BS EN ISO 5579-2013 Non-destructive testing Radiographic testing of metallic materials using film and X- or gamma rays Basic rules《无损检测 金属材料用X和γ射线照相检测 基本规则》.pdf

1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 5579:2013Non-destructive testing Radiographic testing ofmetallic materials using filmand X- or gamma rays Basicrules (ISO 5579:2013)BS EN ISO 5579:2013 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO 5579:2013.It supersedes

2、 BS EN 444:1994 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee WEE/46, Non-destructive testing.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessa

3、ryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 77386 0ICS 77.040.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was pub

4、lished under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 5579 December 2013 ICS 77.040.20 Supersedes EN 444:1994English Version Non-destructive testing -

5、Radiographic testing of metallic materials using film and X- or gamma rays - Basic rules (ISO 5579:2013) Essais non destructifs - Contrle radiographique des matriaux mtalliques au moyen de film et de rayons X et gamma - Rgles de base (ISO 5579:2013) Zerstrungsfreie Prfung - Durchstrahlungsprfung von

6、 metallischen Werkstoffen mit Film und Rntgen- oder Gammastrahlen - Grundlagen (ISO 5579:2013) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 November 2013. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard th

7、e status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, Fren

8、ch, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,

9、 Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey

10、and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref.

11、 No. EN ISO 5579:2013 EBS EN ISO 5579:2013EN ISO 5579:2013 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 5579:2013 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135 “Non-destructive testing” of the International Organisation for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 5579:2013 by Technical Commi

12、ttee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2014, and conflicting national standards shall be withdraw

13、n at the latest by June 2014. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes EN 444:1994. According to the C

14、EN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hung

15、ary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 5579:2013 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 5579:2013 without any mod

16、ification. BS EN ISO 5579:2013ISO 5579:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Classification of radiographic techniques 25 General 35.1 Personnel qualification 35.2 Protection against ionizing radi

17、ation 35.3 Surface preparation and stage of manufacture . 35.4 Identification of radiographs 35.5 Marking . 35.6 Overlap of films. 35.7 Image quality indicator (IQI) 36 Recommended techniques for making radiographs . 36.1 Test arrangements . 36.2 Choice of X-ray tube voltage and radiation source . 4

18、6.3 Film systems and screens 56.4 Alignment of beam . 76.5 Reduction of scattered radiation . 76.6 Source-to-object distance 76.7 Maximum area for a single exposure . 96.8 Density of radiograph 106.9 Processing 106.10 Film viewing conditions . 107 Test report 10BS EN ISO 5579:2013ISO 5579:2013(E)For

19、ewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a techn

20、ical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

21、electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document w

22、as drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directivesAttention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights

23、. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patentsAny trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an en

24、dorsement.The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing, Subcommittee SC 5, Radiation methods.This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 5579:1998), which has been technically revised.Changes from the second edition include: introduction of f

25、ilm in the title this International Standard is valid only for NDT films as image detectors and not for digital radiographic detectors; reference to the state-of-the-art image quality detectors, according to ISO 19232-1 to ISO 19232-4; omission of figures with test arrangements (these test arrangeme

26、nts are described in the corresponding application standards); extension of applicable X-ray voltages from 500 kV up to max. 1 000 kV, depending on the penetrated wall thickness and material; modification of the nomogram of minimum source distances for focal spot sizes from 0,1 mm up to 8 mm; update

27、 of film system classes (old ISO classes T2 and T3 have been replaced by new classes C3 to C5, according to ISO 11699-1:2008); several editorial changes.iv ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 5579:2013ISO 5579:2013(E)IntroductionThis International Standard specifies fundamental techniques of radio

28、graphy, with the object of enabling satisfactory and repeatable results to be obtained economically. The techniques are based on generally accepted practice and the fundamental theory of the subject.Standards relating to specific applications should conform to these basic rules. ISO 2013 All rights

29、reserved vBS EN ISO 5579:2013BS EN ISO 5579:2013Non-destructive testing Radiographic testing of metallic materials using film and X- or gamma rays Basic rules1 ScopeThis International Standard outlines the general rules for industrial X- and gamma-radiography for flaw-detection purposes, using film

30、techniques, applicable to the inspection of metallic products and materials.It does not lay down acceptance criteria of the imperfections.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dat

31、ed references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO 5576, Non-destructive testing Industrial X-ray and gamma-ray radiology VocabularyISO 5580, Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic illum

