BS EN ISO 3219-1994 Plastics - Polymers resins in the liquid state or as emulsions or dispersions - Determination of viscosity using a rotational viscometer with defined shear rate.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 3219:1995 BS2782-7: Method 730B: 1994 Incorporating Amendment No. 1 Plastics Polymers/resins in the liquid state or as emulsions or dispersions Determination of viscosity using a rotational viscometer with defined shear state The European Standard EN ISO3219:1994 has the s

2、tatus of a British Standard IMPORTANT NOTICE. Before reading this method it is essential to read BS2782-0 Introduction issued separately.BSENISO3219:1995 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Plastics and Rubber Standards Policy Committee, was published underthe autho

3、rity of the Standards Board and comes into effect on 15March1994 BSI 03-2000 First published October 1978 Second edition March 1994 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference PRM/21 Draft for comment 91/43044 DC ISBN 0 580 22978 5 Committees responsible for

4、 this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Plastics and Rubber Standards Policy Committee (PRM/-) to Technical Committee PRM/21, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Plastics Federation British Textile Confederation Department of the Env

5、ironment (Building Research Establishment) Department of Trade and Industry (National Physical Laboratory) Electrical and Electronic Insulation Association (BEAMA Ltd.) GAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd.) Institute of Materials Ministry of Defence Packaging and Industrial Films Association Pira International RAPRA

6、 Technology Ltd. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments 8630 October 1995 Indicated by a sideline in the marginBSENISO3219:1995 BSI 03-2000 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Normative reference 3 3 Principle 3 4

7、Apparatus 3 5 Sampling 4 6 Test conditions 4 7 Expression of results 5 8 Test report 5 Annex A (normative) Coaxial-cylinder viscometers 6 Annex B (normative) Cone-and-plate system 9 Figure A.1 Standard-geometry coaxial-cylinder system 7 Figure B.1 Cone-and-plate system geometry 9 List of references

8、Inside back coverBSENISO3219:1995 ii BSI 03-2000 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of the Plastics and Rubber Standards Policy Committee and is identical with ISO3219:1993 Plastics Polymers/resins in the liquid state or as emulsions or dispersions Determin

9、ation of viscosity using a rotational viscometer with defined shear rate, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It supersedes BS2782:Method730B:1978, which is withdrawn. In 1994 the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC) accepted ISO3219:19

10、93 as European Standard EN ISO3219:1994. As a consequence of implementing the European Standard this British Standard is renumbered as BS EN ISO3219 and any reference to BS2782-7:Method730B should be read as a reference to BS EN ISO3219. WARNING NOTE. This British Standard, which is identical with I

11、SO3219:1993, does not necessarily detail all the precautions necessary to meet the requirements of the Health and Safety at Work etc.Act1974. Attention should be paid to any appropriate safety precautions and the method should be operated only by trained personnel. A British Standard does not purpor

12、t to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Cross-reference International Standard Corresponding British Standard ISO 2

13、91:1977 BS 2782 Methods of testing plastics Part 0:1992 Introduction (Annex A is identical) Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theENISO title page, pages 2 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see co

14、pyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 3219 August 1995 UDC 678.6/7:532.13 Descriptors: Plastics, polymers, resins, tests, determination, viscosity Englis

15、h version Plastics Polymers/resins in the liquid state or as emulsions or dispersions Determination of viscosity using a rotational viscometer with defined shear rate (ISO 3219:1993) Plastiques Polymres/rsines a ltat liquide, en mulsion ou en dispersion Dtermination de la viscosit au moyen dun visco

16、simtre rotatif gradient de vitesse de cisaillement dfini (ISO 3219:1993) Kunststoffe Polymere/Harze in flssigem, emulgiertem oder dispergiertem Zustand Bestimmung der Viskositt mit einem Rotationsviskosimeter bei definiertem Geschwindigkeitsgeflle (ISO 3219:1993) This European Standard was approved

17、by CEN on1994-08-22. CEN members are bound to comply With the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards

18、 may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the

19、Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom. CEN Europe

20、an Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1995 Copyright reserved to CEN members Ref. No. EN ISO3219:1995 EENISO3219:1995 BSI 03-2000 2 Foreword This European Standard has been taken over by

21、 the Technical Committee CEN/TC139, Paints and varnishes, from the work of ISO/TC61, Paints and varnishes, of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsemen

22、t, at the latest by February1995, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by February1995. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece

23、, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.ENISO3219:1995 BSI 03-2000 3 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the general principles of a method for determining the viscosity of polymers and resins in the liquid, emulsif

24、ied or dispersed state, including polymer dispersions, at a defined shear rate by means of rotational viscometers with standard geometry. Viscosity determinations made in accordance with this standard consist of establishing the relationship between the shear stress and the shear rate. The results o

25、btained with different instruments in accordance with this standard are comparable and apply to controlled shear as well as controlled stress instruments. 2 Normative reference The following standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Internation

26、al Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below. Members o

27、f IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 291:1977, Plastics Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing. 3 Principle The viscosity of a fluid sample is measured using a rotational viscometer with defined characteristics, which permits the simultaneous me

28、asurement of the shear rate used and the shear stress applied. The viscosity is determined using the following equation: where According to the International System of Units (SI), the unit of dynamic viscosity is the pascal second (Pas): 1 Pas = 1 Ns/m 2 NOTE 1Symbols are in accordance with ISO31-3:

29、1992, Quantities and units Part 3: Mechanics. NOTE 2If the viscosity depends on the shear rate at which the measurement is made, i.e. = f( ), the fluid is said to exhibit non-Newtonian behaviour. Fluids with a viscosity independent of the shear rate are stated to exhibit Newtonian behaviour. 4 Appar

30、atus 4.1 Rotational viscometer 4.1.1 Measuring system The measuring system shall consist of two rigid, symmetrical, coaxial surfaces between which the fluid whose viscosity is to be measured is placed. One of these surfaces shall rotate at a constant angular velocity while the other remains at rest.

