BS EN ISO 4498-2010 Sintered metal materials excluding hardmetals - Determination of apparent hardness and microhardness《不包括硬质金属的烧结金属材料 视硬度和微硬度的测定》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 4498:2010Sintered metal materials,excluding hardmetals Determination of apparenthardness and microhardness(ISO 4498:2010)BS EN ISO 4498:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational fo

2、rewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 4498:2010.It supersedes BS EN ISO 4498:2007 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee ISE/65, Sintered metal components.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobta

3、ined on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 69429 5ICS 77.040.10; 77.160Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligation

4、s.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2010Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 4498 June 2010 ICS 77.160; 77.040.10 Supersedes EN ISO 4498:2007English

5、 Version Sintered metal materials, excluding hardmetals - Determination of apparent hardness and microhardness (ISO 4498:2010) Matriaux mtalliques fritts, lexclusion des mtaux-durs - Dtermination de la duret apparente et de la microduret (ISO 4498:2010) Sintermetalle, ausgenommen Hartmetalle - Besti

6、mmung der Sinterhrte und der Mikrohrte (ISO 4498:2010) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 May 2010. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any a

7、lteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by

8、translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,

9、France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITE

10、E FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 4498:2010: EBS EN ISO 4498:2010EN ISO 4498:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN ISO 4498:2010) has been pre

11、pared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119 “Powder metallurgy“. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2010, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by D

12、ecember 2010. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN ISO 4498:2007. According to the CEN/CENELEC

13、Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, L

14、uxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 4498:2010 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 4498:2010 without any modification. BS EN ISO 4498:2010ISO 4498:2010(E) ISO 2010

15、All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction.v 1 Scope1 2 Normative references2 3 Apparatus.2 4 Sampling and preparation of test pieces2 5 Test procedures.3 5.1 Procedure 1 Determination of apparent hardness 3 5.2 Procedure 2 Determination of microhardness 4 6 Expression of results6

16、 6.1 Apparent hardness6 6.2 Microhardness .6 7 Repeatability and reproducibility.6 7.1 Vickers apparent hardness 6 7.2 Rockwell apparent hardness6 7.3 Vickers microhardness.6 7.4 Precision statement 6 8 Test report7 Annex A (normative) Test conditions and test loads as well as symbols and designatio

17、ns for microhardness values.8 Annex B (informative) Repeatability and reproducibility10 Bibliography12 BS EN ISO 4498:2010ISO 4498:2010(E) iv ISO 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO memb

18、er bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, government

19、al and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Direct

20、ives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodie

21、s casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 4498 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119, Powder metallurgy, Subcomm

22、ittee SC 3, Sampling and testing methods for sintered metal materials (excluding hardmetals). This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4498:2005), of which it constitutes a minor revision. BS EN ISO 4498:2010ISO 4498:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved vIntroduction Sintered

23、metal materials generally have a porous structure. Therefore, they can be understood as composite metal/pore materials. That is why this International Standard describes two procedures to determine their hardness: Procedure 1 for the macrohardness (this is the apparent hardness); Procedure 2 for the

24、 microhardness (this is the hardness of the metallic phase only). Tests in Procedure 1 determine Vickers, Brinell and/or Rockwell macrohardnesses; their acronyms are: HV, HBW and HR. These tests determine the apparent hardness (macrohardness) of the materials because indentations generally include b

25、oth the solid phase and a number of pores. The usual test forces applied to an indenter are from 10 N to 2 000 N. The apparent hardness value is often used as an expression of the mechanical strength of the material as a whole; it is usually lower than that of a solid material of the same compositio

26、n and metallurgical condition. However, this does not imply that the functional characteristics (for example wear resistance) are necessarily inferior to those of an equivalent full-density material. The apparent hardness is a macrostructural property. It characterizes the material taken as a whole.

27、 Tests in Procedure 2 determine the Vickers and/or Knoop microhardnesses of the material; their acronyms are: HVa and HKa1). The usual test forces applied to an indenter are from 0,147 N to 1,960 N for Vickers, and 0,981 N for Knoop. The microhardness is a microstructural property used to control ch

28、emical composition, heat treatment or surface treatment. For these purposes, it is necessary to ensure that hardness test indentations are small enough not to include any visible pores, but only the solid phase. 1) Where a is the test load, in kilograms. BS EN ISO 4498:2010BS EN ISO 4498:2010INTERNA

29、TIONAL STANDARD ISO 4498:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 1Sintered metal materials, excluding hardmetals Determination of apparent hardness and microhardness 1 Scope 1.1 This International Standard specifies methods of hardness testing of sintered metal materials, excluding hardmetals. 1.2 Proc

30、edure 1 determines the apparent hardness of the whole material. Procedure 1 applies to sintered metal materials which have either not been subjected to any heat treatment, or which have been heat treated in such a way that the hardness is essentially uniform to a depth of at least 5 mm below the sur

