BS EN ISO 3377-1-2011 Leather Physical and mechanical tests Determination of tear load Single edge tear《皮革 物理和机械试验 扯裂力的测定 单边扯裂》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 3377-1:2011Leather Physical andmechanical tests Determination of tear loadPart 1: Single edge tear (ISO 3377-1:2011)Copyright European Committee for Standardization Pro

2、vided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 3377-1:2011 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 3377-1:2011. It supersedes BS EN ISO 3377-1:2002,which is withdrawn.Th

3、e UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to T e c h n i c a l C o m m i t t e e T C I / 6 9 , F o o t w e a r , l e a t h e r a n d c o a t e d f a b r i c s .A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purpor

4、t to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012 ISBN 978 0 580 69824 8 ICS 59.140.30 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published

5、 under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without l

6、icense from IHS-,-,-EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 3377-1 December 2011 ICS 59.140.30 Supersedes EN ISO 3377-1:2002English Version Leather - Physical and mechanical tests - Determination of tear load - Part 1: Single edge tear (ISO 3377-1:2011) Cuir - Essais physiques et mc

7、aniques - Dtermination de la force de dchirement - Partie 1: Dchirement dun seul bord (ISO 3377-1:2011) Leder - Physikalische und mechanische Prfungen - Bestimmung der Weiterreifestigkeit - Teil 1: Einkantenriss (ISO 3377-1:2011) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 December 2011. CEN me

8、mbers are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on applica

9、tion to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Manag

10、ement Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherl

11、ands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in

12、 any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 3377-1:2011: ECopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 3377-1:2011 EN ISO

13、 3377-1:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 3377-1:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 289 “Leather”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI, in collaboration with the International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies. This European Standard shall be given

14、the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2012. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the s

15、ubject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 3377-1:2002. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implem

16、ent this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Swit

17、zerland and the United Kingdom. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 3377-1:2011ISO 3377-1:2011(E) IULTCS/IUP 40-1:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved iiiFo

18、reword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a tec

19、hnical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters o

20、f electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated

21、to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible fo

22、r identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 3377-1 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 289, Leather, in collaboration with the Physical Test Commission of the International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies (IUP Commiss

23、ion, IULTCS), in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). IULTCS, originally formed in 1897, is a world-wide organization of professional leather societies to further the advancement of leather science and technology. IULTCS has three Commissions

24、, which are responsible for establishing international methods for the sampling and testing of leather. ISO recognizes IULTCS as an international standardizing body for the preparation of test methods for leather. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3377-1:2002), which ha

25、s been technically revised with respect to Figure 1 and Table 1, and also Clauses 6 and 7. ISO 3377 consists of the following parts, under the general title Leather Physical and mechanical tests Determination of tear load: Part 1: Single edge tear Part 2: Double edge tear Copyright European Committe

26、e for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 3377-1:2011Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permi

27、tted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 3377-1:2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3377-1:2011(E)IULTCS/IUP 40-1:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 1Leather Physical and mechanical tests Determination of tear load Part 1: Single edge tear 1 Scope This part of ISO 3377 specifies a method for determi

28、ning the tear strength of leather using a single edge tear. The method is sometimes described as a trouser tear. It is applicable to all types of leather. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the

29、edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2418, Leather Chemical, physical and mechanical and fastness tests Sampling location ISO 2419, Leather Physical and mechanical tests Sample preparation and conditionin

30、g ISO 2589, Leather Physical and mechanical tests Determination of thickness ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials Verification of static uniaxial testing machines Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system 3 Principle A rectangular test specimen

31、 partially slit from one short edge is pulled so that a tear is propagated from the end of the slit. The mean force exerted during separation of the test piece is recorded. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Tensile testing machine, with a force range appropriate to the specimen under test, a means of recording the fo

32、rce to an accuracy of at least 2 % as specified by Class 2 of ISO 7500-1, a uniform speed of separation of the jaws of 100 mm/min 20 mm/min, a means of recording the force, e.g. as an extension curve, jaws of minimum width 50 mm 2 mm. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS

33、under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 3377-1:2011ISO 3377-1:2011(E) IULTCS/IUP 40-1:2011(E) 2 ISO 2011 All rights reserved4.2 Thickness gauge, as specified in ISO 2589. 4.3 Press knife, as specified in ISO 2419, capable of