31、 The measuring system shall be such that the shear rate can be defined for each measurement. A torque-measuring device shall be connected to one of the surfaces, thus permitting determination of the torque required to overcome the viscous resistance of the fluid. Suitable measuring systems are coaxi

32、al-cylinder systems and cone-and-plate systems, among others. The dimensions of the measuring system shall be so specified as to satisfy the conditions specified inAnnex A andAnnex B, which are designed to ensure a geometrically similar flow field for all types of measurements and all common types o

33、f basic instruments. 4.1.2 Basic instrument The basic instrument shall be designed to permit alternative rotors and stators to be fitted, for the generation of a range of defined rotational frequencies (stepwise or continuously variable), and for measuring the resulting torque, or vice versa (i.e.ge

34、neration of a defined torque and measurement of the resulting rotational frequency). The apparatus shall have a torque-measurement accuracy within2% of the full-scale reading. Within the regular working range of the instrument, the accuracy of rotational-frequency measurement shall be within2% of th

35、e measured value. The repeatability of viscosity measurement shall be2%. NOTE 3By using different measuring systems and rotational frequencies, most commercial instruments cover a viscosity range from at least10 2Pas to10 3Pas. The range of shear rates varies greatly with different equipment. The ch

36、oice of a particular basic instrument and appropriate measuring system shall be made by considering the range of viscosities and shear rates to be measured. 4.2 Temperature-control device The temperature of the circulating bath liquid or the temperature of the electrically heated walls shall be main

37、tained constant to within 0,2 C over the temperature range0 C to50 C and to within 0,5 C at temperatures beyond these limits. Closer tolerances (e.g. 0,1 C) may be necessary for more precise measurements. E is the shear stress; is the shear rate. ENISO3219:1995 4 BSI 03-2000 4.3 Thermometer The accu

38、racy of the thermometer shall be 0,05 C. 5 Sampling The sampling method, including any special methods of sample preparation and introduction into the viscometer, shall be as specified in the test standard for the product in question. The samples shall not contain any visible impurities or air bubbl

39、es. If samples are hygroscopic or contain any volatile ingredients, the sample containers shall be tightly closed to minimize any effects on the viscosity. 6 Test conditions 6.1 Calibration Viscometers shall be calibrated periodically, e.g.by measuring the torque characteristics or using reference l

40、iquids of known viscosity (Newtonian fluids). If the best-fit straight line drawn through the measured points for the reference fluid does not pass through the origin of the coordinate system, within the limits of the accuracy of the method, the procedure and the apparatus shall be checked more exte

41、nsively in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. The viscosity of reference liquids used for calibration shall lie in the same range as that of the sample(s) to be measured. 6.2 Test temperature Generally, because of the temperature dependence of the viscosity, measurements for comparison

42、purposes shall be carried out at the same temperature. If measurements are required to be made at ambient temperature, a measurement temperature of23,0 C 0,2 C is preferred. Further details shall be as specified in the test standard for the product in question. NOTE 4Heat is dissipated in the sample

43、 during the measurement and may cause an increase in the temperature of the sample. In the case of Newtonian liquids under adiabatic test conditions, the rate of heat dissipation is given by (units W/m 3 ). 6.3 Selection of shear rate The shear rate shall be as specified in the test standard for the

44、 product in question. It is advantageous in the case of all Newtonian products, and specially recommended in the case of non-Newtonian products, that measurements be made for as many shear rates (at least four) as possible, depending on the settings or programmes for rotational frequency (or torque

45、in the case of fixed-shear-stress instruments) allowed by the basic instrument, and at widely differing shear rates so that a comprehensive graph of viscosity vs.shear rate may be drawn. In order to compare viscosities measured on different instruments, it is recommended that the shear rates be sele

46、cted from a series consisting of the following values: 1,00s 1 , 2,50s 1 , 6,30s 1 , 16,0s 1 , 40,0s 1 , 100s 1 , 250s 1 ; or 1,00s 1 , 2,50s 1 , 5,00s 1 , 10,0s 1 , 25,0s 1 , 50,0s 1 , 100s 1 ; and these values multipled or divided by100. If a given basic instrument does not permit these values to

47、be selected, shear-rate values shall be selected from the viscosity curve. In the case of non-Newtonian fluids, the measurements shall be started with increasing shear rates, i.e.increasing speed until the maximum speed is reached, and then decreasing the speed, making further measurements at decrea

48、sing shear rates. NOTE 5In this way, thixotropy and rheopexy can be assessed, although only qualitatively. In the case of thixotropic and rheopexic liquids, the test conditions shall be as specified in the test standard for the product in question. Prior to measurement, the sample in the viscometer

49、shall have sufficient time to recover any thixotropic structure. This time will depend on the nature of the particular sample. If the readings at increasing and decreasing shear rate show only random differences, the two readings may be averaged. If a consistent difference is observed, as in the case of thixotropic systems, both values shall be recorded. 6.4 Procedure Unless otherwise specified by the test standard for the product in question, make three determinations in accordance withAn