1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationElectrical insulating materials Determination of the effects ofionising radiationPart 5: Procedures for assessment of ageing in serviceBS EN 60544-5:2012National forewordThis Bri
2、tish Standard is the UK implementation of EN 60544-5:2012. It is identical to IEC 60544-5:2011. It supersedes BS EN 60544-5:2003 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Commit-tee GEL/112, Evaluation and qualification of electrical insulating materials a
3、nd systems.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012Published by
4、BSI Standards Limited 2012 ISBN 978 0 580 75046 5 ICS 29.035.01 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Stand-ards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 June 2012.Amendments issued since publication
5、Amd. No. Date Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 60544-5:2012EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60544-5 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM April 2012 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Manage
6、ment Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2012 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 60544-5:2012 E ICS 17.240; 29.035.01 Supersedes EN 60544-5:2003English version Electrical insulating materials - Determination o
7、f the effects of ionizing radiation - Part 5: Procedures for assessment of ageing in service (IEC 60544-5:2011) Matriaux isolants - Dtermination des effets des rayonnements ionisants - Partie 5: Procdures pour lestimation du vieillissement en service (CEI 60544-5:2011) Elektroisolierstoffe - Bestimm
8、ung der Wirkung ionisierender Strahlung - Teil 5: Bewertungsverfahren fr die Alterung whrend des Einsatzes (IEC 60544-5:2011) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2012-01-18. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for
9、 giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in t
10、hree official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national el
11、ectrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Swe
12、den, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 60544-5:2012EN 60544-5:2012 - 2 - Foreword The text of document 112/171/CDV, future edition 2 of IEC 60544-5, prepared by IEC TC 112, “Evaluation and qualification of electrical insulating materials and systems“, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC
13、 parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 60544-5:2012. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2012-10-18 latest date by which the national standards conflict
14、ing with the document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2015-01-18 This document supersedes EN 60544-5:2003. EN 60544-5:2012 constitutes an editorial revision to align it with standards recently developed by SC 45A as well as with other parts in the EN 60544 series. Attention is drawn to the possibility th
15、at some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60544-5:2011 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard with
16、out any modification. In the official version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added for the standard indicated: IEC 60544-4 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60544-4. BS EN 60544-5:2012- 3 - EN 60544-5:2012 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corres
17、ponding European publications The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including an
18、y amendments) applies. NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60544-1 - Electrical insulating materials - Determination of the effects of ionizing radiation - Part 1: Radi
19、ation interaction and dosimetry EN 60544-1 - IEC 60544-2 - Guide for determining the effects of ionizing radiation on insulating materials - Part 2: Procedures for irradiation and test - - IEC 60780 - Nuclear power plants - Electrical equipment of the safety system - Qualification - - IEC/TR 61244-1
20、 - Determination of long-term radiation ageing in polymers - Part 1: Techniques for monitoring diffusion-limited oxidation - - IEC/TR 61244-2 - Determination of long-term radiation ageing in polymers - Part 2: Procedures for predicting ageing at low dose rates - - BS EN 60544-5:2012 2 60544-5 IEC:20
21、11 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 5 1 Scope and object 6 2 Normative references . 6 3 Terms and definitions . 7 4 Background 7 4.1 General . 7 4.2 Diffusion limited oxidation (DLO) . 7 4.3 Dose rate effects (DRE) 8 4.4 Accelerated radiation ageing . 8 4.5 Accelerated thermal ageing . 9 5 Approaches to agei
22、ng assessment . 9 6 Identifying components of concern . 9 6.1 General . 9 6.2 Priorities for ageing management 9 6.3 Environmental monitoring 10 6.4 Localized severe environments . 10 6.5 Worst case components 10 7 Condition monitoring techniques . 10 7.1 General . 10 7.2 Establishing correlation cu
23、rves for CM methods 11 7.3 CM methods 11 7.4 Using CM for short-term troubleshooting . 11 7.5 Using CM for long-term degradation assessment . 13 8 Predictive modelling . 14 9 Sample deposit . 15 9.1 General . 15 9.2 Requirements of a deposit . 15 9.3 Pre-ageing samples for a deposit 15 9.4 Installat
24、ion of an sample deposit . 15 9.5 Testing of samples from the deposit 16 9.6 Determination of sampling intervals . 16 9.7 Real time aged materials . 17 Annex A (informative) Example of a CM correlation curve 18 Annex B (informative) Use of a deposit 19 Bibliography 20 Figure 1 Development of ageing
25、data on changes in tensile elongation and a condition indicator (e.g. indenter modulus) Schematic 12 Figure 2 Correlation curve derived from data in Figure 1 Schematic 13 Figure 3 Estimation of elongation from a correlation curve . 14 Figure 4 Modification of sampling interval dependent on values of
26、 the CM indicator . 17 Figure A.1 Correlation curve for indenter modulus against tensile elongation for a CSPE cable jacket material 18 18 BS EN 60544-5:201260544-5 IEC:2011 5 INTRODUCTION Organic and polymeric materials provide a significant proportion of the insulation used in electrical systems.
