1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 61290-11-1:2008Optical amplifiers Test methods Part 11-1: Polarization mode dispersion parameter Jones matrix eigenanalysis (JME)ICS 33.180.30g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g4
2、8g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 61290-11-1:2008This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 58629 3National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementati
3、on of EN 61290-11-1:2008. It is identical to IEC 61290-11-1:2008. It supersedes BS EN 61290-11-1:2003 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee GEL/86, Fibre optics, to Subcommittee GEL/86/3, Fibre optic systems and active devices.A list of organ
4、izations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligatio
5、ns. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61290-11-1 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM August 2008 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung
6、Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2008 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 61290-11-1:2008 E ICS 33.180.30 Supersedes EN 61290-11-1:2003English version Optical amplifiers - Test methods - Part
7、11-1: Polarization mode dispersion parameter - Jones matrix eigenanalysis (JME) (IEC 61290-11-1:2008) Amplificateurs optiques - Mthodes dessais - Partie 11-1: Paramtre de dispersion du mode de polarisation - Analyse des vecteurs propres de la matrice de Jones (JME) (CEI 61290-11-1:2008) Prfverfahren
8、 fr Lichtwellenleiter-Verstrker - Teil 11-1: Polarisationsmoden-dispersionsparameter - Jones-Matrix-Eigenanalyse (JME) (IEC 61290-11-1:2008) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2008-06-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the
9、 conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists
10、 in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electro
11、technical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerla
12、nd and the United Kingdom. Foreword The text of document 86C/752/CDV, future edition 2 of IEC 61290-11-1, prepared by SC 86C, Fibre optic systems and active devices, of IEC TC 86, Fibre optics, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel Unique Acceptance Procedure and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61
13、290-11-1 on 2008-06-01. This European Standard supersedes EN 61290-11-1:2003. EN 61290-11-1:2008 specifically addresses additional types of optical amplifiers and also includes updated references. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by
14、publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2009-03-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2011-06-01 Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 61290-11-1:20
15、08 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. _ BS EN 61290-11-1:2008 2 CONTENTS 1 Scope and object4 2 Normative references .4 3 Acronyms, symbols and abbreviations 5 4 Apparatus.5 4.1 General .5 4.2 Tuneable laser 6 4.3 Polarization adjuster6 4.4 Polarizers6 4.5 Input
16、optics .6 4.6 Fibre pigtail .6 4.7 Optical lens system .6 4.8 Output optics.6 4.9 Polarimeter6 5 Procedure 7 6 Calculations .7 6.1 Jones matrix eigenanalysis calculations 7 6.2 Display of DGD versus wavelength8 6.3 Average DGD 8 6.4 Maximum DGD 8 7 Test results 8 Annex A (informative) Degree of pola
17、rization reduction due to optical amplifier ASE10 Bibliography12 Figure 1 Schematic diagram of equipment (typical) 5 Figure 2 Measurement example of the DGD for a typical optical amplifier 8 Figure A.1 Spectrum of optical amplifier output 10 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international
18、 publications with theircorresponding European publications .13 BS EN 61290-11-1:2008 3 OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS TEST METHODS Part 11-1: Polarization mode dispersion parameter Jones matrix eigenanalysis (JME) 1 Scope and object This part of IEC 61290 applies to all commercially available optical amplifier
19、s (OAs), including optical fibre amplifiers (OFAs) using active fibres, semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), and planar waveguide optical amplifiers (PWOAs). Polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) causes an optical pulse to spread in the time domain. This dispersion could impair the performance of a
20、 telecommunications system. The effect can be related to differential group velocity and corresponding arrival times of different polarization components of the signal. For a narrowband source, the effect can be related to a differential group delay (DGD) between pairs of orthogonally polarized prin
21、cipal states of polarization (PSP). Other information about PMD may be found in IEC 61282-9 in general and in IEC 61292-5 on OAs in particular. This test method describes a procedure for measuring the PMD of OAs. The measurement result is obtained from the measurement of the normalized Stokes parame
22、ters at two closely spaced wavelengths. The test method described herein requires a polarized signal at the input of the polarimeter with a degree of polarization (DOP) of at least 25 %. Although the test source is highly polarized, the DOP at the output of the OA is reduced by amplified spontaneous
23、 emission (ASE). Annex A analyses the impact of ASE on the DOP. In order to assure an accurate measurement, the DOP is measured as part of the measurement procedure. The method described herein has been shown to be immune to polarization-dependent gain (PDG) and polarization dependent loss (PDL) up
24、to approximately 1 dB. Although the Jones matrix eigenanalysis (JME) test method is in principle also applicable to unpumped (that is, unpowered) OAs, the JME technique in this standard applies to pumped (that is, powered) OAs only. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indis
25、pensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC/TR 61282-9, Fibre optic communication system design guides Part 9: Guidance on polarizati
26、on mode dispersion measurements and theory IEC/TR 61292-5, Optical amplifiers Part 5: Polarization mode dispersion parameter General information BS EN 61290-11-1:2008 4 3 Acronyms, symbols and abbreviations Wavelength interval Differential group delay (DGD) Optical frequency Angular optical frequenc
27、y F OA noise factor G Gain h Planks constant N() Power spectral density of the ASE Ps Amplified signal power ASE Amplified spontaneous emission DGD Differential group delay DOP Degree of polarization DUT Device (optical amplifier) under test JME Jones matrix eigenanalysis OA Optical amplifier OFA Op
