BS EN ISO 6145-5-2010 Gas analysis Preparation of calibration gas mixtures using dynamic volumetric methods Capillary calibration devices《气体分析 用动态容量法对校准气体混合物的制备 毛细管校准装置》.pdf

1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS EN ISO 6145-5:2010Gas analysis Preparation of calibration gas mixtures using dynamic volumetric methodsPart 5: Capillary calibration devices (ISO 6145-5:2009)Licensed Copy: Wa

2、ng Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 14/06/2011 08:14, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 6145-5:2010 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN ISO6145-5:2010. It is identical to ISO 6145-5:2009. It supersedes BS ISO6145-5:2009 which is withdrawn.The UK

3、participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/15, Natural Gas and Gas Analysis.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are

4、 responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011 ISBN 978 0 580 72204 2 ICS 71.040.40 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2011. Amendments

5、 issued since publicationDate Text affected28 February 201 This corrigendum renumbers BS ISO 6145-5:2009 to BS EN ISO 6145-5:20101Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 14/06/2011 08:14, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 6145-5 Decembe

6、r 2010 ICS 71.040.40 English Version Gas analysis - Preparation of calibration gas mixtures using dynamic volumetric methods - Part 5: Capillary calibration devices (ISO 6145-5:2009) Analyse des gaz - Prparation des mlanges de gaz pour talonnage laide de mthodes volumtriques dynamiques - Partie 5: D

7、ispositifs dtalonnage par capillaires (ISO 6145-5:2009) Gasanalyse - Herstellung von Kalibriergasgemischen mit Hilfe von dynamisch-volumetrischen Verfahren - Teil 5: Kapillardosierer (ISO 6145-5:2009) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 December 2010. CEN members are bound to comply wit

8、h the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Manag

9、ement Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same sta

10、tus as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portuga

11、l, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means re

12、served worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO 6145-5:2010: ELicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 14/06/2011 08:14, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 6145-5:2010 EN ISO 6145-5:2010 (E) 3 Foreword The text of ISO 6145-5:2009 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO

13、/TC 158 “Analysis of gases” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 6145-5:2010. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2011, an

14、d conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Accord

15、ing to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Ital

16、y, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 6145-5:2009 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 6145-5:2010 without any modification. Licensed Copy: Wan

17、g Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 14/06/2011 08:14, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 6145-5:2010ISO 6145-5:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Principle1 4 Apparatus.2 4.1 Two-capillary blending system 2 4.1.1 Set-up2 4.1.2 Appar

18、atus.2 4.1.3 Procedure.3 4.2 Multiple capillary devices using gas dividers 4 4.2.1 Set-up of a gas divider4 4.2.2 Gas dividers with a combination of non-identical capillaries.4 4.2.3 Gas dividers with a combination of identical capillaries 5 4.2.4 Operation of a gas divider with identical capillarie

19、s .6 4.2.5 Determination of the flow rates6 5 Expression of results7 5.1 Volume fraction .7 5.2 Sources of uncertainties.7 5.2.1 Temperature.7 5.2.2 Viscosity.7 5.2.3 Pressure .8 5.2.4 Geometry of the capillary tubes.8 5.3 Verification of the blending system/gas divider.8 5.4 Determination of uncert

20、ainties 8 Annex A (informative) Numerical example.10 Annex B (informative) Derivation of the formula for combined uncertainty in K .13 Bibliography14 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 14/06/2011 08:14, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 6145-5:2010 ISO 6145-5:2009(E) iv ISO 200

21、9 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a

22、subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission

23、 (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical com

24、mittees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not

25、 be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 6145-5 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 158, Analysis of gases. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 6145-5:2001), which has been technically revised. Some subclauses (such as Procedure and C

26、alculations) have been detached from other closely related clauses and readability has been improved by bringing these subclauses closer together. The principle and verification parts have been clarified and separated, the uncertainty section has been checked and slightly updated and Annex A has bee

27、n revised. An informative derivation of the relative combined standard uncertainty calculation has been added as Annex B. ISO 6145 consists of the following parts, under the general title Gas analysis Preparation of calibration gas mixtures using dynamic volumetric methods: Part 1: Methods of calibr

28、ation Part 2: Volumetric pumps Part 4: Continuous syringe injection method Part 5: Capillary calibration devices Part 6: Critical orifices Part 7: Thermal mass-flow controllers Part 8: Diffusion method Part 9: Saturation method Part 10: Permeation method Part 11: Electrochemical generation ISO 6145-

29、3, entitled Periodic injections into a flowing gas stream, has been withdrawn. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 14/06/2011 08:14, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 6145-5:2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6145-5:2009(E) ISO 2009 All rights reserved 1Gas analysis Preparation of c

30、alibration gas mixtures using dynamic volumetric methods Partie 5: Capillary calibration devices 1 Scope This part of ISO 6145 is one of a series of International Standards dealing with the various dynamic volumetric techniques used for the preparation of calibration gas mixtures. This part specifie