27、These materials are sensitive to the effects of irradiation and the response varies widely between different types. It is therefore important to be able to assess the degree of degradation of these insulating materials during their service lifetimes. This part of IEC 60544 provides recommended proce
28、dures for assessing ageing of insulating materials in service. There are a number of approaches to the assessment of ageing of polymer-based components exposed to radiation environments 141. These are based on the better understanding of the factors affecting ageing degradation which has been develo
29、ped over several decades. In nuclear power plants, qualification programmes are normally used for selection of components, including those based on polymeric materials. These initial qualification procedures, such as IEEE-323 5 and IEEE-383 6, were originally written before there was sufficient unde
30、rstanding of ageing mechanisms. Most of the methods discussed in this part of IEC 60544 are therefore used to supplement the initial qualification process. This part is the fifth in a series dealing with the effect of ionizing radiation on insulating materials. Part 1 (Radiation interaction and dosi
31、metry) constitutes an introduction dealing very broadly with the problems involved in evaluating radiation effects. It also provides guidance to dosimetry terminology, several methods of determining exposure and absorbed dose, and methods of calculating absorbed dose in any specific material from th
32、e dosimetry method applied. Part 2 (Procedures for irradiation and test) describes procedures for maintaining seven different types of exposure conditions during irradiation. It also specifies the controls that should be maintained over these conditions so that when test results are reported, reliab
33、le comparisons of material performance can be made. In addition, it defines certain important irradiation conditions and test procedures to be used for property change determinations and corresponding end-point criteria. Part 3 has been incorporated into the second edition of IEC 60544-2. Part 4 (Cl
34、assification system for service in radiation environments) provides a recommended classification system for categorizing the radiation endurance of insulation materials. _ 1Figures in square brackets refer to the bibliography. BS EN 60544-5:2012 6 60544-5 IEC:2011 ELECTRICAL INSULATING MATERIALS DET
35、ERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION Part 5: Procedures for assessment of ageing in service 1 Scope and object This part of IEC 60544 covers ageing assessment methods which can be applied to components based on polymeric materials (e.g. cable insulation and jackets, elastomeric seals, pol
36、ymeric coatings, gaiters) which are used in environments where they are exposed to radiation. The object of this standard is aimed at providing methods for the assessment of ageing in service. The approaches discussed in the following clauses cover ageing assessment programmes based on condition mon
37、itoring (CM), the use of sample deposits in severe environments and sampling of real-time aged components. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the editio
38、n cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60544-1, Electrical insulating materials Determination of the effects of ionizing radiation Part 1: Radiation interaction and dosimetry IEC 60544-2, Guide for determining th
39、e effects of ionizing radiation on insulating materials Part 2: Procedures for irradiation and test IEC 61244-1, Determination of long-term radiation ageing in polymers Part 1: Techniques for monitoring diffusion-limited oxidation IEC 61244-2, Determination of long-term radiation ageing in polymers
40、Part 2: Procedures for predicting ageing at low dose rates IEC 60780, Nuclear power plants Electrical equipment of the safety system Qualification BS EN 60544-5:201260544-5 IEC:2011 7 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following abbreviations, taken from IEC 60780, apply.
41、 BWR Boiling water reactor CBQ Condition based qualification CM Condition monitoring CSPE Chlorosulphonated polyethylene DBE Design basis event DLO Diffusion limited oxidation DRE Dose rate effect DSC Differential scanning calorimeter EPR Ethylene propylene rubber EQ Environmental qualification EVA
42、Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer IM Indenter modulus LOCA Loss of coolant accident NPP Nuclear power plant OIT Oxidation induction time OITP Oxidation induction temperature PE Polyethylene PVC Polyvinyl chloride PWR Pressurized water reactor TGA Thermo-gravimetric analysis VVER Water-cooled, water-m
43、oderated energy reactor (type of pressurized water reactor developed by Russia) XLPE Cross-linked polyethylene 4 Background 4.1 General There are a number of factors that need to be considered when assessing ageing of polymeric components in radiation environments. In the following clauses some of t
44、hese factors are briefly discussed and references made to more detailed information. To accelerate radiation-ageing environments, the normal approach is to increase the radiation dose rate, often combined with an increase in temperature. The two most important potential complications arising from su
45、ch increases involve diffusion-limited oxidation, which is described in 4.2, and chemical dose rate effects (DRE), which are described in 4.3. The implications of these factors on the use and interpretation of condition monitoring (CM) techniques are also discussed. Accelerated ageing programmes are
46、 briefly discussed in 4.4 and 4.5. 4.2 Diffusion limited oxidation (DLO) When polymers are exposed to an oxygen-containing environment (e.g. air), some oxygen will be dissolved in the material. In the absence of oxygen-consuming reactions (oxidation), the amount of dissolved oxygen will be proportio
47、nal to the oxygen partial pressure surrounding the polymer (well known from Henrys Law). Ageing will lead to oxidation reactions in the polymer, whose rate will increase significantly as the dose rate and temperature of ageing are BS EN 60544-5:2012 8 60544-5 IEC:2011 increased. If the rate of consu
48、mption of dissolved oxygen in the polymer is faster than the rate at which oxygen can be replenished by diffusion from the surrounding atmosphere, the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the interior regions will decrease with time (the oxygen concentration at the sample surface will remain at its
49、equilibrium value). The reduction in internal oxygen concentration can lead to reduced or negligible oxidation, referred to as diffusion limited oxidation. The importance of this effect is dependent on the sample thickness (thinner samples giving smaller DLO effects) and the ratio of the oxygen consumption rate to the oxygen permeability coefficient P, which is the product of the oxygen diffusion and solubility parameters. Accelerated radiation environments involve increase
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