28、tical fibre amplifier PDG Polarization-dependent gain PDL Polarization-dependent loss PMD Polarization-mode dispersion PWOA Planar waveguide optical amplifier PSP Principal states of polarization SOA Semiconductor optical amplifier 4 Apparatus 4.1 General Figure 1 provides a schematic diagram of the
29、 key components in a typical measurement system. 0 45 90Linear polarizersTunable laserPolarimeterPolarizationadjusterDUTIEC 393/03Figure 1 Schematic diagram of equipment (typical) BS EN 61290-11-1:2008 5 4.2 Tuneable laser Use single-line lasers or narrowband sources that can be varied or tuned acro
30、ss the intended measurement wavelength range. The spectral distribution shall be narrow enough so that light on the DUT remains polarized under all conditions of the measurement. 4.3 Polarization adjuster If the source is polarized, a polarization adjuster follows the laser and is set to provide rou
31、ghly circularly polarized light to the polarizers, so that the polarizers never cross polar-ization with the input light. If the source is unpolarized, this is not necessary. For the polarized source, adjust the polarization as follows. a) Set the tuneable laser wavelength to the centre of the range
32、 to be measured. b) Insert each of the three polarizers into the beam and perform three corresponding power measurements at the output of the polarizer. c) Adjust the source polarization via the polarization adjuster in such a way that the three powers fall within approximately a 3-dB range of one a
33、nother. In an open-beam version of the set-up, waveplates may perform the polarization adjustment. 4.4 Polarizers Three linear polarizers at relative angles of approximately 45 are arranged to be inserted into the light beam in turn. The actual relative angles shall be known. 4.5 Input optics An opt
34、ical lens system or single-mode fibre pigtail may be employed to excite the DUT. 4.6 Fibre pigtail If pigtails are used, interference effects due to reflections should be avoided. This may require index matching materials or angled cleaves. The pigtails shall be single-mode. 4.7 Optical lens system
35、If an optical lens system is used, some suitable means, such as a vacuum chuck, shall be used to support in a stable manner the input end of the fibre. 4.8 Output optics Couple all power emitted from the test fibre to the polarimeter. An optical lens system, a butt-splice to a single-mode fibre pigt
36、ail or an index-matched coupling made direct to the detector are examples of means that may be used. 4.9 Polarimeter Use a polarimeter to measure the three output states of polarization corresponding to insertion of each of the three polarizers. The wavelength range of the polarimeter shall include
37、the wavelengths produced by the light source. BS EN 61290-11-1:2008 6 5 Procedure a) Couple the light source through the polarization adjuster to the polarizers. b) Couple the output of the polarizers to the input of the DUT. c) Couple the output of the DUT to the input of the polarimeter. d) Select
38、 the wavelength interval over which the normalized Stokes parameters are to be measured. The maximum allowable value of (around the nominal wavelength 0) is set by the requirement c220max (1) where maxis the maximum expected DGD within 0 /2. For example, the product of the maximum DGD and the wavele
39、ngth interval shall remain less than 4 psnm at 1 550 nm and less than 2,8 psnm at 1 300 nm. This requirement ensures that from one test wavelength to the next, the output state of polarization rotates less than 180 about the principal states axis on the Poincar sphere. If a rough estimate of maxcann
40、ot be made, perform a series of sample measurements across the wavelength range, each measurement using a closely spaced pair of wavelengths appropriate to the spectral width and minimum tuning step of the optical source. Multiply the maximum DGD measured in this way by a safety factor of 3, substit
41、ute this value for maxin the above expression and compute the value of to be used in the actual measurement. If there is concern that the wavelength interval used for a measurement was too large, the measurement may be repeated with a smaller wavelength interval. If the shape of the curve of DGD ver
42、sus wavelength and the mean DGD is essentially unchanged, the original wavelength interval was satisfactory. e) Gather the measurement data. At the selected wavelengths, insert each of the polarizers and record the corresponding normalized Stokes parameters from the polarimeter. f) Calculate the DOP
43、 from the measured normalized Stokes parameters to determine if the measurement is valid. 232221sssDOP += (2) If the DOP is greater than 25 %, the measurement is valid. If the DOP is less than 25 %, increase the tuneable laser power and repeat step e). 6 Calculations 6.1 Jones matrix eigenanalysis c
44、alculations From the normalized Stokes parameters, compute the response Jones matrix at each wavelength. For each wavelength interval, compute the product of the Jones matrix (+) at the higher optical frequency and the inverse Jones matrix 1() at the lower optical frequency. The radian optical frequ
45、ency is expressed in radians per second and is related to the optical frequency by = 2. Find the DGD for the particular wavelength interval from the following expression: =21Arg(3) BS EN 61290-11-1:2008 7 where 1and 2 are the complex eigenvalues of (+) 1() and Arg denotes the argument function, that
46、 is Arg(ei) = . For the purposes of data analysis, each DGD value is taken to represent the differential group delay at the midpoint of the corresponding wavelength interval. 6.2 Display of DGD versus wavelength Data arising from Jones matrix eigenanalysis calculations may be plotted in an x-y forma
47、t with DGD on the vertical axis and wavelength on the horizontal axis as shown in Figure 2. 00,050,10,150,21 540 1 545 1 550 1 555 1 560 1 565Wavelength nmDGD psAverage DGD = 0,12 psIEC 394/03NOTE The DOP for this measurement ranges from 57 % to 79 %. Figure 2 Measurement example of the DGD for a ty
48、pical optical amplifier 6.3 Average DGD The expected PMD value of a single measurement is simply the average of the DGD measurement values corresponding to the wavelength intervals. If multiple measurements are performed under different conditions to increase the sample size, the ensemble average is
49、 used. 6.4 Maximum DGD The maximum DGD is the maximum measured value over the wavelength range. 7 Test results Report the following information for each test: a) the wavelength range over which the measurement was performed, and the wavelength step size (nm); b) the value of DGD at each wavelength (ps); c) the average DGD across the specified wavelength range (ps); d) the maximum DGD across the specified wavelength range (
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