1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 61660-2:1997 IEC 61660-2: 1997 Short-circuit currents in DC auxiliary installations in power plants and substations Part 2: Calculation of effects The European Standard EN61660-2:1997has the status of a British Standard ICS 29.240.01BSEN61660-2:1997 This British Standard, havi
2、ng been prepared under the directionof the Electrotechnical Sector Board, was published underthe authority of the Standards Board and comes intoeffect on 15October1997 BSI 03-2000 ISBN 0 580 28530 8 National foreword This British Standard is the English language version of EN61660-2:1997. It is iden
3、tical with IEC61660-2:1997. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PEL/73, Short-circuit currents, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretat
4、ion, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. From1January1997, all IEC publications have the
5、number60000added to the old number. For instance, IEC27-1has been renumbered as IEC60027-1. For a period of time during the change over from one numbering system to the other, publications may contain identifiers from both systems. Cross-references Attention is drawn to the fact that CEN and CENELEC
6、 Standards normally include an annex which lists normative references to international publications with their corresponding or European publications. The British Standards which implement these international or European publications may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section enti
7、tled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Complia
8、nce with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theEN title page, pages 2 to 36 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
9、 amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSEN61660-2:1997 BSI 03-2000 i Contents Page National foreword Inside front cover Foreword 2 Text of EN 61660-2 5ii blankEUROPEAN STANDARD NORM
10、E EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 61660-2 July 1997 ICS 29.240.01 Descriptors: Short-circuit current, auxiliary installations, power plants, substation, calculation of effects English version Short-circuit currents in d.c. auxiliary installations in power plants and substations Part 2: Calculation of e
11、ffects (IEC 61660-2:1997) Courants de court-circuit dans les installations auxiliaires alimentes en courant continu dans les centrales et les postes Partie 2: Calcul des effets (CEI 61660-2:1997) Kuzschlustrme in Gleichstrom-Eigenbedarfsanlagen in Kraftwerken und Schaltanlagen Teil 2: Berechnung der
12、 Wirkungen (IEC 61660-2:1997) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 1997-07-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-d
13、ate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation unde
14、r the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, L
15、uxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom. CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B-1050 Bru
16、ssels 1997 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 61660-2:1997 EEN61660-2:1997 BSI 03-2000 2 Foreword The text of document73/85/FDIS, future edition1of IEC61660-2, prepared by IEC TC73, Short-circuit currents, was submitted
17、 to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN61660-2on1997-07-01. The following dates were fixed: Annexes designated “normative” are part of the body of the standard. Annexes designated “informative” are given for information only. In this standard, Annex ZA is normative and An
18、nex A and Annex B are informative. Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC61660-2:1997was approved by CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication
19、of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 1998-04-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 1998-04-01EN61660-2:1997 BSI 03-2000 3 Contents Page Foreword 2 1 General 5 1.1 Scope 5 1.2 Normative references 5 1.3 Symbols and units
20、 5 1.4 Definitions 8 2 Electromagnetic effect on rigid conductors 9 2.1 General 9 2.2 Calculation of electromagnetic forces 10 2.3 Calculation of stresses in rigid conductors and forces on supports 11 2.4 Design load for post insulators, their supports and connectors 16 3 Thermal effect on bare cond
21、uctors and electrical equipment 16 3.1 General 16 3.2 Calculation of temperature rise 16 Annex A (informative) Equations for calculations of diagrams 31 Annex B (informative) Bibliography 35 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publications with their corresponding European pub
22、lications 36 Figure 1 Factor k 1sfor calculating the effective conductor distance 21 Figure 2 Loading direction and bending axis for multiple conductor arrangements 22 Figure 3 Factor c for the influence of connecting pieces in equation (16) 23 Figure 4 Standard approximation function for the curren
23、t defined and substitute rectangular function 24 Figure 5 Factors m F1and m F2 25 Figure 6 Factors m g1and m g2 26 Figure 7 Factors m lg1and m lg2 27 Figure 8 Parameters of the rectangular substitute function for the squared current as a result of an exponentially rising current 28 Figure 9 Factors
24、V F , V Band V Bsfor calculation of dynamic insulator forces and conductor stresses 29 Figure 10 Relation between rated short-time withstand current density (T kr= 1s) and conductor temperature 30 Page Table 1 Effective distance a sbetween subconductors in metres, for rectangular cross-section dimen
25、sions 18 Table 2 Maximum possible values of V B , V Bsand V F 19 Table 3 Factors !, “ and * for different busbar support arrangements 19 Table 4 Factor q 20 Table 5 Section moduli Z of main conductors with two or more stiffening elements between two adjacent supports 20 Table 6 Recommended highest t
26、emperatures for mechanically stressed conductors during a short circuit 214 blankEN61660-2:1997 BSI 03-2000 5 1 General 1.1 Scope This part of IEC61660describes a method for calculation of the mechanical and thermal effects on rigid conductors caused by short-circuit currents in d.c. auxiliary insta
27、llations in power plants and substations. Such systems may contain the following items of equipment which act as sources, as well as contributing to the short-circuit currents: rectifiers in three-phase a.c. bridge connection for50Hz; stationary lead-acid batteries; smoothing capacitors; d.c. motors
28、 with independent excitation. This standard provides a method which has wide application, and which gives results of sufficient accuracy. The calculation method is based on substitute functions, which cause approximately the same maximum stresses in the conductors and the same forces on the supports
