1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58frequency range 0,01 Hz to 1 MHzThe European Standard EN 60565:2007 has the status of a British Sta
2、ndardICS 17.140.50Underwater acoustics Hydrophones Calibration in the BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 60565:2007BS EN 60565:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 50166 1Amendments issued since publi
3、cationAmd. No. Date CommentsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewordThis British Standard was published
4、 by BSI. It is the UK implementation of EN 60565:2007. It is identical with IEC 60565:2007. It supersedes BS 5652:1979 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EPL/87, Ultrasonics.A list of organizations represented on EPL/87 can be obtained on
5、request to its secretary.EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 60565 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM January 2007 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B
6、 - 1050 Brussels 2007 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 60565:2007 E ICS 17.140.50 English version Underwater acoustics - Hydrophones - Calibration in the frequency range 0,01 Hz to 1 MHz (IEC 60565:2006) Acoustique
7、sous-marine - Hydrophones - Etalonnage dans la bande de frquences de 0,01 Hz 1 MHz (CEI 60565:2006) Wasserschall - Hydrophone - Kalibrierung im Frequenzbereich von 0,01 Hz bis 1 MHz (IEC 60565:2006) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2006-12-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply wit
8、h the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretari
9、at or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the o
10、fficial versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Roman
11、ia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. EN 60565:2007 2 Foreword The text of document 87/357/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 60565, prepared by IEC TC 87, Ultrasonics, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 60565 on 2006-12-0
12、1. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2007-09-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2009-12-01 Annex Z
13、A has been added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 60565:2006 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. _ 3 EN 60565:2007 CONTENTS 1 Scope . H6 2 Normative references H6 3 Terms and definitions H6 4 Symbols and abbreviated term
14、s . H12 5 Procedures for calibrations H14 5.1 Principles . H14 5.2 Field limitations H15 5.3 Schematic survey of procedures . H15 5.4 Reporting of results H15 5.5 Recalibration periods H16 5.6 Temperature and pressure considerations for calibration . H16 6 Preparation of transducers. H16 6.1 Wetting
15、. H16 6.2 Hydrophone support . H16 6.3 Influence of cable . H16 7 Electrical measurements H17 7.1 Signal type . H17 7.2 Earthing . H17 7.3 Measurement of hydrophone output voltage H17 7.4 Measurement of projector current H18 7.5 Measurement of transfer impedance . H19 8 Free-field reciprocity calibr
16、ation . H19 8.1 General principle H19 8.2 Theory H20 8.3 Separation distance H25 8.4 Minimum distance from transducers to boundary surface. H25 8.5 Frequency limitation . H25 8.6 Measurements and checks H26 8.7 Uncertainty. H29 9 Free-field calibration by comparison. H29 9.1 Principle. H29 9.2 Compa
17、rison with a standard hydrophone. H29 9.3 Calibration with a calibrated projector . H30 10 Calibration by hydrostatic excitation. H31 10.1 Principle. H31 10.2 Determination of equivalent pressure H31 10.3 Measurement of the sensitivity of hydrophones . H35 10.4 Design of vibration system H36 10.5 Un
18、certainty. H37 10.6 Alternative method for hydrostatic excitation . H37 11 Calibration by piezoelectric compensation H37 11.1 Principle. H37 11.2 Procedure H38 EN 60565:2007 4 11.3 Design of the calibration chamber . H40 11.4 Practical limitations of the piezoelectric compensation method H42 11.5 Un
19、certainty. H42 12 Acoustic coupler reciprocity calibration H42 12.1 Principle. H42 12.2 Procedure H42 12.3 Theory H43 12.4 Acoustic compliance . H44 12.5 High-frequency limit H44 12.6 Low-frequency limit. H44 12.7 Measurement . H44 12.8 Uncertainty. H45 12.9 Limitations H45 12.10 Acoustic-coupler ca
20、libration using a reference coupler with two reciprocal transducers and an auxiliary coupler with the same two transducers and a hydrophone to be calibrated H45 12.11 Acoustic-coupler calibration using a reference coupler with two reciprocal transducers and an auxiliary coupler with the same two tra
