BS EN 61660-1-1997 Short-circuit currents in d c auxiliary installations in power plants and substations - Calculation of short-circuit currents《发电厂和变电所直流辅助设备短路电流 第1部分 短路电流计算》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 61660-1:1997 Short-circuit currents in d.c auxiliary installations in power plants and substations Part 1: Calculation of short-circuit currents ICS 29.240.01 Incorporating corrigenda March1999 and March2000National foreword This British Standard is the UK implementation of EN

2、 61660-1:1997. It is identical with IEC 61660-1:1997, incorporating corrigenda March 1999 and March 2000. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PEL/73, Short-circuit currents. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to i

3、ts secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. BS EN 61660-1:1997 This British Standard, having been prepared u

4、nder the direction of the Electrotechnical Sector Board, was published under the authority of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15 October 1997 BSI 2009 ISBN 978 0 580 65814 3 Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Comments 31 October 2009 Implementation of IEC corrigenda Mar

5、ch 1999 and March 200. Replacement of equation 13 and Figure 18. EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 61660-1 July 1997 ICS 29.240.01 Descriptors: Short-circuit current, auxiliary installations, power plants, substation, calculation of currents English version Short-circuit currents

6、in d.c. auxiliary installations in power plants and substations Part 1: Calculation of short-circuit currents (IEC 61660-1:1997) Courants de court-circuit dans les installations auxiliaires alimentes en courant continu dans les centrales et les postes Partie 1: Calcul des courants de court-circuit (

7、CEI 61660-1:1997) Kurzschlulstrme in Gleichstrom-Eigenbedarfsanlagen in Kraftwerken und Schaltanlagen Teil 1: Berechnung der Kurzschlustrme (IEC 61660-1:1997) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 1997-07-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations w

8、hich stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This Europe

9、an Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are th

10、e national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de N

11、ormalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B-1050 Brussels 1997 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 61660-1:1997 E2 Foreword The text of docume

12、nt 73/84/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61660-1, prepared by IEC TC 73, Short-circuit currents, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61660-1 on 1997-07-01. The following dates were fixed: Annexes designated “normative” are part of the body of the standard.

13、Annexes designated “informative” are given for information only. In this standard, Annex ZA is normative and Annex A is informative. Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 61660-1:1997 was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without a

14、ny modification. Contents Page Foreword 2 1 General 5 1.1 Scope and object 5 1.2 Normative references 5 1.3 Definitions 5 1.4 Symbols and subscripts 7 2 Calculation of short-circuit currents 9 2.1 General 9 2.2 Calculating methods 11 2.3 Resistance and inductance of conductor 13 2.4 Rectifier 14 2.5

15、 Battery 17 2.6 Capacitor 19 2.7 DC motor with independent excitation 24 3 Calculation of the total short-circuit current 30 3.1 Correction factor 30 3.2 Superimposing the partial short-circuit currents at the short-circuit location 32 3.3 Standard approximation function 32 Annex A (informative) Equ

16、ations for the calculation of D , 0 D , 0 Cand t pC 34 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European publications 36 Figure 1 Diagrams of typical short-circuit currents 10 Figure 2 Standard approximation function 11 Figure 3 Equivalent circ

17、uit diagram for calculating the partial short-circuit currents 12 Figure 4 Bolted joint 13 Figure 5 Loop inductance per unit length 13 Figure 6 Equivalent circuit diagram of the rectifier for the calculation of short-circuit currents 14 Figure 7 Factor 2 Ddetermining the quasi steady-state short-cir

18、cuit current I kD 16 Figure 8 Factor 0 Dfor determining the peak short-circuit current i pD 17 Figure 9 Equivalent circuit diagram of the stationary lead-acid battery for the calculation of short-circuit currents 17 Figure 10 Time to peak t pBand rise-time constant E 1B 19 latest date by which the E

19、N has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 1998-04-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 1998-04-01 BS EN 61660-1:1997 EN 61660-1:1997 BSI 20093 Page Figure 11 Equivale