29、 as the actual electromagnetic force. The standardized calculation procedures of clauses 2 and 3 are applicable for the electromagnetic effect on rigid conductors and the thermal effect on bare conductors and electrical equipment, respectively. For cables and insulated conductors, however, reference
30、 is made to IEC60949and IEC60986, for example. Only d.c. auxiliary installations in power plants and substations are dealt with in this standard. In particular, the following points should be noted: The calculation of short-circuit currents should be based on IEC61660-1. Short-circuit duration used
31、in this standard depends on the protection concept, and should be considered in that sense. These standardized procedures are adjusted to practical requirements, and contain simplifications with safety margins. Testing or more detailed methods of calculation or both may be used. In clause 2of this s
32、tandard, only the stresses caused by short-circuit currents are calculated. Furthermore, other stresses can exist, such as those caused by dead-load, operating forces, or earthquakes. The combination of these loads with the short-circuit loading should be part of an agreement and/or given by standar
33、ds, for example erection codes. 1.2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text constitute provisions of this part of IEC61660. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All normative documents are subject to re
34、vision, and parties to agreements based on this part of IEC61660are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IEC60865-1:1993, Short-
35、circuit currents Calculation of effects Part1: Definitions and calculation methods. IEC60865-2:1994, Short-circuit currents Calculation of effects Part2: Examples of calculation. IEC60949:1988, Calculation of thermally permissible short-circuit currents, taking into account non-adiabatic heating eff
36、ects. IEC60986:1989, Guide to the short-circuit temperature limits of electric cables with a rated voltage from1,8/3 (3,6) kV to18/30 (36) kV. IEC61660-1:1997, Short-circuit currents in d.c. auxiliary installations in power plants and substations Part1: Calculation of short-circuit currents. 1.3 Sym
37、bols and units All equations used in this standard are quantity equations in which quantity symbols represent physical quantities possessing both numerical values and dimensions. The symbols used in this standard and their exemplary SI units are given in the following lists.EN61660-2:1997 6 BSI 03-2
38、000 1.3.1 Symbols for clause 2: electromagnetic effects A i Impulse for determining the parameters of the substitute rectangular function A 2 s A s Cross-section of one subconductor m 2 a Centre line distance between conductors m a m Effective distance between neighbouring main conductors m a s Effe
39、ctive distance between subconductors m a 1n Centre line distance between subconductor1and subconductor n m a 1s Centre line distance between subconductors m b Dimension of a subconductor perpendicular to the direction of the force m b m Dimension of a main conductor perpendicular to the direction of
40、 the force m c Factor for the influence of connecting pieces 1 D Outer diameter of tubular conductor m d Dimension of a subconductor in the direction of the force m d m Dimension of a main conductor in the direction of the force m E Youngs modulus N/m 2 F Force acting between two, parallel, long con
41、ductors during a short circuit N F R Force between main conductors caused by the substitute rectangular function N F Rs Force between subconductors caused by the substitute rectangular function N F d Force on support (peak value) N F m Force between main conductors during a short circuit (peak value
42、) N F s Force between subconductors during a short circuit N f c Relevant natural frequency of a main conductor Hz f cs Relevant natural frequency of a subconductor Hz g n Value of acceleration of gravity m/s 2 I g Value for determining of the parameters of the substitute rectangular function A 2 s
43、3 I R Current of the substitute rectangular function for the calculation of the force between main conductors A I Rs Current of the substitute rectangular function for the calculation of the force between subconductors A I k Quasi steady-state short-circuit current A i p Peak short-circuit current A
44、 i 1 , i 2 Instantaneous values of current in conductors in the sections of the standard approximation function A i L1 , i L2 Instantaneous values of currents in the conductors L1and L2 A J Second moment of main conductor area m 4 J s Second moment of subconductor area m 4 k Number of sets of spacer
45、s or stiffening elements 1 k 1n Factor for effective conductor distance between subconductor1and subconductor n 1 k 1s Factor for effective conductor distance 1 l Centre line distance between supports m l s Centre line distance between connecting pieces m m Mass per unit length of main conductor kg/
46、mEN61660-2:1997 BSI 03-2000 7 1.3.2 Symbols for clause 3: Thermal effects m s Mass per unit length of subconductor kg/m m z Total mass of one set of connecting pieces kg m g1 , m g2 , m lg1 , m lg2 , m F1 , m F2 Factors for determining the parameters of the substitute rectangular function 1 n Number
47、 of subconductors of a main conductor 1 p Ratio I k /i p 1 q Factor of plasticity 1 R p0,2 Stress corresponding to the yield point N/m 2 s Wall thickness of tubes m T k Short-circuit duration s T me Vibration period of the main conductor s T mes Vibration period of the subconductor s t p Time to pea
48、k s t R Time of substitute rectangular function for the calculation of the force between main conductors s t Rs Time of the substitute rectangular function for the calculation of the force between subconductors s V F Ratio of dynamic and static force on supports 1 V B Ratio of dynamic and static mai
49、n conductor stress 1 V Bs Ratio of dynamic and static subconductor stress 1 Z Section modulus of main conductor m 3 Z s Section modulus of subconductor m 3 ! Factor for force on support 1 “ Factor for main conductor stress 1 * Factor for relevant natural frequency estimation 1 4 0 Magnetic constant, permeability of vacuum H/m B m Bending stress caused by the forces between main conductors N/m 2 B s Bending stress caused by the forces between subconductors N/m 2 B tot Resulting conductor stress N/
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