1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 62311:2008Assessment of electronic and electrical equipment related to human exposure restrictions for electromagnetic fields (0 Hz 300 GHz)ICS 13.280; 97.030g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36
2、g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58BS EN 62311:2008This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 May 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 53575 8National forewordThis British Standard is the UK impleme
3、ntation of EN 62311:2008. It was derived by CENELEC from IEC 62311:2007. It supersedes BS EN 50392:2004 which is withdrawn.The CENELEC common modifications have been implemented at the appropriate places in the text and are indicated by tags (e.g. ).The UK participation in its preparation was entrus
4、ted to Technical Committee GEL/106, Human exposure to low frequency and high frequency electromagnetic radiation.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract.
5、Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsEUROPEAN STANDARD EN 62311 NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM January 2008 CENELEC European Committee for Electro
6、technical Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels 2008 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members. Ref. No
7、. EN 62311:2008 E ICS 97.030 Supersedes EN 50392:2004English version Assessment of electronic and electrical equipment related to human exposure restrictions for electromagnetic fields (0 Hz - 300 GHz) (IEC 62311:2007, modified) Evaluation des quipements lectroniques et lectriques en relation avec l
8、es restrictions dexposition humaine aux champs lectromagntiques (0 Hz - 300 GHz) (CEI 62311:2007, modifie) Bewertung von elektrischen und elektronischen Einrichtungen in Bezug auf Begrenzungen der Exposition von Personen in elektromagnetischen Feldern (0 Hz - 300 GHz) (IEC 62311:2007, modifiziert) T
9、his European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2007-12-04. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical r
10、eferences concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENEL
11、EC member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, I
12、celand, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. EN 62311:2008 2 Foreword The text of document 106/129/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 62311, prepared by IEC TC 106,
13、Methods for the assessment of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields associated with human exposure, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote. A draft amendment, prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC TC 106X, Electromagnetic fields in the human environment, was submitted to the Un
14、ique Acceptance Procedure. The combined texts of IEC 62311:2007 and the draft amendment prAA were approved by CENELEC as EN 62311 on 2007-12-04. This European Standard supersedes EN 50392:2004. The following dates were fixed: latest date by which the EN has to be implemented at national level by pub
15、lication of an identical national standard or by endorsement (dop) 2009-01-01 latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the EN have to be withdrawn (dow) 2011-01-01 Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC. _ Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard IEC 62311:2007 was a
16、pproved by CENELEC as a European Standard with agreed common modifications. _ 3 EN 62311:2008 CONTENTS 1 Scope and object5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Compliance criteria.9 5 Assessment methods9 6 Evaluation of compliance to limits .10 7 Applicability of compliance assessm
17、ent methods.11 7.1 General .11 7.2 Generic procedure for assessment of equipment 13 8 Sources with multiple frequencies .16 8.1 Introduction .16 8.2 Frequency range from 1 Hz 10 MHz (ICNIRP-based) .16 8.2.1 Frequency domain assessment 16 8.2.2 Time domain assessment.18 8.3 Frequency range from 100 k
18、Hz 300 GHz (ICNIRP-based)20 8.4 Frequency range from 0 kHz 5 MHz (IEEE-based) .21 8.4.1 Frequency domain assessment 21 8.4.2 Time domain assessment.21 8.5 Frequency range from 3 kHz 300 GHz (IEEE-based) .22 9 Assessment report22 9.1 General .22 9.2 Items to be recorded in the assessment report .23 9
19、.2.1 Assessment method.23 9.2.2 Presentation of the results23 9.2.3 Equipment using external antennas 23 10 Information to be supplied with the equipment.23 Annex A (informative) Field calculation.24 Annex B (informative) SAR compliance assessment 29 Annex C (informative) Information for numerical m
20、odelling31 Annex D (informative) Measurements of physical properties and body currents .60 Annex E (informative) Specific absorption rate (SAR) 64 Annex F (informative) Measurement of E and H field.66 Annex G (informative) Source modelling69 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to international
21、 publications with their corresponding European publications73 Bibliography .72 Figure 1 Assessment flowchart.15 Figure 2 Schematic of “weighting circuit” 18 Figure 3 Dependency on frequency of the reference levels V plotted with smoothing edges .18 EN 62311:2008 4 Figure 4 Transfer function A .19 F
22、igure A.1 Geometry of antenna with largest linear dimension D .24 Figure A.2 Current element Idlsin( t) at the origin of spherical coordinate system25 Figure A.3 Ratio of E2, H2, and E H field components.26 Figure A.4 Ratio of E H field components for three typical antennas .27 Figure A.5 Far-field
23、= straight line, radiated near-field = lower line specific energy absorption is the time integral of specific energy absorption rate 3.27 specific absorption rate SAR power absorbed by (dissipated in) an incremental mass contained in a volume element of biological tissue when exposure to an electrom
24、agnetic field occurs. SAR is expressed in the unit watt per kilogram (W/kg). SAR is used as a measure of whole-body exposure as well as localised exposure 3.28 exposure assessment for purposes of this standard the term exposure assessment means conformity assessment with respect to applicable exposu
25、re limit(s). 4 Compliance criteria The electronic and electrotechnical apparatus shall comply with the basic restriction as specified in Annex II of Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC. NOTE 1 The time averaging in the EU-Recommendation applies. The reference levels in the Council Recommendation 1999
26、/519/EC on public exposure to electromagnetic fields are derived from the basic restrictions using worst-case assumptions about exposure. If the reference levels are met, then the basic restrictions will be complied with, but if the reference levels are exceeded, that does not necessarily mean that
27、the basic restrictions will not be met. In some situations, it will be necessary to show compliance with the basic restrictions directly, but it may also be possible to derive compliance criteria that allow a simple measurement or calculation to demonstrate compliance with the basic restriction. Oft