32、inators Minimum requirementsISO 9712, Non-destructive testing Qualification and certification of NDT personnelISO 11699-1, Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographic film Part 1: Classification of film systems for industrial radiographyISO 11699-2, Non-destructive testing Industrial radiographi

33、c films Part 2: Control of film processing by means of reference valuesISO 19232-1, Non-destructive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 1: Determination of the image quality value using wire-type image quality indicatorsISO 19232-2, Non-destructive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 2:

34、Determination of the image quality value using step/hole-type image quality indicatorsISO 19232-3, Non-destructive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 3: Image quality classesISO 19232-4, Non-destructive testing Image quality of radiographs Part 4: Experimental evaluation of image quality valu

35、es and image quality tablesEN 12543 (all parts), Non-destructive testing Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in non-destructive testing Part 2: Pinhole camera radiographic methodEN 12679, Non-destructive testing Determination of the size of industrial radiographic sour

36、ces Radiographic method3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in ISO 5576 and the following apply.3.1nominal thicknesstnominal thickness of the material in the region under examinationNote 1 to entry: Manufacturing tolerances do not have to be taken into

37、account.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5579:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1BS EN ISO 5579:2013ISO 5579:2013(E)3.2penetrated thicknesswthickness of material in the direction of the radiation beam calculated on basis of the nominal thicknesses of all penetrated walls3.3object-to-film distancebdista

38、nce between the radiation side of the radiographed part of the test object and the film surface measured along the central axis of the radiation beam3.4source sizedsize of the radiation source or focal spot sizeNote 1 to entry: Source size is according to EN 12543 for X-ray tubes or EN 12679 for gam

39、ma ray sources.3.5source-to-film distanceSFDdistance between the source of radiation and the film measured in the direction of the beamNote 1 to entry: SFD is the sum of the source-to-object distance (3.6) and the object-to-film distance (3.3).3.6source-to-object distancefdistance between the source

40、 of radiation and the source side of the test object measured along the central axis of the radiation beam4 Classification of radiographic techniquesThe radiographic techniques are divided into two classes:1) Class A: basic techniques;2) Class B: improved techniques.Class B techniques will be used w

41、hen class A might be insufficiently sensitive.Better techniques compared with class B are possible and may be agreed between the contracting parties by specification of all appropriate test parameters.The choice of radiographic technique shall be agreed between the parties concerned.If, for technica

42、l or industrial reasons, it is not possible to meet one of the conditions specified for class B, such as the type of radiation source or the source-to-object distance, f, it may be agreed by contracting parties that the condition selected may be what is specified for class A. The loss of sensitivity

43、 shall be compensated by an increase of minimum density to 3,0 or by selection of a better film system class with a minimum density of 2,6. The other conditions for class B remain unchanged, especially the image quality achieved (see 5.7). Because of the better sensitivity compared to class A, the t

44、est specimen may be regarded as being examined to class B.2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedBS EN ISO 5579:2013ISO 5579:2013(E)5 General5.1 Personnel qualificationPersonnel performing non-destructive testing in accordance with this International Standard shall be qualified in accordance with ISO 9712 or

45、 equivalent to an appropriate level in the relevant industrial sector.5.2 Protection against ionizing radiationWARNING Exposure of any part of the human body to X-rays or gamma ray can be highly injurious to health. Wherever X-ray equipment or radioactive sources are in use, appropriate legal requir

46、ements must be applied.Local or national or international safety precautions when using ionizing radiation shall be strictly applied.5.3 Surface preparation and stage of manufactureIn general, surface preparation is not necessary, but where surface imperfections or coatings can cause difficulty in d

47、etecting defects, the surface shall be ground smooth or the coatings shall be removed.Unless otherwise specified, radiography shall be carried out after the final stage of manufacture, e.g. after grinding or heat treatment.5.4 Identification of radiographsSymbols shall be affixed to each section of

48、the object being radiographed. The images of these symbols shall appear in the radiograph outside the region of interest where possible and shall ensure unambiguous identification of the section.5.5 MarkingPermanent markings on the object to be examined shall be made in order to accurately locate th

49、e position of each radiograph.Where the nature of the material and/or its service conditions do not permit permanent marking, the location may be recorded by means of accurate sketches or photographs.5.6 Overlap of filmsWhen radiographing an area with two or more separate films, the films shall overlap sufficiently to ensure that the complete region of interest is radiographed. This shall be verified by a high-density marker on the surface of the object which will appear on each film.5.7 Image quali