BS EN ISO 4044-2017 Leather Chemical tests Preparation of chemical test samples《皮革 化学试验 化学试样的制备》.pdf

1、BS EN ISO 4044:2017Leather Chemical tests Preparation of chemical testsamples (ISO 4044:2017)BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06BS EN ISO 4044:2017 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 4044:2017. It su

2、persedes BS EN ISO 4044:2008 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee TCI/69, Footwear, leather and coated fabrics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purpor

3、t to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 87867 1 ICS 59.140.30 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligati

4、ons.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 4044 January 2017 ICS 59.140.30 Supersedes

5、EN ISO 4044:2008English Version Leather - Chemical tests - Preparation of chemical test samples (ISO 4044:2017) Cuir - Essais chimiques - Prparation des chantillons pour essais chimiques (ISO 4044:2017) Leder - Chemische Prfungen - Vorbereitung von Proben fr chemische Untersuchungen (ISO 4044:2017)

6、This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 December 2016. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical ref

7、erences concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a C

8、EN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedon

9、ia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIO

10、N EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 4044:2017 EBS EN ISO 4044:2017EN ISO 4044:2017 (E) 3 European foreword This

11、document (EN ISO 4044:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 289 “Leather” the secretariat of which is held by UNI, in collaboration with Technical Committee IULTCS “International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies”. This European Standard shall be given the status

12、of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2017. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of p

13、atent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 4044:2008. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this Euro

14、pean Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slova

15、kia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 4044:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 4044:2017 without any modification. BS EN ISO 4044:2017ISO 4044:2017(E)IULTCS/IUC 3:2017(E)Foreword iv1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms a

16、nd definitions . 14 Principle 15 Apparatus . 16 Preparation of test sample . 26.1 Sample preparation 26.2 Grinding 26.3 Cutting 26.4 Choice of sample preparation method . 27 Storage of test sample . 2Annex A (informative) Commercial sources for apparatus . 3Bibliography 4 ISO 2017 All rights reserve

17、d iiiContents PageBS EN ISO 4044:2017ISO 4044:2017(E)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Ea

18、ch member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Internatio

19、nal Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different

20、 types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not

21、 be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).Any trade name used in this document is info

22、rmation given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement.For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISOs adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Ba

23、rriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlISO 4044 was prepared by the Chemical Test Commission of the International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies (IUC Commission, IULTCS) in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) T

24、echnical Committee CEN/TC 289, Leather, the secretariat of which is held by UNI, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).It is based on IUC 3 originally published in J. Soc. Leather Trades Chemists, 49, pp. 8-10, 1965, and declared an official

25、 method of the IULTCS in 1965.IULTCS, originally formed in 1897, is a world-wide organization of professional leather societies to further the advancement of leather science and technology. IULTCS has three Commissions, which are responsible for establishing international methods for the sampling an

26、d testing of leather. ISO recognizes IULTCS as an international standardizing body for the preparation of test methods for leather.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 4044:2008), which has been technically revised.Experience has shown it can be difficult to find a suitabl

27、e grinding (or cutter) mills for preparing ground leather samples without considerable heating of the milling chamber or blocking of the sieve. Those mills commercially available require reasonably large leather samples to prepare a representative ground sample. But in many cases where consumer item

28、s are being tested, only small pieces of leather are available for testing. For this reason, Subclause 6.3 has been added to allow preparation of test samples by cutting the leather into small pieces with a sharp blade. An informative Annex A has been added to give help with locating a suitable grin

29、ding mill.IULTCS/IUC 3:2017(E)iv ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 4044:2017INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO 4044:2017(E)IULTCS/IUC 3:2017(E)Leather Chemical tests Preparation of chemical test samples1 ScopeThis document specifies how to prepare a test sample of leather for chemical analysis. The test

30、sample can be either ground or cut into small pieces. Unless specified in this document, the method to be used depends on the size of leather sample available for testing.2 Normative referencesThe following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constit

31、utes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 2419, Leather Physical and mechanical tests Sample preparation and conditioning3 Terms and definition

32、sFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 15987 apply.ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electro

33、pedia.org/4 PrincipleThe leather sample shall be prepared by either: grinding in a mill to form “ground leather”, see 5.1 and 6.2, or cutting into small pieces, see 5.2 and 6.3.Which sample preparation shall be used depends on the size of the leather sample available or what preparation method is de

