BS EN ISO 204-2009 Metallic materials - Uniaxial creep testing in tension - Method of test《金属材料 张力的单轴蠕变试验 试验方法》.pdf

1、BS EN ISO204:2009ICS 77.040.10NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBRITISH STANDARDMetallic materials Uniaxial creep testingin tension Method oftest (ISO 204:2009)This British Standardwas published underthe authority of theStandards Policy andStrategy Committee on 30

2、September 2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 53648 9Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsBS EN ISO 204:2009National forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 204:2009. Itsupersedes BS EN 10291:2000 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was e

3、ntrusted to TechnicalCommittee ISE/NFE/4/1, Uniaxial testing of metals.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for its correct applic

4、ation.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 204June 2009ICS 77.040.10 Supersedes EN 10291:2000 English VersionMetallic materials - Uniaxial creep testing in tension - Method oftest (ISO 204:2009)Matriaux

5、mtalliques - Essai de fluage uniaxial en traction- Mthode dessai (ISO 204:2009)Metallische Werkstoffe - Einachsiger Zeitstandversuchunter Zugbeanspruchung - Prfverfahren (ISO 204:2009)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 May 2009.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Inter

6、nal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member

7、.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are

8、 the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerla

9、nd and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 204

10、:2009: EBS EN ISO 204:2009EN ISO 204:2009 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 204:2009) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 164 “Mechanical testing of metals“ in collaboration with Technical Committee ECISS/TC 1 “Steel - Mechanical testing” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Thi

11、s European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2009. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of

12、 the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 10291:2000. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the f

13、ollowing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,

14、Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 204:2009 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 204:2009 without any modification. BS EN ISO 204:2009ISO 204:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Norm

15、ative references 1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 Symbols and designations .5 5 Principle7 6 Apparatus .7 7 Test pieces .10 8 Test procedure.13 9 Determination of results .14 10 Test validity 14 11 Accuracy of the results .15 12 Test report 15 Annex A (informative) Information concerning different typ

16、es of thermocouples 21 Annex B (informative) Information concerning methods of calibration of thermocouples.22 Annex C (normative) Creep testing using test pieces with V or blunt circumferential notches.23 Annex D (informative) Method of estimating the uncertainty of the measurement in accordance wi

17、th the Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM)26 Annex E (informative) Representation of results and graphical extrapolation.32 Bibliography 40 BS EN ISO 204:2009ISO 204:2009(E) iv ISO 2009 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a

18、worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented

19、 on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are draft

20、ed in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Stan

21、dard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 204 was prepared by

22、Technical Committee ISO/TC 164, Mechanical testing of metals, Subcommittee SC 1, Uniaxial testing. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 204:1997), which has been technically revised. BS EN ISO 204:2009ISO 204:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved vIntroduction This Internat

23、ional Standard is an extensive revision of the first edition of ISO 204:1997 and incorporates many recommendations developed through the European Creep Collaborative Committee (ECCC). New annexes have been added concerning temperature measurement using thermocouples and their calibration, creep test

24、ing test pieces with circumferential Vee and blunt (Bridgman) notches, estimation of measurement uncertainty and methods of extrapolation of creep rupture life. NOTE Information is sought relating to the influence of off-axis loading or bending on the creep properties of various materials. Considera

25、tion will be given at the next revision of this International Standard as to whether the maximum amount of bending should be specified and an appropriate calibration procedure be recommended. The decision will need to be based on the availability of quantitative data 39. BS EN ISO 204:2009BS EN ISO

26、204:2009INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 204:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Metallic materials Uniaxial creep testing in tension Method of test 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the method for the uninterrupted and interrupted creep testsand defines the properties of metallic materials

27、which can be determined from these tests, in particular the creep elongation and the time of creep rupture, at a specified temperature. The stress rupture test is also covered by this International Standard, as is the testing of notched test pieces. NOTE In stress rupture testing, elongation is not

28、generally recorded during the test, only the time to failure under a given load, or to note that a predetermined time was exceeded under a given force. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edi

29、tion cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 286-2, ISO system of limits and fits Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance grades and limit deviations for holes and shafts ISO 7831), Metallic materials Tensile testing a

30、t elevated temperature ISO 7500-2, Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 2: Tension creep testing machines Verification of the applied force ISO 9513, Metallic materials Calibration of extensometers used in uniaxial testing 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes

31、of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. NOTE Several different gauge lengths and reference lengths are specified in this International Standard. These lengths reflect custom and practice used in different laboratories throughout the world. In some cases, the lengths are physical

32、ly marked on the test piece as lines or ridges; in other cases, the length may be a virtual length based upon calculations to determine an appropriate length to be used for the determination of creep elongation. For some test pieces, Lr, Loand Leare the same length (see 3.1, 3.2 and 3.5). 1) To be r