21、nsducers, a hydrophone to be calibrated, and a sound source H47 12.12 Acoustic-coupler calibration using a coupler, a reciprocal transducer, a projector, a hydrophone to be calibrated, and a subsidiary body of known compliance. H49 13 Calibration with a pistonphone . H51 13.1 Principle. H51 13.2 Pro
22、cedure H51 13.3 Limitations H54 13.4 Uncertainty. H55 14 Calibration with a vibrating column. H55 14.1 Principle. H55 14.2 Procedure H56 14.3 Expression for the pressure H57 14.4 Determination of the sensitivity . H57 14.5 Conditions of measurement H59 14.6 Uncertainty. H60 Annex A (informative) Dir
23、ectional response of a hydrophone H61 Annex B (informative) Electrical loading corrections H63 Annex C (informative) Pulsed techniques in free-field calibrations. H65 Annex D (informative) Assessment of uncertainty in the calibration of hydrophones H74 Annex E (informative) Equivalent circuit of the
24、 excitation system for calibration with a vibrating column H78 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications83 Bibliography H79 5 EN 60565:2007 HFigure 1 Left-hand co-ordinate system H7 HFigure 2 Measurement framework for suppo
25、rting in-line the three transducers: a projector P, a reciprocal transducer T, and a hydrophone H to be calibrated. H24 HFigure 3 Diagram of the method of hydrostatic excitation. H32 HFigure 4 Schematic drawing of the measuring system H38 HFigure 5 Diagram of the chamber for high-frequency H41 HFigu
26、re 6 Reciprocity coupler with three transducers; a projector P , a reciprocal transducer T , and a hydrophone H to be calibrated H43 HFigure 7 Reference coupler with two transducers: a projector P and a reciprocal transducer T H46 HFigure 8 Auxiliary coupler with three transducers: a projector P , a
27、 reciprocal transducer T , and a hydrophone H to be calibrated H46 HFigure 9 Auxiliary coupler with four transducers; a projector P , a reciprocal transducer T , a sound source S , and a hydrophone H to be calibrated H48 HFigure 10 Schematic drawing of the measuring system H51 HFigure 11 Pistonphone
28、 H55 HFigure 12 Vibrating column . H56 HFigure C.1 Schematic diagram of a projector and receiver in a water tank showing the main sources of reflections. H67 HFigure C.2 Echo arrival time in a 6 m 6 m 5 m tank with optimally placed transducers . H68 HFigure C.3 Hydrophone signals for a pair of spher
29、ical transducers projector: 18 kHz resonance frequency, Q factor of 3,5; hydrophone: 350 kHz resonance frequency; drive frequency: 2 kHz (left) and 18 kHz (right) H69 HFigure E.1 Simplified equivalent circuit of the vibrating column H78 EN 60565:2007 6 UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS HYDROPHONES CALIBRATION IN
30、 THE FREQUENCY RANGE 0,01 Hz TO 1 MHz 1 Scope This International Standard specifies methods for calibration of hydrophones or reversible transducers when used as a hydrophone, particularly in the frequency range from 0,01 Hz to 1 MHz. Rules for the presentation of the calibration data are establishe
31、d. 2 Normative references The following referenced data are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60050-801, International
32、 Electrotechnical Vocabulary - Chapter 801: Acoustics and electroacoustics IEC 60500:1974, IEC Standard hydrophone IEC 60866:1987, Characteristics and calibration of hydrophones for operation in the frequency range 0,5 MHz to 15 MHz 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the foll
33、owing terms and definitions apply. 3.1 angular deviation loss sensitivity level of the transducer on the principal axis minus the sensitivity level of the transducer for a specified direction IEV 801-25-69 3.2 co-ordinate system system used to designate the directivity pattern of the transducer 7 EN
34、 60565:2007 +Z +Y +X 0IEC 1994/06 Figure 1 Left-hand co-ordinate system Line transducer: central line of symmetry along the Z-axis; Dipole transducer: both components equidistant from the origin, along the +Z and Z axis; Piston transducer: piston plane in ZOY-plane; principal axis along X-axis. NOTE
35、 1 The terms horizontal directivity pattern and vertical directivity pattern are often used for representation of directivity in the XY- and XZ- (or YZ-) planes respectively. NOTE 2 See Annex A, 1 F1, 2. 3.3 coupler apparatus comprising a rigid fluid-filled chamber of small dimensions into which tra