20、nt circuit diagram of the capacitor for the calculation of short-circuit currents 19 Figure 12 Factor 0 Cfor determining the peak short-circuit current i pC 21 Figure 13 Time to peak t pC 22 Figure 14 Factor k 1Cfor determining the rise-time constant E 1C 23 Figure 15 Factor k 2Cfor determining the

21、decay-time constant E 2C 24 Figure 16 Equivalent circuit diagram of an independently excited d.c. motor for the calculation of short-circuit currents 24 Figure 17 Factor 0 Mfor determining the peak short-circuit current i pMwith E mec 10 E F 26 Figure 18 Factors k 1Mand k 2Mfor determining the time

22、t pMand the rise-time constant E 1Mfor nominal and decreasing speed with E mecU 10 E F 27 Figure 19 Time to peak t pMfor decreasing speed with E mec 10 E F 28 Figure 20 Factor k 3Mfor determining the rise-time constant E 1Mfor decreasing speed with E mec 10 E F 29 Figure 21 Factor k 4Mfor determinin

23、g the decay-time constant E 2Mfor decreasing speed with E mec 10 E F 30 Figure 22 Typical time curves of the total short-circuit current 33 BS EN 61660-1:1997 EN 61660-1:1997 BSI 20094 blank5 1 General 1.1 Scope and object This part of IEC 61660 describes a method for calculating short-circuit curre

24、nts in d.c. auxiliary systems in power plants and substations. Such systems can be equipped with the following equipment, acting as short-circuit current sources: rectifiers in three-phase a.c. bridge connection for 50 Hz; stationary lead-acid batteries; smoothing capacitors; d.c. motors with indepe

25、ndent excitation. NOTE Rectifiers in three-phase a.c. bridge connection for 60 Hz are under consideration. The data of other equipment may be given by the manufacturer. This standard is only concerned with rectifiers in three-phase a.c. bridge connection. It is not concerned with other types of rect

26、ifiers. The purpose of the standard is to provide a generally applicable method of calculation which produces results of sufficient accuracy on the conservative side. Special methods, adjusted to particular circumstances, may be used if they give at least the same precision. Short-circuit currents,

27、resistances and inductances may also be ascertained from system tests or measurements on model systems. In existing d.c. systems the necessary values can be ascertained from measurements taken at the assumed short-circuit location. The load current is not taken into consideration when calculating th

28、e short-circuit current. It is necessary to distinguish between two different values of short-circuit current: the maximum short-circuit current which determines the rating of the electrical equipment; the minimum short-circuit current which can be taken as the basis for fuse and protection ratings

29、and settings. 1.2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of IEC 61660. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All normative documents are subject to revision, and partie

30、s to agreements based on this part of IEC 61660 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IEC 60038:1983, IEC standard voltages.

31、IEC 60050(151):1978, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Chapter 151: Electrical and magnetic devices. IEC 60050(441):1984, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) Chapter 441: Switchgear, controlgear and fuses. IEC 60896-1:1987, Stationary lead-acid batteries General requirement

32、s and methods of test Part 1: Vented types. Amendment 1 (1988) Amendment 2 (1990) IEC 60909:1988, Short-circuit current calculation in three-phase a.c. systems. IEC 61660-2:1997, Short-circuit currents in d.c. auxiliary installations in power plants and substations Part 2: Calculation of effects. 1.

33、3 Dfinitions For the purpose of this part of IEC 61660, the following definitions apply. 1.3.1 short circuit the accidental or intentional connection, by a relatively low resistance or impedance, of two or more points in a circuit which are normally at different voltages IEV 151-03-41 NOTE In this s

34、tandard the connection is assumed to have zero impedance. BS EN 61660-1:1997 EN 61660-1:1997 BSI 20096 1.3.2 short-circuit current an over-current resulting from a short circuit due to a fault or an incorrect connection in an electric circuit IEV 441-11-07 NOTE It is necessary to distinguish between

35、 the short-circuit current at the short-circuit location and in the network branches. 1.3.3 partial short-circuit current the short-circuit current at the short-circuit location being fed from one source with all other sources disconnected 1.3.4 common branch a network branch with several partial sh