31、s a method for the continuous production of calibration gas mixtures from pure gases or gas mixtures using capillary calibration devices in single or multiple combinations (gas dividers). Single capillary systems can be used to provide gas mixtures where the minor component is in the range of volume

32、 fractions from 108to 0,5. The relative expanded uncertainty of this technique is less than 2 % (k = 2) relative. This application is used in industrial gas mixing panels for the production of specific gas atmospheres. Gas dividers can be used to divide gas mixtures prepared from gases or gas mixtur

33、es into controlled proportions by volume. These devices are capable of dilutions in the range of volume fractions from 0,000 5 to 0,9 of the primary gas concentration with a relative repeatability of better than 0,5 %. Traceability of the gas mixtures produced by a gas divider is achieved by compari

34、son of a mixture with gas mixtures related to national or international gas standards. An example is given in Annex A. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated r

35、eferences, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 6143, Gas analysis Comparison methods for determining and checking the composition of calibration gas mixtures ISO 6145-1, Gas analysis Preparation of calibration gas mixtures using dynamic volumetric me

36、thods Part 1: Methods of calibration 3 Principle A constant flow of gas from a capillary tube under conditions of constant pressure drop is added to a controlled flow of complementary gas. The complementary gas flow may also be derived from another capillary tube. The appropriate capillaries are sel

37、ected to give the required flows of gases into the mixing manifold. If an appropriate capillary is selected, the required flow is obtained by adjusting the pressure drop across the capillary. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 14/06/2011 08:14, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO

38、 6145-5:2010ISO 6145-5:2009(E) 2 ISO 2009 All rights reservedCommercially available units consisting of several capillary tubes are called gas dividers. Such gas dividers containing combinations of capillaries may be used to dilute pure gases or further dilute calibration gas mixtures with complemen

39、tary gas, thus generating further calibration standards. 4 Apparatus 4.1 Two-capillary blending system 4.1.1 Set-up Figure 1 shows a possible set-up of a gas mixing system using two capillary tubes, i.e. a two-capillary system. Key 1 two-stage pressure regulator 2 fine adjustment valve 3 pressure di

40、fferential manometer 4 capillary 5 mixing manifold aGas A. bComplementary gas. cGas mixture. Figure 1 Two-capillary blending system 4.1.2 Apparatus 4.1.2.1 Capillaries, each supplied with gas from a cylinder fitted with a two-stage pressure regulator, gas filter and a fine adjustment valve. 4.1.2.2

41、Two-stage pressure regulator, equipped with fine adjustment valves. 4.1.2.3 Differential manometer, capable of measuring the pressure drop across the capillary. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 14/06/2011 08:14, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN ISO 6145-5:2010ISO 6145-5:2009(E)

42、ISO 2009 All rights reserved 34.1.2.4 Gas manifold, fed by the flow from each capillary where mixing occurs to produce the calibration gas mixture at the outlet. 4.1.2.5 Gas filters, to filter the component gases, so as to prevent blockage of the capillaries. 4.1.2.6 Thermostatic controller (optiona

43、l), to maintain the temperature of the capillaries constant. Variations in temperature can cause a significant change in the viscosity of the component gas passing through the capillary. For high accuracy, it is necessary to provide thermostatic control of the capillaries. With thermostatic control

44、of a water-jacket to 1 C, the volume fraction of the final mixture will not vary by more than 2 %. 4.1.3 Procedure 4.1.3.1 Operation Open the gas supply cylinders and adjust the two-stage pressure regulators to approximately 200 kPa gauge outlet pressure. Open the fine adjustment valves to give the

45、pressure drop across the capillaries required for the desired flows. The required pressure drop can be estimated using a modification of Equation (1), given in 4.1.3.2. The accuracy of the mixture produced at any moment is principally affected by the constancy of the flow rates of each component. Th

46、ese can be estimated by observations of the variation in the pressure differential manometers applied across each capillary. 4.1.3.2 Determination of the capillary flow rate The volume flow rate qAof a gas A emerging from a capillary is approximately expressed as: ()412A8p pr= qL(1) where r is the r

47、adius of the capillary tube; p1is the inlet pressure to the capillary; p2is the outlet pressure of the capillary; is the dynamic viscosity of the gas at the temperature of usage; L is the length of the capillary tube. For a given capillary, Equation (1) can be simplified by the use of an individual

48、calibration factor. For its determination, the gas flow from one capillary is passed into a flowmeter with known accuracy. Additionally, readings are taken of the differential pressures required to provide a range of flows. A calibration curve is constructed by plotting pressure differences (p1 p2)

49、against flow rates. The gradient of this line will be the individual calibration factor K for the specified gas. ()AA12AAAAqKppqKp=(2) where KAis an individual factor for gas A; pAis equal to (p1 p2) across the capillary. In practice, the determination of the flow by the use of a calibration factor is advisable because several influences, for example, viscosity of the gases and temperature changes, can be recognized. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 14/06/2011 08: