1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58 surface contamination monitoring assembliesThe European Standard EN 61098:2007 has the status of a
2、 British StandardICS 13.280Radiation protection instrumentation Installed personnel BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 61098:2007BS EN 61098:2007This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2007 BSI 2007ISBN 978 0 580 54583 2Amendments issued
3、 since publicationAmd. No. Date Commentsrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.National forewo
4、rdThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 61098:2007. It was derived by CENELEC from IEC 61098:2003.The CENELEC common modifications have been implemented at the appropriate places in the text and are indicated by tags .The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical
5、Committee NCE/2, Radiation protection and measurement.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61098 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM July 2007 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrote
6、chnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2007 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 61098:2007 E ICS 13.280 English version Radiation protection
7、instrumentation - Installed personnel surface contamination monitoring assemblies (IEC 61098:2003, modified) Instrumentation pour la radioprotection - Ensembles fixes pour la surveillance de la contamination de surface du personnel (CEI 61098:2003, modifie) Strahlenschutz-Messgerte - Festinstalliert
8、e Personenkontaminationsmonitore (IEC 61098:2003, modifiziert) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2007-04-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standar
9、d without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
10、language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic
11、, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. EN 61098:2007 2 Foreword The text of the Internatio
12、nal Standard IEC 61098:2003, prepared by SC 45B, Radiation protection instrumentation, of IEC TC 45, Nuclear instrumentation, together with the common modifications prepared by the CENELEC BTTF 111-3, Nuclear instrumentation and radiation protection instrumentation, was submitted to the formal vote
13、and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61098 on 2007-04-01. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2008-04-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with
14、the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2010-04-01 Clauses, subclauses, notes, tables and figures which are additional to those in IEC 61098:2003 are prefixed “Z”. Annexes ZA, ZB and ZC have been added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 61098:2003 was approved by C
15、ENELEC as a European Standard with agreed common modifications. _ 3 EN 61098:2007 CONTENTS 1 Scope and object5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Classification of assemblies9 4.1 According to type of radiation to be measured 10 4.2 According to type of surface.10 4.3 According t
16、o type.10 5 Design characteristics 11 5.1 Positioning of user.11 5.2 Size of user.12 5.3 Hand monitoring facilities.12 5.4 Foot monitoring facilities12 5.5 Body monitoring facilities .12 5.6 Visual display 13 5.7 Audible indicators 13 5.8 Monitoring period.13 5.9 Ease of decontamination13 5.10 Detec
17、tors used 14 6 Performance requirements and test procedures.14 6.1 General test procedure 14 6.2 Statistical fluctuations15 6.3 Reference sources.15 6.4 Nature of tests.15 6.5 Use of gas flow detectors.15 7 Radiation characteristics.16 7.1 Variation of response with source position16 7.2 Background
18、.18 7.3 Decision threshold (minimum detectable surface emission rate)19 7.4 Variation of response with energy 21 7.5 Response to other ionising radiations.24 7.6 Type and routine tests of performance .25 7.7 Linearity of indication.25 8 Overload protection 25 8.1 Requirements 25 8.2 Method of test .
19、25 9 Availability26 9.1 Warm-up time26 9.2 Power failure .26 10 Environmental conditions26 10.1 Temperature26 10.2 Relative humidity .27 10.3 Atmospheric pressure27 EN 61098:2007 4 11 Power supply27 11.1 Voltage and frequency.27 11.2 Electromagnetic compatibility.27 12 Storage 29 13 Documentation .2
20、9 13.1 Certificate29 13.2 Operation and maintenance manual .30 13.3 Operational instructions .30 13.4 Type test report .30 Annex A (informative) Explanation of the derivation of minimum detectable surface emission rate formula37 Annex ZA (informative) Examples of possible additional tests for furthe
21、r characterization of the sensitive volume 41 Annex ZB (informative) Summation of information from adjacent detectors42 Annex ZC (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications45 Figure 1 Vertical position of the source of radiation.33 Fi
22、gure 2 Position of the source of the radiation around the body .34 Figure 3 Detector for hand monitoring 35 Figure 4 Foot monitor.36 Table 1 Reference and standard test conditions .30 Table 2 Tests performed under standard test conditions .31 Table 3 Tests performed with variation of influence quant
23、ities.32 5 EN 61098:2007 RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTATION Installed personnel surface contamination monitoring assemblies 1 Scope and object This standard is applicable to the monitoring of the whole body (including the head), hands and feet but parts of this standard may be used for equipment d
24、esigned for the monitoring of radioactive contamination on the hands and/or feet only. This standard is applicable to: installed personnel monitoring equipment (all Clauses applicable); equipment for monitoring the hands (see the following Clauses and Subclauses: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.1.2, 7.2, 7.3.2, 7.
25、4.1.2 b), 7.4.2, 7.4.3.1, 7.4.3.2, 7.4.3.3 b), 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12); equipment for monitoring the feet (see the following Clauses and Subclauses: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.1.3, 7.2, 7.3.3, 7.4.1.2 c), 7.4.2, 7.4.3.1, 7.4.3.2, 7.4.3.3 c), 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13); equipment for m
26、onitoring the hands and feet (see the following Clauses and Subclauses 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.1.2, 7.1.3, 7.2, 7.3.2, 7.3.3, 7.4.1.2 b), 7.4.1.2 c), 7.4.2, 7.4.3.1, 7.4.3.2, 7.4.3.3 b), 7.4.3.3 c), 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12). The object of this International Standard is to define mechanical and o
27、perational character-istics, minimum performance characteristics and general test procedures for personnel monitoring equipment. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
28、 undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. This International Standard applies to contamination warning assemblies and monitors used for the monitoring of radioactive contamination on the surface of personnel whether they be clothed or not.
