BS EN 61400-24-2010 Wind turbines Lightning protection《风力涡轮机 避雷保护》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN 61400-24:2010Wind turbinesPart 24: Lightning protectionBS EN 61400-24:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 61400-24:20

2、10. PD IEC/TR 61400-24:2002 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PEL/88, Wind turbines.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the neces

3、saryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010 ISBN 978 0 580 64625 6 ICS 27.180 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Commi

4、ttee on 30 November 2010. Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dIt is identical to IEC 61400-24:2010 It supersedes .EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61400-24 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM July 2010 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normal

5、isation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2010 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 61400-24:2010 E ICS 27.180 English version Wind

6、turbines - Part 24: Lightning protection (IEC 61400-24:2010) Eoliennes - Partie 24: Protection contre la foudre (CEI 61400-24:2010) Windenergieanlagen - Teil 24: Blitzschutz (IEC 61400-24:2010) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2010-07-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the

7、 CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or

8、 to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the offici

9、al versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, P

10、ortugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. EN 61400-24:2010 - - Foreword The text of document 88/366/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61400-24, prepared by IEC TC 88, Wind turbines, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC

11、as EN 61400-24 on 2010-07-01. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN

12、 has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2011-04-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2013-07-01 Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text of

13、the International Standard IEC 61400-24:2010 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. _ BS EN 61400-24:2010ii- iii - EN 61400-24:2010 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications The following r

14、eferenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE When an international publication has been modified by comm

15、on modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD applies. Publication Year Title EN/HD Year - - Power installations exceeding 1 kV a.c. HD 637 S1 + corr. June 1999 2005 - - Lightning Protection Components (LPC) - Part 1: Requirements for connection components EN 50164-1 - IEC 60060-1 1989 Hi

16、gh-voltage test techniques - Part 1: General definitions and test requirements HD 588.1 S1 1991 IEC 60068 Series Environmental testing EN 60068Series IEC 60071 Series Insulation co-ordination EN 60071 Series IEC 60071-2 1996 Insulation co-ordination - Part 2: Application guide EN 60071-2 1997 IEC 60

17、099-4 - Surge arresters - Part 4: Metal-oxide surge arresters without gaps for a.c. systems EN 60099-4 - IEC 60099-5 - Surge arresters - Part 5: Selection and application recommendations EN 60099-5 - IEC 60204-1 - Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements

18、EN 60204-1 - IEC 60204-11 - Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 11: Requirements for HV equipment for voltages above 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c. and not exceeding 36 kV EN 60204-11 - IEC 60243-1 - Electrical strength of insulating materials - Test methods - Part 1: Tests a

19、t power frequencies EN 60243-1 - IEC 60243-3 - Electrical strength of insulating materials - Test methods - Part 3: Additional requirements for 1,2/50 s impulse tests EN 60243-3 - IEC 60364-4-44 - Low voltage electrical installations - Part 4-44: Protection for safety - Protection against voltage di

20、sturbances and electromagnetic disturbances HD 60364-4-444 - BS EN 61400-24:2010EN 61400-24:2010 - iv - Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 60364-5-53 + A1 (mod) 2001 2002 Electrical installations of buildings - Part 5-53: Selection and erection of electrical equipment - Isolation, switching and c

21、ontrol - - IEC 60464-2 - Varnishes used for electrical insulation - Part 2: Methods of test EN 60464-2 - IEC/TS 60479-1 - Effects of current on human beings and livestock - Part 1: General aspects - - IEC/TR 60479-4 - Effects of current on human beings and livestock - Part 4: Effects of lightning st

22、rokes on human beings and livestock - - IEC 60587 - Electrical insulating materials used under severe ambient conditions - Test methods for evaluating resistance to tracking and erosion EN 60587 - IEC 60664-1 - Insulation coordination for equipment within low-voltage systems - Part 1: Principles, re

23、quirements and tests EN 60664-1 - IEC 61000-4-5 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4-5: Testing and measurement techniques - Surge immunity test EN 61000-4-5 - IEC/TR 61000-5-2 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 5: Installation and mitigation guidelines - Section 2: Earthing and