36、ort-circuit currents from different sources 1.3.5 initial symmetrical short-circuit current I k the r.m.s. value of the a.c. symmetrical component of a prospective short-circuit current applicable at the instant of short circuit if the impedance remains at zero time value 1.3.6 peak short-circuit cu

37、rrent i p the maximum possible instantaneous value of the prospective short-circuit current at the d.c. side (Figure 1 and Figure 2) 1.3.7 quasi steady-state short-circuit current I k the value of the short-circuit current at the d.c. side 1 s after the beginning of the short circuit 1.3.8 time to p

38、eak t p the interval between the initiation of the short circuit and the peak value of the short-circuit current (Figure 1 and Figure 2) 1.3.9 short-circuit duration T k the time interval between the initiation of the short circuit and the breaking of the d.c. short-circuit current 1.3.10 nominal sy

39、stem voltage U n voltage (line-to-line) by which a three-phase a.c. system is designated and to which certain operating characteristics are referred. Values are given in IEC 60038 1.3.11 nominal voltage U nBof a lead-acid battery the nominal voltage of a lead-acid battery is given by the manufacture

40、r. If the value is unknown, then the nominal voltage of one cell 2,0 V multiplied by the number of cells in series may be used 1.3.12 stationary battery a battery designed for service in a fixed location and which is permanently connected to the load and to the associated battery charging circuit (s

41、ee IEC 60896-1) 1.3.13 final voltage of a battery (end-of-discharge voltage) the minimum permissible voltage after a specified discharge time BS EN 61660-1:1997 EN 61660-1:1997 BSI 20097 1.4 Symbols and subscripts All equations are written without specifying units. The symbols represent quantities p

42、ossessing both numerical values and dimensions that are independent of units, provided a coherent unit system is chosen, for example the International System of Units (SI). 1.4.1 Symbols A Conductor cross-section a Centre-line distance between conductors d Thickness of rectangular conductor C Capaci

43、tance c Voltage factor according to IEC 60909 cU n / Equivalent voltage source according to IEC 60909 E B Open-circuit voltage of a battery f System frequency b Height of rectangular conductor I k Three-phase initial symmetrical short-circuit current I k Quasi steady-state short-circuit current I r

44、Rated current i Instantaneous value of current i 1 , i 2 Sections of the standard approximation function i Br Short-circuit current in a branch i p Peak short-circuit current i cor Corrected current J Moment of inertia of the whole rotating part k 1C , k 2C Factors for calculating the rise-time and

45、decay-time constant of the capacitor current k 1M Factor for calculating the time to peak of the motor current k 2M , k 3M Factors for calculating the rise-time constant of the motor current k 4M Factor for calculating the decay-time constant of the motor current L, L Inductance, inductance per unit

46、 length L F Equivalent saturated inductance of the field circuit at short circuit L OF Equivalent unsaturated inductance of the field circuit at no-load l Length M r Rated torque of the motor n, n o , n n Motor speed, no-load motor speed, nominal motor speed p Ratio I k /i p R, R Resistance, resista

47、nce per unit length R joint Joint resistance r Radius of the conductor T k Short-circuit duration t Time t p Time to peak U Voltage at the short-circuit location before short circuit U n Nominal system voltage of the three-phase a.c. system, line-to-line (r.m.s.) U nB Nominal voltage of a battery X

48、Reactance Z N Impedance of the three-phase a.c. network 3 BS EN 61660-1:1997 EN 61660-1:1997 BSI 20098 1.4.2 Subscripts $ Decay coefficient 0 Factor for calculating the peak short-circuit current 2 D Factor for calculating the quasi steady-state short-circuit current of the rectifier 4 o Absolute pe

49、rmeability of vacuum, 4 o= 4 ;10 7H/m Resistivity B Correction factor for the partial short-circuit current E M Armature time constant of the motor E F Field circuit time constant of the motor E mec Mechanical time constant of the motor E 1 , E 2 Rise-time, decay-time constants of the standard approximation function 6 o , 6 d Undamped, damped natural angular frequency a.c. Alternating current B Battery Br Branch on the d.c. side C Capacitor cor Corrected D Rectifier d.c.