29、 The standard is applicable only to that type of equipment where the user takes no action other than to present himself and/or his hands and feet to the detectors. It is not applicable to equipment where the user or someone else moves detectors over the area to be monitored or the user passes quickl
30、y through the monitor. It is also not applicable to any peripheral equipment which may be associated with a particular type of equipment such as small article monitors. IEC 60050-151:2001, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Chapter 151: Electrical and magnetic devices IEC 60050-393:2003
31、, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Part 393: Nuclear instrumentation Physical phenomena and basic concepts EN 61098:2007 6 IEC 60050-394:1995 + A1:1996 + A2:2000, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Chapter 394: Nuclear instrumentation: Instruments IEC 60777:1983, Terminol
32、ogy, quantities and units concerning radiation protection IEC 60068 series, Environmental testing IEC 60359:2001, Electrical and electronic measurement equipment Expression of performance IEC 61187:1993, Electrical and electronic measuring equipment Documentation ISO 8769:1988, Reference sources for
33、 the calibration of surface contamination monitors Beta-emitters (maximum beta energy greater than 0,15 MeV) and alpha-emitters ISO 7503-1:1988, Evaluation of surface contamination Part 1: Beta-emitters (maximum beta energy greater than 0,15 MeV) and alpha-emitters ISO 8769-2:1996, Reference sources
34、 for the calibration of surface contamination monitors Part 2: Electrons of energy less than 0,15 MeV and photons of energy less than 1,5 MeV ISO 11929 series, Determination of the detection limit and decision threshold for ionizing radiation measurements 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of
35、this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050(393) and IEC 60050(394), as well as the following apply. NOTE In this standard, the word “shall“ signifies a mandatory requirement, the word “should” signifies a mandatory requirement except under certain circumstances which must be specifi
36、ed, and the word “may“ signifies an acceptable method or example of good practice. 3.1 warning assembly equipment designed to indicate either visually or audibly or both that some quantity exceeds a certain value. In this standard, it means primarily radioactive contamination on hands, feet, body or
37、 clothing. IEC 61000-4-2:1995 + A1:1998 + A2:2000, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques Section 2: Electronic discharge immunity test. Basic EMC publication IEC 61000-4-3:2002 + A1:2002, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-3: Testing and measurement t
38、echniques Radiated, radiofrequency, electromagnetic field immunity test IEC 61000-4-5:1995 + Corr. 1995 + A1:2000, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques Section 5: Surge immunity test IEC 61000-4-6:2003 + A1:2004, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-6:
39、 Testing and measurement techniques Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields IEC 61000-4-8:1993 + A1:2000, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4: Testing and measuring techniques Section 8: Power frequency magnetic field immunity test IEC 61000-4-12:1995 + A1:2000,
40、Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4: Testing and measuring techniques Section 12: Oscillatory waves immunity test IEC 60038:1983 + A1:1994 + A2:1997, IEC standard voltages 7 EN 61098:2007 3.2 surface emission rate of a source number of particles or photons of a given type above a given energy
41、 emerging per unit time from the source or its window (according to ISO 8769 definition) 3.3 response R ratio of the indicated value () to the quantity being measured (or its conventionally true value) (c) R = /c13.4 source efficiency (for alpha and beta emitters)1ratio between the surface emission
42、rate and the number of particles of the same type created or released within the source or its saturation layer thickness per unit time NOTE 1 Under this definition, the efficiency of a source would be expected to be not more than 0,5. However a contribution due to backscattered particles can enhanc
43、e this value considerably). NOTE 2 This definition applies to alpha sources and beta sources with maximum energy 150 keV. 3.5 high efficiency source one in which the efficiency for particles with energy greater than 0,59 keV is greater than 25 %, including backscattered particles 3.6 small source hi
44、gh efficiency source whose maximum active surface dimension does not exceed 1 cm 3.7 coefficient of variation ratio of the standard deviation s to the value of the arithmetic mean x of a set of n measurements xigiven by the following formula: coefficient of variation i=ni=ixx nxxsV12111= = 2 3.8 con
45、ventionally true value of a quantity best appropriate estimate of that quantity. This value and its uncertainty shall be determined from a secondary or primary standard, or by a reference instrument which has been calibrated against a secondary or primary standard. 3.9 error of indication difference
46、 between the indicated emission rate and the conventionally true emission rate at the point of measurement 1See ISO 8769. EN 61098:2007 8 3.10 ambient background that gamma radiation field in which the equipment is intended to operate which includes natural background and radiation due to radioactiv
47、e sources and/or plants adjacent to the instrument 3.11 reference background artificial background created to simulate the maximum ambient background for which the equipment is designed NOTE This background includes the naturally occurring background and additional radiation provided by a source of
48、Caesium 137 (or other radionuclide by agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer) placed at least 3 m from the detector of interest of the equipment under test. 3.12 uniformity of surface emission rate of sources2uniformity of a surface in respect to the surface emission rate in relation to th
49、e average surface emission rate. For the purpose of specifying the uniformity of a source in respect to surface emission rate per unit area, the source shall be considered as being made up of a number of portions of equal area. The uniformity shall then be specified as the estimated coefficient of variation of measurements of the individu
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