24、cabling - - IEC/TS 61400-23 - Wind turbine generator systems - Part 23: Full-scale structural testing of rotor blades - - IEC 61643-1 - Low-voltage surge protective devices - Part 1: Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power distribution systems - Requirements and tests - - IEC 61643-1

25、2 - Low-voltage surge protective devices - Part 12: Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power distribution systems - Selection and application principles CLC/TS 61643-12 - IEC 61643-21 - Low voltage surge protective devices - Part 21: Surge protective devices connected to telecommunica

26、tions and signalling networks - Performance requirements and testing methods EN 61643-21 - IEC 61643-22 - Low-voltage surge protective devices - Part 22: Surge protective devices connected to telecommunications and signalling networks - Selection and application principlesCLC/TS 61643-22 - IEC 62153

27、-4-3 - Metallic communication cable test methods - Part 4-3: Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) - Surface transfer impedance - Triaxial method - - IEC 62305-1 2006 Protection against lightning - Part 1: General principles EN 62305-1 + corr. November 2006 2006 IEC 62305-2 2006 Protection against lig

28、htning - Part 2: Risk management EN 62305-2 + corr. November 2006 2006 BS EN 61400-24:2010- v - EN 61400-24:2010 Publication Year Title EN/HD Year IEC 62305-3 (mod) - 2006 - Protection against lightning - Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life hazard EN 62305-3 + corr. September + corr. Nove

29、mber + A11 2006 2008 2006 2009 IEC 62305-4 2006 Protection against lightning - Part 4: Electrical and electronic systems within structures EN 62305-4 + corr. November 2006 2006 ITU-T Recommendation K.20 - Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in a telecommunications centre to overvo

30、ltages and overcurrents - - ITU-T Recommendation K.21 - Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in customer premises to overvoltages and overcurrents - - ITU-T Recommendation K46 - Protection of telecommunication lines using metallic symmetric conductors against lightning-induced surg

31、es - - BS EN 61400-24:2010 4 61400-24 IEC:2010(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD.8 1 Scope.10 2 Normative references .10 3 Terms and definitions .12 4 Symbols and units 18 5 Abbreviations .20 6 Lightning environment for wind turbine .20 6.1 General .20 6.2 Lightning current parameters and lightning protection le

32、vels (LPL) 20 7 Lightning exposure assessment22 7.1 General .22 7.2 Assessing the frequency of lightning affecting a wind turbine 23 7.3 Assessing the risk of damage26 7.3.1 Basic equation.26 7.3.2 Assessment of risk components due to flashes to the wind turbine (S1) .27 7.3.3 Assessment of the risk

33、 component due to flashes near the wind turbine (S2) .27 7.3.4 Assessment of risk components due to flashes to a service line connected to the wind turbine (S3) 27 7.3.5 Assessment of risk component due to flashes near a service line connected to the wind turbine (S4) 28 8 Lightning protection of su

34、bcomponents.29 8.1 General .29 8.2 Blades.29 8.2.1 General .29 8.2.2 Requirements 29 8.2.3 Verification 29 8.2.4 Protection design considerations .30 8.2.5 Test methods.32 8.3 Nacelle and other structural components.32 8.3.1 General .32 8.3.2 Hub .33 8.3.3 Spinner33 8.3.4 Nacelle 33 8.3.5 Tower 34 8

35、.3.6 Testing methods34 8.4 Mechanical drive train and yaw system34 8.4.1 General .34 8.4.2 Bearings35 8.4.3 Hydraulic systems .35 8.4.4 Spark gaps and sliding contacts 35 8.4.5 Testing 35 8.5 Electrical low-voltage systems and electronic systems and installations 36 8.5.1 General .36 8.5.2 LEMP prot

36、ection measures (LPMS) .36 8.5.3 Lightning protection zones (LPZ) .37 BS EN 61400-24:201061400-24 IEC:2010(E) 5 8.5.4 Equipotential bonding within the wind turbine 37 8.5.5 Shielding and line routing 37 8.5.6 Coordinated SPD protection 38 8.5.7 Testing methods for system immunity tests41 8.6 Electri

37、cal high-voltage (HV) power systems.41 9 Earthing of wind turbines and wind farms .43 9.1 General .43 9.1.1 Basic requirements43 9.1.2 Earth electrode arrangements43 9.1.3 Earthing system impedance.44 9.2 Equipotential bonding44 9.2.1 General .44 9.2.2 Lightning equipotential bonding for metal insta