33、evised by ISO 6892-2, Metallic materials Tensile testing Part 2: Method of test at elevated temperature. BS EN ISO 204:2009ISO 204:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reserved3.1 reference length Lrbase length used for the calculation of elongation NOTE A method to calculate this value is given in 7.5 for

34、 test pieces where the extensometer is attached to either ridges on the parallel length or to the shoulders of the test piece. 3.1.1 original reference length Lroreference length determined at ambient temperature before the test NOTE In general, LroW 5D. 3.1.2 final reference length Lrureference len

35、gth determined at ambient temperature after rupture, with the pieces carefully fitted back together with their axes in a straight line 3.2 original gauge length Lolength between gauge length marks on the test piece measured at ambient temperature before the test NOTE 1 In general, LoW 5D. NOTE 2 Lom

36、ay also be used for the calculation of elongation. 3.3 final gauge length after rupture Lulength between gauge length marks on the test piece measured after rupture, at ambient temperature, with the pieces carefully fitted back together with their axes in a straight line 3.4 parallel length Lclength

37、 of the parallel reduced section of the test piece 3.5 extensometer gauge length Ledistance between the measuring points of the extensometer NOTE In some cases, Le= Loand may also be used for the calculation of elongation. 3.6 original cross-sectional area Socross-sectional area of the parallel leng

38、th as determined at ambient temperature prior to testing BS EN ISO 204:2009ISO 204:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 33.7 minimum cross-sectional area after rupture Suminimum cross-sectional area of the parallel length as determined at ambient temperature after rupture, with the pieces carefully

39、fitted back together with their axes in a straight line 3.8 initial stress oapplied force divided by the original cross-sectional area (So) of the test piece 3.9 elongation Lrincrease of the reference length (Lr) NOTE See 6.2. 3.10 percentage elongation A elongation expressed as a percentage of the

40、original reference length (Lro) NOTE 1 See Figure 1. NOTE 2 In the terms for elongation in 3.10 to 3.16, the symbol “ ” may replace “A”. However, when “ ” is used, the following conventions should apply: % is the percentage strain or elongation; is the absolute strain. 3.11 percentage initial plasti

41、c elongation Ainon-proportional increase of the original reference length (Lro) due to the application of the test force 3.12 percentage creep elongation Afincrease in reference length at time t (Lrt) at a specified temperature expressed as a percentage of the original reference length (Lro): rfro10

42、0tLAL= (1) NOTE 1 Afmay have the specified temperature (T ) in degrees Celsius (C) as superscript and the initial stress (o) in megapascals 2)and time t (in hours) as subscript. NOTE 2 By convention, the beginning of creep elongation measurement is the time at which the initial stress (o) is applied

43、 to the test piece (see Figure 1). NOTE 3 Suffix f originates from “fluage”, “creep” in French. 2) 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2. BS EN ISO 204:2009ISO 204:2009(E) 4 ISO 2009 All rights reserved3.13 percentage plastic elongation Apnon-proportional increase of the original reference length (Lro) at time t: Ap= Ai+

44、 Af (2) 3.14 percentage anelastic elongation Aknon-proportional decrease of the original reference length (Lro) at time t due to unloading 3.15 percentage permanent elongation Apertotal increase of the original reference length (Lro) at time t determined after unloading: Aper= Ap Ak (3) 3.16 percent

45、age elongation after creep rupture Aupermanent increase of the original reference length (Lro) after rupture (Lru Lro) expressed as a percentage of the original reference length (Lro): ru rouro100LLAL= (4) NOTE Aumay have the specified temperature (T ) in degrees Celsius as superscript and the initi

46、al stress (o) in megapascals as subscript. 3.17 percentage reduction of area after creep rupture Zumaximum change in cross-sectional area measured after rupture (So Su) expressed as a percentage of the original cross-sectional area (So): ouuo100SSZS= (5) NOTE Zumay have the specified temperature (T

47、) in degrees Celsius as superscript and the initial stress (o) in megapascals as subscript. 3.18 creep elongation time tfxtime required for a strained test piece to obtain a specified percentage creep elongation (x) at the specified temperature (T ) and the initial stress (o) EXAMPLE tf0,2. 3.19 pla

48、stic elongation time tpxtime required to obtain a specified percentage plastic elongation (x) at the specified temperature (T ) and the initial stress (o) BS EN ISO 204:2009ISO 204:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 53.20 creep rupture time tutime to rupture for a test piece maintained at the spec

49、ified temperature (T ) and the initial stress (o) NOTE The symbol tumay have as superscript the specified temperature (T ) in degrees Celsius and as subscript the initial stress (o) in megapascals. 3.21 single test piece machine testing machine that permits straining of a single test piece 3.22 multiple test piece machine testing machine that permits straining of more than one test piece simultaneously at the same temperature 4 Symbols and designations The symbols and corresponding designatio