28、en these compliance criteria can be derived using realistic assumptions about conditions under which exposures from a device may occur, rather than the conservative assumptions that underly the reference levels. NOTE 2 The limit is the basic restriction. If the technology in the apparatus is not cap
29、able of producing an E-field, H-field or contact current, at the normal user position, at levels higher than 1/2 the limit values then the apparatus is deemed to comply with the requirements in this standard in respect of that E-field, H-field or contact current without further assessment. 5 Assessm
30、ent methods One or more of the examples of assessment methods in 7.2 may be used. The assessments should be made according to an existing basic standard. If the assessment method in the basic standard is not fully applicable then deviations are allowed as long as a description of the assessment meth
31、od used is given in the assessment report; an evaluation of the total uncertainty is given in the assessment report. For transmitters intended for use with external antennas at least one typical combination of transmitter and antenna shall be assessed. The technical specification (under far field co
32、nditions) of this antenna shall be documented in detail such that the boundary where the basic restrictions are met can be identified, e.g., by documented radiation patterns. EN 62311:2008 10 For non-radio transmitting apparatus, the compliance assessment to emissions of E or H field has to be made
33、according to the highest internal frequency used within the apparatus under analysis or at which the apparatus operates with the following criteria: if the highest internal frequency of the apparatus is less than 100 MHz, the assessments shall only be made up to 1 GHz; if the highest internal freque
34、ncy of the apparatus is between 100 MHz and 400 MHz, the assessment shall only be made up to 2 GHz; if the highest internal frequency of the apparatus is between 400 MHz and 1 GHz, the assessment shall only be made up to 5 GHz. If the highest internal frequency of the apparatus is above 1 GHz, the m
35、easurement shall be made up to 5 times the highest frequency. 6 Evaluation of compliance to limits The apparatus is deemed to fulfill the requirements of this standard if the measured values are less than or equal to the limit and if the actual assessment uncertainty is less than the maximum measure
36、ment uncertainty specified for the applied assessment method(s). The assessment uncertainty of assessment method shall be determined by calculating the expanded uncertainty using a confidence interval of 95 %. Generally, a relative uncertainty of 30 % is used for a number of EMF assessment methods.
37、Therefore this level of relative uncertainty is used as a default maximum in this generic standard. If the relative uncertainty is less than 30 %, then the measured value Lmshall be compared directly with the applicable limit Llim for evaluation of compliance. If the relative uncertainty is larger t
38、han 30 %, then the actual uncertainty shall be included in the evaluation of compliance with the limit as follows. If the actual assessment uncertainty is larger than the specified maximum allowed uncertainty value and if it is also larger than the maximum default uncertainty value of 30 %, then a p
39、enalty value shall be added to the assessment result before comparison with the limit. Conversely, one can also reduce the applicable limit Llimwith the same penalty value, and compare the actual measured Lmvalue with the reduced limit. The right-hand side of Equation 1 shows how the limit Llimis re
40、duced in case the actual relative uncertainty is larger then 30 %. NOTE The uncertainty of EMF assessment methods is generally given in %. If the uncertainty is stated in non-linear units e.g. in dBs, then this value shall be converted into percentage (%) first. Equation 1 shall be used to determine
41、 whether the measured value Lmcomplies with reduced limit if the actual measurement uncertainty of the applicable assessment method is 30 % or more. ()limmmm0,71LLLUL+ (1) where Lmis the measured value; Llimis the exposure limit; U(Lm) is the absolute expanded uncertainty. 11 EN 62311:2008 EXAMPLE:
42、Suppose the relative uncertainty of a certain EMF assessment method is 55 %. Then ()0,55mm=LLUUsing Equation (1), the acceptance criterion for the measured value is then: limlimlimlimmmm8,025,1155,07,01)(7,01LLLLLLUL =+=+ The uncertainty penalty (the amount of reduction of the limit) is then: limlim
43、limpen2,08,0 LLLU = The uncertainty values specified for each EMF assessment method are the maximum allowed uncertainties. If the uncertainty value is not specified, then a default value of 30 % shall be used. NOTE Guidance on the uncertainty can be found in ANSI NCSL Z540-2 8: US guide to the expre
44、ssion of uncertainty in measurement and in the ISO/IEC Guide on Measurement Uncertainty 9. 7 Applicability of compliance assessment methods 7.1 General An analysis can be made to investigate which parts emit EMF. A description of the several parts of an equipment is recommended in order to determine
45、 what parts are emitting EMF. Table 1 gives the characteristics and parameters of the equipment to be considered. Table 2 gives a list of possible assessment methods. EN 62311:2008 12 Table 1 Characteristics and parameters of the equipment to be considered Information needed Further detailed descrip
46、tion of the information needed Frequency Frequency of emissions Waveform Waveform and other information such as duty factor for establishment of peak- and/or average emission Multiple frequency sources Does the equipment produce fields at more than one frequency or fields with a high harmonic conten
47、t? Are the emissions simultaneous? Emission of electric fields Voltage differences and any coupling parts e.g., metallic surfaces charged at a voltage potential Emission of magnetic fields Current flow and any coupling parts e.g., coils, transducers or loops Emission of electromagnetic fields Genera
48、tion or transmission of high frequency signals and any radiating parts e.g., antennas, loops, transducers and external cables Contact currents Possibility of touching conducting surfaces when either the surface or the person is exposed to electromagnetic fields? Whole body exposure Fields produced b
49、y equipment extend over region occupied by the whole body Partial body exposure Fields produced by equipment extend over only part of region occupied by the body, or over region occupied by limbs Duration/time variation Duty cycle of emissions, on/off time of power used or emitted by equipment. Variation of power use or emissions during production process Homogeneity Extent to which the strength of the fields varies over the body or region
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