36、nsducers and hydrophones can be inserted 3.4 diffraction factor ratio of the average pressure over the part of the hydrophone designed to receive sound to the free-field sound pressure that would exist at the reference centre of the hydrophone 3.5 directional response description, generally presente
37、d graphically, of the response of an electro-acoustic transducer, as a function of the direction of propagation of the radiated or incident sound in a specified plane through the reference centre and at a specified frequency NOTE See Annex A. 3.6 dynamic range ratio of the maximum free field sound p
38、ressure that produces an undistorted hydrophone output to the equivalent noise pressure at the hydrophone 3.7 electrical impedance of a transducer complex ratio of the instantaneous voltage applied across the electrical terminals of a transducer at a given frequency, to the resulting instantaneous c
39、urrent NOTE 1 The unit is the ohm, . NOTE 2 Because the electrical impedance depends on the field conditions, the hydrostatic pressure, water temperature and the length of the cable attached to the transducer, these parameters, as well as the frequency and the electrical terminals where the electric
40、al impedance is measured should be specified. _ 1Numbers in square brackets refer to the bibliography EN 60565:2007 8 3.8 electrical terminals of a reciprocal transducer terminals across which the open circuit hydrophone voltage , as well as the projector current are measured NOTE If the transducer
41、is immersed in water, the electrical terminal with the lowest electrical impedance with respect to water is called the low terminal. Consequently, the other electrical terminal is called the high terminal. 3.9 electrical transfer impedance magnitude magnitude of the electrical transfer impedance of
42、a transducer pair NOTE The unit is the ohm, . 3.10 electrical transfer impedance of a transducer pair complex ratio of the open circuit instantaneous voltage HU across the hydrophone electrical terminals to the instantaneous current PI through the projector, if projector and hydrophone are mounted i
43、n a free field with their principal axes in line and directed towards each other NOTE 1 HPHP=UZI(1) NOTE 2 The unit is the ohm, . NOTE 3 The electrical transfer impedance is a complex quantity. It has both real and imaginary components and can be represented as a magnitude PHZ times a phase term ()e
44、xp j , where is the phase angle between the real and imaginary impedance components. NOTE 4 The definition of principal axis is given in 3.23. NOTE 5 See 7.5. 3.11 equivalent noise pressure sound pressure applied at the hydrophone to cause a voltage at the hydrophone electrical terminals, in the abs
45、ence of noise, that is equal to the noise voltage present at the same electrical terminals when the sound pressure is absent NOTE When the equivalent noise pressure cannot be measured, it can be calculated from the equivalent series resistance 2. 3.12 far field sound field at a distance from the sou
46、nd source where the instantaneous values of sound pressure and particle velocity are substantially in phase NOTE 1 In the far field, the sound pressure appears to be spherically divergent from a point on or near the radiating surface. Hence, the pressure produced by the sound source is inversely pro
47、portional to the distance from that source. NOTE 2 For all practical calibrations, the separation distance between the sound source and the point where the pressure is measured is sufficiently large that the sound pressure is measured in the far field of the source. 3.13 free field sound field in a
48、homogeneous and isotropic medium in which the effects of the boundaries are negligible 9 EN 60565:2007 3.14 free-field sensitivity level twenty times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the free-field sensitivity fM to a reference sensitivity refM NOTE 1 The unit is the decibel, dB. NOTE 2
49、refM is equal to 1 VPa-1. NOTE 3 The use of units differing by a factor 10 to the power of n, (n being a positive or negative whole number) is allowed in accordance with the general rules for the SI system. In such cases, the value of refM is specially indicated. 3.15 free-field sensitivity of a hydroph
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