34、fined in the test method procedure.5 Apparatus5.1 Grinding mill, having a blade rotational frequency of 300 r/min to 1 000 r/min and a perforated sieving plate with (4,0 0,5) mm diameter perforations. The mill blades shall be sharp. To avoid samples heating up during grinding the preferred blade rot

35、ation should be towards the lower end of the rotational frequency range. Temperature shall not be higher than 40 C. Information about a suitable grinding mill is given in Annex A.5.2 Suitable tool with a sharp blade for cutting leather samples into small pieces of 3 mm to 5 mm side length. ISO 2017

36、All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 4044:2017ISO 4044:2017(E)6 Preparation of test sample6.1 Sample preparationTest pieces that are wet (i.e. in excess of approximately 30 % moisture) should be pre-dried at a temperature not exceeding 40 C. The drying temperature should be selected with consideration of

37、the influence of elevated temperature on the nature of the analyte.If the samples are dried at elevated temperature, they shall be conditioned according to ISO 2419.6.2 GrindingThis method of preparation shall be used when a sufficiently large piece of leather is available for grinding in a mill (5.

38、1) to give a representative ground leather sample. As a guideline for the purpose of this document, the leather sample should be at least 200 mm 200 mm or more than 10 g.Before grinding, the samples of leather should be reduced to small pieces of suitable dimensions depending on the design of the cu

39、tter mill feed system.It shall be ensured that the grinding mill and sample collecting device are clean. Water should not be used for cleaning.If sufficient sample is available, then a few small pieces of test leather should be ground and discarded, with the apparatus being cleaned again before proc

40、eeding with grinding the main test sample.6.3 CuttingThis method of preparation is used when only a small piece of leather is available. Typically this sample will be a part of a consumer item, for example a leather panel or piece from a leather product. For some leather test procedures it may be pr

41、eferable to use test samples cut into pieces.The leather test samples are cut into small pieces using a suitable device with a sharp blade (5.2). The pieces shall be of 3 mm to 5 mm side length.6.4 Choice of sample preparation methodWhen the method for sample preparation is defined in a specific tes

42、t method then the procedure specified shall be used.If no method of preparation is defined, then procedures specified in 6.2 and 6.3 are selected according to the size of the leather sample available. The method of preparation shall be reported in the test report.7 Storage of test sampleAfter grindi

43、ng or cutting, the leather test sample shall be mixed thoroughly and placed in a clean, dry, airtight container. The container shall be kept away from localized sources of heat.IULTCS/IUC 3:2017(E)2 ISO 2017 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 4044:2017ISO 4044:2017(E)Annex A (informative) Commercial sourc

44、es for apparatusA.1 GeneralExamples of a suitable apparatus available commercially are given below. This information is given for the convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of these products.A.2 Grinding apparatusA suitable grinding mill (also called cutt

45、ing mills) is one that efficiently cuts and grinds the leather without blocking and leaving only a small amount of unground leather. The milling chamber should be easy to open to allow cleaning between samples. During the grinding process, the speed of the cutter blade should not be excessive, so th

46、at the temperature in the milling chamber does not heat-up noticeably. To achieve these requirements, grinding mills with a small, easily accessible milling chamber and a slower blade rotation are preferred. The ground sample should readily pass through a perforated sieving plate with (4,0 0,5) mm d

47、iameter perforations.To ensure there is no contamination from heavy metals such as chromium, the metal parts of the grinding mill are made of chromium-free steel and the cutting blade is made with hardened tungsten carbide.An example of a suitable machine is the universal cutting mill of type Pulver

48、isette 19 with a rotational frequency of 300 min1to 360 min1. This cutting mill is a combination of type Pulverisette 19 (original rotational frequency of 2 800 min1) and a slower motor system of type Pulverisette 25. The equipment with this combination is manufactured by Fritsch GmbH, Industriestra

49、sse 8, D-55743 Idar-Oberstein, Germany. Website: www.fritsch-.Any other grinding mill equipment may be used, provided it gives a ground leather sample as described above and the grinding chamber does not heat-up noticeably during grinding. Technical information on the grinding of leather is given in Reference 2.IULTCS/IUC 3:2017(E) ISO 2017 All rights reserved 3BS EN ISO 4044:2017ISO 4044:2017(E)Bibliography1 EN 15987, Leather Terminology Key definitions for the leather trade2 Morgenstern U., Schulz H., Hopfe W