38、llations .44 9.2.3 Electrically insulated LPS 45 9.3 Structural components.45 9.3.1 General .45 9.3.2 Metal tubular type tower 45 9.3.3 Metal reinforced concrete towers.45 9.3.4 Lattice tower46 9.3.5 Systems inside the tower.46 9.3.6 Concrete foundation 46 9.3.7 Rocky area foundation.47 9.3.8 Metal

39、mono-pile foundation47 9.3.9 Offshore foundation .47 9.4 Electrode shape dimensions47 9.5 Wind farms48 9.6 Execution and maintenance of the earthing system .48 10 Personal safety 49 11 Documentation of lightning protection system.50 11.1 General .50 11.2 Documentation necessary during assessment for

40、 design evaluation 50 11.2.1 General documentation50 11.2.2 Documentation for rotor blades51 11.2.3 Documentation of mechanical systems 51 11.2.4 Documentation of electrical and electronic systems .51 11.2.5 Documentation of earthing and bonding systems .51 11.2.6 Documentation of nacelle cover, hub

41、 and tower lightning protection systems.51 11.3 Site specific information 52 11.4 Documentation to be provided for LPS inspections52 11.4.1 Visual LPS inspection report52 11.4.2 Complete LPS inspection report 52 11.5 Manuals 52 12 Inspection of lightning protection system 52 12.1 Scope of inspection

42、.52 12.2 Order of inspections 53 12.2.1 General .53 12.2.2 Inspection during production of the wind turbine 53 12.2.3 Inspection during installation of the wind turbine53 BS EN 61400-24:2010 6 61400-24 IEC:2010(E) 12.2.4 Inspection during commissioning of the wind turbine and periodic inspection53 1

43、2.2.5 Inspection after dismantling or repair of main parts54 12.3 Maintenance54 Annex A (informative) The lightning phenomenon in relation to wind turbines 55 Annex B (informative) Lightning exposure assessment 66 Annex C (informative) Protection methods for blades.84 Annex D (informative) Test spec

44、ifications 96 Annex E (informative) Application of lightning protection zones (LPZ) concept at a wind turbine 119 Annex F (informative) Selection and installation of a coordinated SPD protection in wind turbines 124 Annex G (informative) Additional information on bonding and shielding and installati

45、on technique128 Annex H (informative) Testing methods for system level immunity tests.133 Annex I (informative) Earth termination system 135 Annex J (informative) Example of defined measuring points.143 Annex K (informative) Typical lightning damage questionnaire.145 Annex L (informative) Monitoring

46、 systems148 Annex M (informative) Guidelines for small wind turbines Microgeneration149 Bibliography150 Figure 1 Collection area of the wind turbine .24 Figure 2 Effective height, H, of wind turbine exposed on a hill24 Figure 3 Collection area of wind turbine of height Haand another structure of hei

47、ght Hbconnected by underground cable of length Lc26 Figure 4a Squirel cage induction generator (SCIG) 42 Figure 4b Wound rotor induction generator (WRIG)42 Figure 4 Examples of placement of HV arresters in two typical main electrical circuits of wind turbines 42 Figure A.1 Processes involved in the

48、formation of a cloud-to-ground flash .57 Figure A.2 Typical profile of a negative cloud-to-ground flash (not to scale)58 Figure A.3 Definitions of short stroke parameters (typically T2 2 ms).58 Figure A.4 Definitions of long stroke parameters (typically 2 ms Tlong 1 s) (Figure A.2 in IEC 62305-1) 59

49、 Figure A.5 Possible components of downward flashes (typical in flat territory and to lower structures) (Figure A.3 in IEC 62305-1) .60 Figure A.6 Typical profile of a positive cloud-to-ground flash .60 Figure A.7 Typical profile of a negative upward initiated flash 61 Figure A.8 Possible components of upward flashes (typical to exposed and/or higher structures) (Figure A.4 in IEC 62305-1).63 Figure C.1 Types of wind turbine blades 85 Figure C.2 Lightning protection concepts for large modern win