1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 2234:2002 Packaging Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads Stacking tests using a static load The European Standard EN ISO 2234:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICS 55.180.40 BS EN ISO 2234:2002 This British Standard, having been prepared under the dir
2、ection of the Consumer Products and Services Sector Policy and Strategy Committee, was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 3 October 2002 BSI 3 October 2002 ISBN 0 580 40493 5 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version
3、 of EN ISO 2234:2002. It is identical with ISO 2234:2000. It supersedes BS EN 22234:1993 which is withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PKW/1, Packaging generalities, to Subcommittee PKW/1/4, Packaging generalities Test methods, which has the respons
4、ibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “I
5、nternational Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with
6、a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related internatio
7、nal and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN ISO title page, the EN ISO foreword page, the ISO title page, pages ii to iv, pages 1 to 4, the Annex ZA page and a back cover. The BSI copyright date di
8、splayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM ENISO2234 September2002 ICS55.180.40 SupersedesEN22234:1992 Englishversion PackagingComplete,filledtransportpackagesandunitlo
9、ads Stackingtestsusingastaticload(ISO2234:2000) EmballagesEmballagesdexpditioncompletsetpleins etchargesunitairesEssaisdegerbageutilisantune chargestatique(ISO2234:2000) VerpackungVersandfertigePa ckstckeund LadeeinheitenStapelprfungunterstatischerLast(ISO 2234:2000) ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedb
10、yCENon30August2002. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManag
11、ementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstan
12、dardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece, Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:
13、ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2002CEN Allrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.ENISO2234:2002EINESO22:4302(20E) 2 Foreword ThetextoftheInternationalStandardfromTechnicalCommitteeISO/TC122“Packaging“ofthe InternationalOrganizationforStandardization(
14、ISO)hasbeentakenoverasaEuropean StandardbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC261“Packaging“,thesecretariatofwhichisheldby AFNOR. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationof anidenticaltextorbyendorsement,atthelatestbyMarch2003,andconflictingnational standardsshallbewithdr
15、awnatthelatestbyMarch2003. ThisdocumentsupersedesEN22234:1992. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsof thefollowingcountriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,Czech Republic,Denmark,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxe
16、mbourg, Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom. Endorsementnotice ThetextoftheInternationalStandardISO2234:2000hasbeenapprovedbyCENasa EuropeanStandardwithoutanymodifications. NOTENormativereferencestoInternationalStandardsarelistedinannexZA(normative). ENISO22
17、34:2002Reference number ISO 2234:2000(E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2234 Third edition 2000-03-01 Packaging Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads Stacking tests using a static load Emballages Emballages dexpdition complets et pleins et charges unitaires Essais de gerbage utilisant une c
18、harge statique ENISO2234:2002ENISO2234:2002iiISO 4322:(0002)E ISO 0002 All irhgts seredevr iii Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carri
19、ed out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. I
20、SO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical commit
21、tees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. IS
22、O shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard ISO 2234 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 122, Packaging, Subcommittee SC 3, Performance requirements and tests for means of packaging, packages and unit loads (as required by ISO/TC 122).
23、 This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 2234:1985), which has been technically revised. ENISO2234:2002iiiISO 4322:(0002)E vi ISO 0002 All irhgts seredevr Introduction It is the responsibility of the user of this International Standard to establish appropriate health and safe
24、ty practice in accordance with relevant legislation. ENISO2234:2002ivINTENRATIONAL TSANDADR ISO 4322:(0002)E ISO 0002 All irhgts seredevr 1 Packaging Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads Stacking tests using a static load 1 Scope This International Standard specifies three methods for
25、carrying out a stacking test on a complete, filled transport package, or on a unit load, using a static load. Whichever method is employed, the test may be used to assess the performance of a package or a unit load, in terms of its strength or the protection that it offers to its contents when it is
26、 subjected to stacking. It may be performed either as a single test to investigate the effects (deformation, creep, collapse or failure) of stacking or as part of a sequence of tests designed to measure the ability of a package or a unit load to withstand a distribution system that includes a stacki
27、ng hazard. The test may also be used to investigate performance under particular conditions of loading, as, for example, when the bottom package in a stack rests on an open-decked pallet; or when the profile of the superimposed load is eccentric, as when it is supported on the bearers of a single-de
28、cked pallet which rests on a container. For such purposes, one of the three methods of carrying out the test may be more suitable than the others. NOTE A method for carrying out a stacking test using a compression tester is given in ISO 12048 1) . 2 Normative references The following normative docum
29、ents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encour
30、aged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 220
31、6, Packaging Complete, filled transport packages Identification of parts when testing. ISO 2233, Packaging Complete, filled transport packages and unit loads Conditioning for testing. 3 Term and definition For the purposes of this International Standard, the following term and definition applies. 3.