34、cutting rectangular test pieces of the type shown in Figure 1 in one operation. All parts of the press knife shall lie in the same plane. Figure 1 Test piece for single edge tear Table 1 Dimensions of test piece Dimensions in millimetres (tolerance 1 mm) Designation a b c d Standard 70 40 b/2 20 Lar

35、ge 100 50 b/2 50 If “large” test pieces are used, the size of the test piece shall be mentioned in the test report. NOTE For manual evaluation, it is advantageous to use the “large” specimen. 5 Sampling and sample preparation 5.1 Sample in accordance with ISO 2418. From the sample, cut six test piec

36、es in accordance with ISO 2419, three test pieces with the longer side parallel to the backbone and three test pieces with the longer side perpendicular to the backbone. If there is a requirement for more than two hides or skins to be tested in one batch, then only one test piece in each direction n

37、eed be taken from each hide or skin, provided that the overall total is not less than three test pieces in each direction. 5.2 Condition the test pieces in accordance with ISO 2419. 5.3 Measure the thickness of the test pieces in accordance with ISO 2589. Copyright European Committee for Standardiza

38、tion Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 3377-1:2011ISO 3377-1:2011(E) IULTCS/IUP 40-1:2011(E) ISO 2011 All rights reserved 36 Procedure 6.1 Set the jaws of the tensile testing machine (4.1) so that the cl

39、amps are at a suitable distance to firmly hold the test piece (e.g. 50 mm). 6.2 Clamp one leg of the test piece in one jaw of the tensile test machine (see Figure 2). Fold the other leg through 180 and clamp in the other jaw. Ensure that the long edges of the test piece are parallel to the testing d

40、irection of the machine. Figure 2 Method of fixing test piece in jaws of the tensile test machine 6.3 Run the tensile test machine until the test piece is torn apart and record the force-extension plot. 6.4 Determine the tear load of the test piece as the arithmetic mean of the forces on the peak tr

41、ace, proceeding in the following way. Divide the peak trace into four equal parts, beginning with the first peak and ending with the last peak. The first part and the last part shall not be used to calculate the mean value. Determine the tear load as the mean value, in newtons, of the two remaining

42、middle subsections. In the electronic evaluation method, all the data points of the force in the middle subsections of the trace are taken into consideration. If the manual calculation method is used, select and note the two highest peaks (maxima) and the two lowest valleys (minima) from each of the

43、 middle subsections (i.e. eight values). Peaks and valleys suitable for calculation are characterized by a 10 % minimum rising and falling of force. Tear load is defined by the arithmetic mean of these values. The use of this evaluation method shall be mentioned in the test report. Depending on the

44、evaluation procedure chosen, a different number of values is taken into consideration as the calculation basis. Consequently, the results of the two calculation methods may differ. Being more precise, the electronic method shall be preferred. In some cases, due to the lack of distinguishable peaks a

45、nd valleys, evaluating the trace can be difficult. Such results shall be rejected and the test repeated. In case of litigation, the tear load shall only be determined using the electronic evaluation method on test pieces with standard dimensions (4.3). 6.5 Repeat 6.2 to 6.4 for other test pieces. Co

46、pyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-BS EN ISO 3377-1:2011ISO 3377-1:2011(E) IULTCS/IUP 40-1:2011(E) 4 ISO 2011 All rights reserved7 Test report The test report shall in

47、clude the following: a) a reference to this part of ISO 3377, i.e. ISO 3377-1:2011; b) full details for the identification of the sample and any deviations from ISO 2418 with respect to sampling; c) if the “standard” test piece size was not used, a mention that the “large” test piece size was used;

48、d) if the electronic evaluation method was not used, a mention that the manual evaluation method was used; e) the thickness of the leather, in millimetres (mm); f) the mean tear load, in newtons (N), to the nearest 0,1 N for test pieces with the longer edge cut parallel to the backbone; g) the mean tear load, in newtons (N), to the nearest 0,1 N for test pieces with the longer edge perpendicular to the backbone; h) the average tear load to the nearest 0,1 N i.e. the arithmetic mean of f) and g), if required by the customer or by specif