11 3.6 Test report . 11 3.
17、7 Reproducibility 11 4 Determination of the resistivity 11 4.1 Object 11 4.2 Field of application . 11 4.3 Test specimen 11 4.4 Principle of measurement . 11 4.4.1 Method based on the determination of the product m 114.4.2 Method based on the determination of thickness d 12 4.5 Test report. 13 4.6 R
18、eproducibility 13 5 Determination of the stacking factor . 13 5.1 Object . 13 5.2 Field of application 13 5.3 Measuring procedure . 13 5.4 Test report 14 5.5 Reproducibility. 14 Annex A - Bibliography . 15 (method B) 7Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their
19、corresponding European publications. 16EN 60404-13:2007 3 10MAGNETIC MATERIALS - Part 13: Methods of measurement of density, resistivity and stacking factor of electrical steel sheet and strip 1 Scope and object This part of IEC 404 specifies the methods used for determining the density, resistivity
20、 and stacking factor of electrical steel sheet and strip. These quantities are necessary to establish the magnetic characteristics of the material. In particular, the density is necessary to allow specified values of the flux density to be set without knowing the thickness of the test specimen. For
21、the determination of the density, the immersion method was earlier considered to be a fundamental method for use in cases of arbitration. However, experience has shown that this method is very difficult to use in the case of sheet samples with a relatively large surface area. This method is therefor
22、e not included. It is described in ISO 2738 and ISO 1183. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of IEC 404. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All normative doc
23、uments are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this part of IEC 404 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
24、 IEC 404-2: 1978, Magnetic materials - Part 2: Methods of measurement of magnetic, electrical and physical properties of magnetic sheet and strip IEC 404-3: 1992, Magnetic materials - Part 3: Methods of measurement of magnetic properties of magnetic sheet and strip by means of a single sheet tester
25、IEC 404-10: 1988, Magnetic materials - Part 10: Methods of measurement of magnetic properties of magnetic steel sheet and strip at medium frequencies ISO 1183: 1987, Plastics - Methods for determining the density and relative density of non-cellular plastics ISO 2738: 1987, Permeable sintered metal
26、materials - Determination of density, oil content and open porosity 3 Determination of the density 3.1 Field of application The method of measurement of the density defined in this clause applies only to non-oriented iron-silicon electrical sheet and strip with or without insulation, with the follow
27、ing range of chemical composition by mass: - silicon: p(Si) 4 %; - aluminium: 0,17 p(Si) - 0,28 p(Al) 0,17 p(Si) + 0,28 and p(Al) 0; - total of other alloy constituents: p 0,4 % EN 60404-13:2007 4 where p(Si) is the percentage of Si by mass; p(Al) is the percentage of Al by mass. NOTE - If the chemi
28、cal composition is not known, it should be verified before using this method. The two methods of determination of density described in this standard are applicable to Epstein strips (method A) as specified by IEC 404-2 and IEC 404-10 and to sheets (method B) as specified by IEC 404-3. For materials
29、not meeting the above range of chemical composition, immersion methods of equivalent accuracy such as those defined in ISO 2738 or ISO 1183 shall be used. The measurements shall be made at an ambient temperature of (23 5) C. 3.2 Test specimens 3.2.1 Strip specimens The strip specimen used in method
30、A (see 3.3.2) shall have the following dimensions: - width b = (30 0,2) mm; - length 280 mm l 320 mm. It shall be cut with its longitudinal axis parallel to the direction of rolling. It is not necessary to remove the oxide or other insulating coating except from places where electrical contacts are
31、made. 3.2.2 Sheet specimens The dimensions of the sheet used for method B (see 3.3.3) shall be as follows: - width b = 500 mm; - length l = 500 mm. These are the usual dimensions of a non-oriented test specimen for use in a single-sheet tester (SST) conforming with IEC 404-3. However, the dimensions
32、 of the rectangular sheets can vary within: 300 mm b 510 mm and 500 mm l 600 mm 3.3 Principles of measurement 3.3.1 General In the case of magnetic material as specified in clause 3, both the density, m, and the resistivity, , are functions of the silicon and aluminium contents. Experience has shown
33、 that the relationship between the density m and the easy-to-measure product m (see 3.3.2 and 3.3.3) is a simple, almost linear one, as shown in figure 1. Thus, it is possible to determine the density by substituting its direct measurement by the measurement of the product m. The linear function sho