31、face, applies to the surfaces of sintered metal materials which have been treated in such a way that the hardness is not uniform in the section to a depth of 5 mm below the surface, therefore applies to materials in which the hardness is obtained essentially by surface enrichment by carbon, or by ca

32、rbon and nitrogen (for example by carburizing, carbonitriding, nitrocarburizing or sulfidizing), and applies to materials which have been induction hardened. 1.3 Procedure 2 determines the microhardness of the metal phase. Procedure 2 applies to all types of sintered metal materials, is used, in par

33、ticular, to determine the hardness profile of case-hardened or carbonitrided materials in accordance with the method described in ISO 4507, and also applies to any sintered metallic materials which have been subjected to surface treatments such as electrodeposited plating, chemical coating, chemical

34、 vapour deposition (CVD), physical vapour deposition (PVD), laser, ion bombardment, etc. To determine the microhardness of treated surfaces, Procedure 2 applies. NOTE However, an international agreement has not yet been reached on a number of factors involved in microhardness testing. Nevertheless,

35、the parameters defined in Procedure 2 are important enough to enable a considerable measure of standardization of extensively used practices. BS EN ISO 4498:2010ISO 4498:2010(E) 2 ISO 2010 All rights reserved2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the applicat

36、ion of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 4507, Sintered ferrous materials, carburized or carbonitrided Determination and verification of case-hardening dep

37、th by a micro-hardness test ISO 4516, Metallic and other inorganic coatings Vickers and Knoop microhardness tests ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials Brinell hardness test Part 1: Test method ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials Vickers hardness test Part 1: Test method ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials Rockwell

38、hardness test Part 1: Test method (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) 3 Apparatus Procedure 1: Vickers, Brinell and Rockwell hardness testing machines and test methods meeting the requirements of ISO 6506-1, ISO 6507-1 and ISO 6508-1, respectively. Procedure 2: Vickers and Knoop microhardness t

39、esting machines and test methods meeting the requirements of ISO 4516. 4 Sampling and preparation of test pieces 4.1 Since the apparent hardness of a sintered material is affected by density, which can vary throughout a part, the position of the hardness indentations, for the purpose of quality cont

40、rol, shall be agreed between the parties. 4.2 The sintered metal surface shall be clean, smooth and flat to obtain well-defined hardness indentations. Test samples will have anvil-support surfaces filed or ground flat wherever practicable, so as to prevent burrs from affecting results. This is parti

41、cularly important when determining Vickers and Brinell hardness. Emery paper of 180 to 240 grit is acceptable for grinding. It is generally found sufficient to clean the surface with a suitable solvent. If not, the surface may be lightly polished, provided that laboratory measurements have shown tha

42、t the influence of such polishing is insignificant. NOTE This polishing can be carried out, for example, by using metallographic paper or a 6 m diamond paste. 4.3 Microhardness can be measured either on the surface of a part or on a cross-section of the part normal to the surface. For microhardness

43、determinations, it is necessary to ensure that the surface is smooth enough to allow measurement of the indentation diagonal length accurately. The sample may then be chemically cleaned, and electrochemically or mechanically polished to reveal porosity. Mechanical polishing should involve minimum lo

44、cal heating or working, so as not to affect hardness. The sample for nickel-alloyed sintered steels can be smoothly etched before measuring the microhardness. This smooth etching of the sample will detect the softer areas of nickel-alloyed sintered steels in order to eliminate them from measurement.

45、 This leads to a more precise test result. Previous impregnation of the part with a thermosetting resin can be beneficial, if the part has more than 8 % open porosity. The surface to be measured shall be flat and smooth. Indentations should have sharp edges in order to carry out accurate diagonal me

46、asurement. The thickness of the test piece shall be greater than 1,5 times the length of the impression diagonal. 4.4 Surface curvature introduces a certain error in determining microhardness, which increases as the radius decreases. On convex surfaces, higher hardness values and, on concave surface

47、s, lower hardness values, than the actual values are obtained. If the Vickers hardness test (apparent hardness or BS EN ISO 4498:2010ISO 4498:2010(E) ISO 2010 All rights reserved 3microhardness) has to be performed on a curved surface sample, the influence of the curvature will have to be compensate

48、d for by correction factors (see ISO 6507-1 and ISO 4516). 4.5 The measurement of microhardness shall not be valid if the test surface is not perpendicular to the indenter axis. Non-perpendicularity will be probable with isotropic materials, if one leg2)of the diagonal is noticeably longer than the

49、other leg2)(Vickers or Knoop microhardness). The specimen for microhardness testing shall be positioned on the supporting table, or presented in such a way that the test surface is perpendicular to the direction of the test force, otherwise the indentation will be distorted. This position shall be maintained during the entire test. 5 Test procedures 5.1 Procedure 1 Determination of apparent hardness 5.1.1 The tests shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of ISO 6506-1, ISO 6507-1 or ISO