1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationPassive RF and microwave devices, intermodulationlevel measurementPart 6: Measurement of passive intermodulation in antennasBS EN 62037-6:2013National forewordThis British Standa
2、rd is the UK implementation of EN 62037-6:2013. It is identical to IEC 62037-6:2013. Together with BS EN 62037-1:2012, BS EN 62037-2:2013, BS EN 62037-3:2012, BS EN 62037-4:2012 and BS EN 62037-5:2013, it supersedes BS EN 62037:2000, which will be withdrawn on 15 July 2015.The UK participation in it
3、s preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee EPL/46, Cables, wires and waveguides, radio frequency connectors and accessories for communication and signalling.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to
4、include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013.ISBN 978 0 580 58422 0 ICS 33.040.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.T
5、his British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS EN 62037-6:2013EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 62037-6 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM April 2013CENELEC European Commit
6、tee for Electrotechnical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels 2013 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC membe
7、rs. Ref. No. EN 62037-6:2013 E ICS 33.040.20 Supersedes EN 62037:1999 (partially) English version Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement - Part 6: Measurement of passive intermodulation in antennas (IEC 62037-6:2013) Dispositifs RF et micro-ondes passifs, mesure du nivea
8、u dintermodulation - Partie 6: Mesure de lintermodulation passive dans les antennes (CEI 62037-6:2013) Passive HF- und Mikrowellenbauteile, Messung des Intermodulationspegels - Teil 6: Messung der passiven Intermodulation in Antennen (IEC 62037-6:2013) This European Standard was approved by CENELEC
9、on 2013-02-20. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards m
10、ay be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and
11、notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germa
12、ny, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 62037-6:2013EN 62037-6:2013 Foreword The text of document 46/410/FDIS, future e
13、dition 1 of IEC 62037-6, prepared by IEC TC 46 “Cables,wires, waveguides, R.F. connectors, R.F. and microwave passive components and accessories“ wassubmitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 62037-6:2013. The following dates are fixed: latest date by which the document
14、 has to be implemented at national level bypublication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2013-11-20 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the document have to be withdrawn (dow) 2016-02-20 This document partially supersedes EN 62037:1999. Attention is d
15、rawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject ofpatent rights. CENELEC and/or CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patentrights. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 62037-6:2013 was approved by CENELEC as
16、a EuropeanStandard without any modification. BS EN 62037-6:2013EN 62037-6:2013 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indis
17、pensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undatedreferences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relev
18、ant EN/HDapplies. Year Publication EN/HD Title Year IEC 62037-1 2012 Passive RF and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement - Part 1: General requirements and measuringmethods EN 62037-1 2012 IEC 62037-3 - Passive RF and microwave devices,intermodulation level measurement - Part 3: Meas
19、urement of passiveintermodulation in coaxial connectors EN 62037-3 - BS EN 62037-6:201362037-6 IEC:2013(E) CONTENTS 1 Scope . . 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Abbreviations . 5 4 Antenna definitions as it pertains to PIM 5 4.1 Antenna 5 4.2 Antenna under test 6 4.3 Active antenna . . 6 4.4 Antenna P
20、IM 6 5 Antenna design and field installation considerations . 6 5.1 Environmental effects on PIM performance 6 5.2 Antenna interface connection 6 5.3 Mounting considerations to avoid PIM generation 6 5.4 Neighbouring sources of interference . . 7 5.5 Standard practices and guidelines for material se
21、lection . 7 6 PIM measurement considerations . 7 6.1 Quality assurance process and handling procedures . . 7 6.2 Measurement accuracy 7 6.3 Test environment. 8 6.4 Safety . 8 6.5 Test set-up . 8 6.5.1 Coaxial test cable assemblies . . 8 6.5.2 Defining a good low PIM reference load . 8 6.5.3 Test set
22、-up and test site baseline PIM verification . 8 6.6 PIM test configurations . 9 6.7 Combined environmental and PIM testing . 10 6.7.1 General . 10 6.7.2 Mechanical considerations . 10 6.7.3 Test system cables and connectors 11 6.8 PIM test chamber design . 11 6.8.1 General . 11 6.8.2 RF absorber mat
23、erials . . 11 6.8.3 Supporting structures and walls . . 12 6.8.4 RF shielding . 12 Figure 1 Antenna reverse PIM test set-up . 9 Figure 2 Antenna forward PIM test set-up . 10 BS EN 62037-6:201362037-6 IEC:2013(E) 5 PASSIVE RF AND MICROWAVE DEVICES, INTERMODULATION LEVEL MEASUREMENT Part 6: Measuremen
24、t of passive intermodulation in antennas 1 Scope This part of IEC 62037 defines test fixtures and procedures recommended for measuring levels of passive intermodulation generated by antennas, typically used in wireless communication systems. The purpose is to define qualification and acceptance test
25、 methods for antennas for use in low intermodulation (low IM) applications. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated re
26、ferences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 62037-1:2012, Passive r.f. and microwave devices, intermodulation level measurement Part 1: General requirements and measuring methods IEC 62037-3, Passive r.f. and microwave devices, intermodulation leve
27、l measurement Part 3: Measurement of passive intermodulation in coaxial connectors 3 Abbreviations AIM Active intermodulation AUT Antenna under test ESD Electrostatic discharge HPA High power amplifier IM Intermodulation LNA Low noise amplifier PIM Passive intermodulation RF Radio frequency 4 Antenn
28、a definitions as it pertains to PIM 4.1 Antenna An antenna is that part of a radio transmitting or receiving system which is designed to provide the required coupling between a transmitter or a receiver and the medium in which the radio wave propagates. The antenna consists of a number of parts or c