34、wn in figure 1, obtained by linear regression from experimental data, follows the empirical relation: m = o - ksm (1) EN 60404-13:2007 5 where ks= 89 200 (m)-1; m is the density, in kilograms per cubic metre; o = 7 973 kgm-3; is the resistivity, in ohm metres. Figure 1 - Density m as a function of t
35、he product m, for alloyed electrical sheet steel This relationship has been established by careful and statistical application of the immersion method 11taking the usual impurities of non-oriented material into account. For the two different types of test specimen used for the Epstein and single-she
36、et test (SST) method, respectively, two methods of determination of the product m are applied, described in 3.3.2 and 3.3.3. 3.3.2 Method of measuring the product m using Epstein strips (method A) If an electric current flows homogeneously through the test specimen the resistance R of a length of an
37、 Epstein strip between two point contacts can be easily measured. The relationships 1The figures in square brackets refer to annex A (Bibliography). EN 60404-13:2007 6 where b is the width of the test specimen, in metres; d is the thickness of the test specimen, in metres; l is the total length of t
38、he test specimen, in metres; leis the electrical path length (distance between the potential contacts), in metres; m is the mass of the test specimen, in kilograms; m is the density of the test specimen without insulation, in kilograms per cubic metre; R is the electrical resistance, in ohms; is the
39、 resistivity, in ohm metres. The value of m shall be determined by reading from figure 1 the value corresponding to the value of the product m determined from equation (4). It can also be calculated using equation (1). 3.3.3 Method of measuring the product m using sheet specimens (method B) On the b
40、asis of the theory of conformal mapping of two-dimensional fields, it has been shown 2 that, for a body of uniform thickness and arbitrary shape, the following relationship holds: RAB,CDis the resistance obtained from the potential difference VC- VDbetween the contacts C and D per unit current throu
41、gh the contacts A and B, the contacts A,B,C and D being as small as possible and randomly distributed over the specimen edge, in ohms; RBC,DAis, correspondingly, the resistance obtained from the potential difference between contacts D and A per unit current through the contacts B and C, in ohms; d i
42、s the thickness of the test specimen, in metres. EN 60404-13:2007 7 To ensure that this ratio is close to unity, the contacts shall be arranged symmetrically at the mid-points of the edges of the square or rectangular test specimen as shown in figure 2. Figure 2 - Arrangement of contacts on the test
43、 specimen for method B Again the relationship is obtained for the determination of the product m, which is inde-pendent of the thickness d, from equation (5) using equation (3): The value of m shall be determined by reading it off from figure 1 corresponding to the value of the product m determined
44、from equation (6). It can also be calculated using equation (1). NOTE - It has been shown that the method described in this subclause is equivalent to method A for strips described in 3.3.2, within limits which are smaller than the dispersion between individual strip samples of one grade of material
45、, when method A is applied 3. 3.4 Apparatus 3.4.1 Requirements for methods A and B The following equipment is required: - a balance, capable of measuring the mass, m, of the test specimen to within 0,1 g; - a length measuring device, capable of measuring the length l and the width b of the test spec
46、imen to within 0,5 %; - a power supply consisting of a stable low voltage d.c. current source capable of supplying a current of the order 1 A to 10 A (unless a 4-terminal ohm meter is used, see next paragraph); - a resistance measuring device (e.g. standard resistor and digital voltmeter of accuracy
47、 0,1% or better or a Kelvin bridge or a 4-terminal ohm meter of corresponding accuracy) capable of measuring the resistance, R, of the test specimen to within 1 %; - an apparatus for making contact to the test specimen consisting of a base plate carrying contacts (see 3.4.2 and 3.4.3) and, between t
48、he contacts, a supporting flat plate smaller than the test specimen (on sides where contacts are arranged) but not by more than 5 mm (10 mm for sheet specimens) on each side. The thickness of the support shall allow the EN 60404-13:2007 8 contacts to touch the specimen lying on the support. 3.4.2 Re
49、quirements for method A The apparatus for making electrical contact with the strip specimen employs four contacts: two potential contacts (tips) arranged on a removable bridge and two current contacts fixed to the base plate. The four contacts are arranged so that the two potential contacts lie between the current contacts and are on the axis of the strip. The current contacts consist of two leaf springs
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