1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 61986:2002 IEC 61986:2002 Rotating electrical machines Equivalent loading and super-position techniques Indirect testing to determine temperature rise The European Standard EN 61986:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICS 29.160.01 NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEP
2、T AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBS EN 61986:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the direction of the Electrotechnical Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 4 April 2002 BSI 4 April 2002 ISBN 0 580 3
3、9262 7 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 61986:2002. It is identical with IEC 61986:2002. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PEL/2, Rotating electrical machinery, which has the responsibility to: A list of
4、 organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. From 1 January 1997, all IEC publications have the number 60000 added to the old number. For instance, IEC 27-1 has been renumbered as IEC 60027-1. For a period of time during the change over from one numbering
5、 system to the other, publications may contain identifiers from both systems. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Cor
6、respondence Index”, or by using the “Find” facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does
7、not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European develop
8、ments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page, pages 2 to 25 and a back cover. The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Am
9、d. No. Date CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARD EN 61986 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM February 2002 CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1
10、050 Brussels 2002 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No. EN 61986:2002 E ICS 29.160.01 English version Rotating electrical machines Equivalent loading and super-position techniques Indirect testing to determine temperature r
11、ise (IEC 61986:2002) Machines lectriques tournantes Charge quivalente et techniques par superposition Essais indirects pour dterminer lchauffement (CEI 61986:2002) Drehende elektrische Maschinen - Verfahren der quivalenten Belastung und berlagerung Indirekte Prfung zur Ermittlung der bertemperatur (
12、IEC 61986:2002) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2001-09-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and
13、bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsi
14、bility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
15、 Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EN 61986:2002 - 2 - Foreword The text of document 2G/115/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61986, prepared by SC 2G, Test methods and procedures, of IEC TC 2, Rotating machinery, was submitted to the IEC-CEN
16、ELEC parallel vote and was approved by CENELEC as EN 61986 on 2001-09-01. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2002-10-01 latest date by which the national standard
17、s conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2004-09-01 Annexes designated “normative“ are part of the body of the standard. In this standard, annex ZA is normative. Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 61986:2002 was approved by
18、 CENELEC as a European Standard without any modification. _ Page2 EN61986:2002 BSI4April200261986 IEC:2002 3 CONTENTS 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references. 4 3 Symbols and units . 5 4 General test requirements 6 5 Principle of superposition tests 6 5.1 General 6 5.2 Permissible temperature rise at super
19、position tests 7 6 Superposition methods for induction motors. 8 6.1 Method of reduced voltage and rated current 8 6.2 Method of rated voltage and reduced current.10 6.3 Method for wound-rotor induction motors.11 7 Superposition methods for synchronous machines11 7.1 Method of open circuit, short ci
20、rcuit, zero excitation.11 7.2 Method of zero power factor and open circuit loading 12 8 Superposition method for d.c. machines .13 9 Principle of equivalent load tests 13 9.1 General .13 9.2 Permissible temperature rise at equivalent load tests 14 10 Equivalent load tests for induction motors.14 10.
21、1 Forward short-circuit test .14 10.2 Modulated frequency method.15 10.3 DC injection.16 10.4 Mixed-frequency or bi-frequency method .17 11 Equivalent load test for synchronous machines Zero power factor18 Figure 1 Graphical superposition method for induction motors20 Figure 2 Derivation of field te
22、mperature rise at rated load (synchronous machines)21 Figure 3 Test circuit for d.c.-injection equivalent load test 22 Figure 4 Mixed-frequency test Generators in series.22 Figure 5 Mixed-frequency test Series transformer .23 Figure 6 Combination of torque and current at the operating point in a mix
23、ed-frequency test23 Figure 7 Rotor-feeding mixed-frequency method 24 Annex ZA (normative) Mormative references to international publications eith their corresponding European publications25 Page3 EN61986:2002 BSI4April200261986 IEC:2002 4 ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES EQUIVALENT LOADING AND SUPER-POS
24、ITION TECHNIQUES INDIRECT TESTING TO DETERMINE TEMPERATURE RISE 1 Scope This International Standard applies to machines covered by IEC 60034-1 when they cannot be loaded to a specific condition (rated or otherwise) for whatever reason. It is applicable to both motors and generators but the methods a
25、re not suitable for machines of and below 1 kW. The object of this standard is to provide descriptions of various indirect load tests, the purpose of which is to determine the temperature rise of rotating electrical machines, including a.c. induction machines, a.c. synchronous machines and d.c. mach
26、ines. The test methods in some cases provide, in addition, a means of measuring or estimating other parameters such as losses and vibration, but the methods are not designed specifically to provide such data. The proposed methods of test are considered equivalent, the choice of them relying only on
27、the location, the testing apparatus and the kind of machine, and the test result accuracy. It is not intended that this standard be interpreted as requiring the carrying out of any or all of the tests described therein on any given machine. The particular tests to be carried out are subject to a spe
28、cial agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. As the methods reproduce only approximately the thermal conditions of the machines which occur under normal rated condition, temperature-rise measurement results achieved from tests with these methods can be taken as the basis for the evalua
29、tion of machine heating according to 7.10 of IEC 60034-1 by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated referen
30、ces, subsequent amend- ments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated ref
31、erences, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. IEC 60034-1, Rotating electrical machines Part 1: Rating and performance IEC 60034-2, Rotating electrical machines Part 2: Methods for dete
32、rmining losses and efficiency of rotating electrical machinery from tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles) Page4 EN61986:2002 BSI4April200261986 IEC:2002 5 3 Symbols and units K 11 , K 22 , etc. coefficient of heating losses determining the temperature rise of component 1 due to losses in
33、component 1, etc., K/W K 12 , K 13 , etc. coefficient of heating losses determining the temperature rise of component 1 due to losses in component 2, etc., K/W temperature rise, K temperature, C K slope factor of the straight line characterizing variation of temperature rise with losses, K/W P loss,
34、 W I current, A R resistance, X L stator leakage reactance, V voltage, V f frequency, Hz angular frequency, rad/s f 1,2 main/auxiliary frequency, Hz t time interval, s ratio of auxiliary voltage to main voltage F modulation frequency, Hz amplitude of frequency modulation, Hz T torque, Nm J moment of
35、 inertia, kgm 2 cos power factor test accuracy, % correction factor Subscripts m, n, o, p test conditions 1, 2, 3, etc. machine component (for example, stator winding, rotor winding, stator core, etc.) tt e s t ff i e l d Aa m b i e n t s stator N rated value overexcited/open-circuit underexcited/sh
36、ort-circuit super superposition test equiv equivalent load test Page5 EN61986:2002 BSI4April200261986 IEC:2002 6 4 General test requirements Measurement of the electrical parameters shall be made as follows. a) The class of accuracy of measuring instruments shall be not greater than 0,2, with the ex
37、ception of wattmeters with cos lower than 0,5 and frequency meters, which may have accuracy class 0,5. b) The measuring range of the instruments shall be chosen with a view to the measured values being higher than 30 % of the full-scale range. These requirements need not be complied with in the case
38、 of the three-phase power measurement by means of two wattmeters, but the currents and voltages in the measured circuits shall be at least 20 % of the rated currents and voltages of the wattmeters being used. The range of the other measuring instruments shall be chosen in such a way that the measuri
39、ng errors are not increased. c) The waveform and dissymmetry of the supply voltage at the machine terminals shall be in accordance with the requirements of 6.1 to 6.5 of IEC 60034-1. d) Each line current shall be measured. If these are unequal, the arithmetic average value shall be used to determine
40、 the machine operating point. e) Power input to a three-phase machine may be measured by two single-phase wattmeters connected as in the two-wattmeter method, or one polyphase wattmeter, or three single- phase wattmeters. The total power read on a wattmeter shall be reduced by the amount of the I 2
41、R loss in the voltage circuits or in the current circuits of the instruments according to their connection whenever this loss is a measurable portion of the total power. There is no need to reduce the total power read on a wattmeter by the amount of the I 2 R losses for digital measuring instruments
42、. All the electrical quantities to be measured are root-mean-square values unless otherwise indicated. 5 Principle of superposition tests 5.1 General Superposition tests may be applied to any d.c. or a.c. machine. The method comprises a series of tests at operating conditions other than rated load,
43、for example, reduced load, no load, short circuit, reduced voltage, leading (underexcited) or lagging (overexcited) reactive load. The method allows the full-load temperature rise of various component parts of the machine to be deduced. For each component, the loss shall be known at each particular
44、test condition and at full load. The tests should be undertaken with cooling conditions the same as when operating at rated load. Hence, a locked rotor test will not be suitable as the air-flow distribution and magnitudes will be incorrect. On completion of the individual tests, a series of equation
45、s is constructed, each equation being of the form: 1m = K 11 P 1m + K 12 P 2m + K 13 P 3m where 1m is the measured temperature rise of component 1 for test m; P 1m ,P 2m etc. is the loss in component 1, 2, etc. for test condition m; K 11 ,K 12 , etc. are the coefficients of heating losses determinin
46、g the temperature rise of com- ponent 1 due to losses in component 1, and the temperature rise of component 1 due to losses in component 2, etc. Page6 EN61986:2002 BSI4April200261986 IEC:2002 7 Components 1, 2, and 3 might be, for example, the stator winding, the stator iron, and the rotor winding.
47、In some test conditions, certain losses may be equal to zero, and hence the related term in the equation disappears. For example, a synchronous machine has K 11 P 1= 0 at no load and K 12 P 2= 0 at short circuit. The method is based on the principle that the coefficients K do not change from test to
48、 test, i.e. that the cooling conditions are invariable between tests, which requires the speed to be the same in each test. The method is also based on the principle of the linear thermal conditions so that temperature rises in one case can be added to those for another case. It requires the losses
49、in the relevant component parts to be known sufficiently accurately for each case, either by calculation or measurement. When the tests have been completed and the equations compiled, then by simple arithmetic the coefficients K can be derived. These are then used in a final equation with the losses for the rated load condition in order to calculate the temperature rise of component 1. By similar means, th
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