29、omponents. These components include, but are not limited to, one or many radiating elements, one or many RF interfaces, a distribution or combining feed network, internal support structures, devices which control or adjust the amplitude/phase response and distribution to the radiating element(s), fi
30、lters, diplexers, orthomode transducers, polarizers, waveguides, coaxial cables or printed circuits. In addition, peripheral components could also influence the PIM performance of the antenna. These BS EN 62037-6:2013 6 62037-6 IEC:2013(E) components may include, but are not limited to, mounting bra
31、ckets, mounting hardware, radome, radome fasteners, thermal insulation and grounding hardware. 4.2 Antenna under test The antenna hardware can have an effect on the overall antenna PIM performance. Therefore, it is necessary to specify the hardware which is to be part of the antenna under test (AUT)
32、. 4.3 Active antenna An active antenna incorporates active devices such as low noise amplifiers (LNAs), high power amplifiers (HPAs), phase shifters, etc. An active antenna has the additional concern of active intermodulation (AIM) which is typically at a much higher level than PIM. The measurement
33、of PIM in the presence of AIM is not within the scope of this standard. If required, the PIM measurement of an active antenna shall be performed on the passive portion of the antenna only. 4.4 Antenna PIM The antenna PIM is defined as the PIM that is generated by the antenna assembly itself at a ref
34、erence plane or RF interface. The PIM can be measured in a radiated or conducted (transmissive or reflective) mode. 5 Antenna design and field installation considerations 5.1 Environmental effects on PIM performance Any hardware located in the near-by environment can significantly influence the PIM
35、performance of an antenna or antenna system. The effect of ferromagnetic materials, dissimilar metallic junctions which are part of neighbouring hardware, such as other antennas, towers structures, aircraft fuselage components, spacecraft thermal control hardware, d.c. and ESD grounding hardware, no
36、n-high pressure mechanical connections etc., can potentially have a detrimental effect on the PIM performance of the communication system. 5.2 Antenna interface connection Any interface that is exposed to RF is a potential PIM source and shall be designed to be low PIM. Care shall be taken to ensure
37、 that all the mating surfaces are clean. The connections, whether coaxial or waveguide, should be inspected for dirt, metallic filings, sharp protruding material, and other potential contaminates. Any coaxial connections shall be torqued to the manufacturers specifications to assure proper metal-to-
38、metal contact pressure is achieved. If waveguide is used, then the flange bolts shall be torqued to the recommended manufacturers specifications. Careful attention shall be paid to the alignment of the mating coaxial connectors or waveguide flanges. The materials and combination of materials used in
39、 the connectors, including plating, are important for the PIM performance. The use of a soft plating material (e.g. gold, silver, etc.) of sufficient thickness (several skin depths) over a hard base material (brass, BeCu, etc.) is usually preferable. The number of interfaces (coaxial connectors and
40、adapters) should be minimized. This will reduce the number of metal-to-metal junctions and, thus, the possibility of PIM generation. More information about coaxial connectors can be found in IEC 62037-3. 5.3 Mounting considerations to avoid PIM generation The antenna shall be properly secured to its
41、 mounting bracket. All bolts and holding harnesses used to secure the antenna to its support structure shall be tightened and torqued according to the manufacturers specifications. The coaxial or waveguide transmission line(s) BS EN 62037-6:201362037-6 IEC:2013(E) 7 leading to the antenna input port
42、(s) shall also be well-secured and prohibited from rubbing or moving. Care should be taken in the antenna placement by pointing it towards a clear sky view and to isolate it from all possible neighbouring sources of interference such as tower structures, near-by antennas, buildings, walls, aircraft
43、fuselage, spacecraft platform, etc. 5.4 Neighbouring sources of interference Knowledge of the RF environment in which the antenna is to be installed is important. Care should be taken in the antenna placement to isolate it from all possible neighbouring sources of interference. For instance, structu
44、res having low contact pressure or corroding parts should be avoided. Additionally, other antennas radiating in a similar band or in bands whose harmonics could fall within the receive frequency band of the antenna being installed also requires consideration. Other electric or electronic devices may
45、 emit interfering RF signals that fall into the receive frequency band of the antenna. 5.5 Standard practices and guidelines for material selection Clause 6 of IEC 62037-1:2012 serves as a guide for the design, selection of materials, and handling of components that may be susceptible to PIM generat
46、ion. It is very important to consider the application of the antenna, as there are large differences in acceptable PIM levels between space applications and terrestrial applications. 6 PIM measurement considerations 6.1 Quality assurance process and handling procedures The purpose of Clause 6 is to
47、provide guidance in the areas of quality control as it pertains to the performance of PIM testing of antenna products. Procedures are included to enhance the accuracy and ensure safety when performing PIM measurements on antenna products. The following guidelines will help minimize errors induced wi
48、thin the test system. 6.2 Measurement accuracy The accuracy of PIM tests performed on antenna products may be severely affected by a multitude of sources that may be either external or internal to the test system. Some of the sources which can affect the results of PIM tests performed on antenna pro
49、ducts include, but are not limited to, the following: a) objects comprising parts made of electrically conductive materials that are exposed to the electromagnetic fields radiated by the AUT; b) loose, damaged or corroded mounting hardware attached to the AUT; c) loose or corroded hardware exposed to the radiated RF fields from the AUT; d) radio frequency signals generated by external sources; e) faulty or poorly performing coaxial interface cables; f) dirty/contaminated/worn interface connections; g) improperly mated interface con
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