32、1 test item a complete filled transport package or unit load 1) ISO 12048, Packaging Complete, filled transport packages Compression and stacking tests using a compression tester. ENISO2234:20021ISO 4322:(0002)E 2 ISO 0002 All irhgts seredevr 4P r i n c i p l e The test item is placed on a flat, hor
33、izontal surface and subjected to an evenly distributed load applied from above, using one of three methods. The load, atmospheric conditions, period of time under load and attitude of the test item are predetermined. NOTE The top-to-bottom or the side-to-side deflection of the test item during the t
34、est may be measured, if appropriate. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Horizontal surface, which is flat (the difference in height between the highest and lowest points not exceeding 2 mm) and rigid. A concrete floor at least 150 mm thick is suitable. 5.2 Means of loading, which, according to the method chosen (1, 2
35、or 3) is as described in 5.2.1 to 5.2.3. 5.2.1 Method 1: stack of test items, each item being identical with the item under test. The number of test items is such that their total mass forms an appropriate load. 5.2.2 Method 2: loading platform, free to tilt to an equilibrium position on the test it
36、em, together with an appropriate load. The loading platform, when placed centrally on top of the test item, shall be large enough to extend at least 100 mm over all sides of the top surface of the test item and rigid enough to support the load completely without deformation. NOTE This type of load i
37、s sometimes referred to as “free load“. 5.2.3 Method 3: loading platform, such that the lower surface of the platform is constrained to remain horizontal, together with an appropriate load. The loading platform, when placed centrally on top of the test item, shall be large enough to extend at least
38、100 mm over all sides of the top surface of the test item and rigid enough to support the load completely without deformation. NOTE 1 This type of load is sometimes referred to as a “guided load“. NOTE 2 If guides are used to ensure that the loading platform remains horizontal, they should not cause
39、 friction that could affect the test results. 5.3 Means of measuring deflection (if necessary), accurate to 1 mm and capable of indicating either an increase or a decrease in dimensions. In addition, the apparatus shall meet the requirements and tolerances of clause 8. NOTE Stable and safe loading d
40、uring the test is dependent on the friction between the top surface of the test item and the bottom surface of the loading platform, as well as the ability of the test item to resist deformation. Means therefore, should be provided to produce a stable test assembly and to ensure that, if failure occ
41、urs, the load is restrained and does not cause danger to personnel in the vicinity. 6 Test item preparation Fill the test item with its intended contents and ensure that it is closed normally, as if ready for distribution. NOTE Simulated or substituted contents may be used, on condition that the dim
42、ensions and physical properties of such contents should be as close as possible to those of the intended contents. However, the closure should be the same as for distribution. ENISO2234:20022ISO 4322:(0002)E ISO 0002 All irhgts seredevr 3 7 Conditioning The test item shall be conditioned in accordan
43、ce with one of the conditions described in ISO 2233. 8 Procedure 8.1 Wherever possible the test shall be carried out in atmospheric conditions identical to those used for conditioning, and particularly where this is critical to the materials or application of the test item. In other circumstances, t
44、he test shall be carried out in atmospheric conditions which approximate those used for conditioning, as closely as is practicable. 8.2 Position the stack of test item (5.2.1) or, alternatively, the loading platform (5.2.2 or 5.2.3) centrally over the test item which has been placed on the flat, hor
45、izontal surface (5.1). 8.2.1 If methods 2 and 3 are being used, place the masses making up the load on the loading platform without impact, ensuring that they are in full contact with the loading platform before being released. The masses shall be distributed uniformly over that portion of the surfa
46、ce of the loading platform in direct contact with the test item to ensure that the centre of gravity of the load is immediately above the centre of the top surface of the test item. The mass of the total load, including the mass of the loading platform, shall be within 2 % of the predetermined value
47、. The distance of the centre of gravity of the load above the loading platform shall not exceed 50 % of the height of the test item. 8.2.2 In methods 2 and 3, if measurements are taken, this shall be done between the two surfaces exerting compression on the test item after the application of a pre-l
48、oad sufficient to assure a good contact between the loading platform and the test item. 8.3 Apply the load for the required period of time (usually 24 h, according to the material) or until collapse. 8.4 Remove the load and examine the test item. NOTE 1 At any time during the test it may be necessary to measure dimensions. NOTE 2 Appropriately profiled i
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