BS EN ISO 10545-12-1997 Ceramic tiles Determination of frost resistance《瓷砖 耐霜冻性的测量》.pdf

1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN ISO 10545-12:1997 Ceramic tiles Part 12: Determination of frost resistance The European Standard ENISO10545-12:1997 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.100.20BSENISO10545-12:1997 This British Standard, having been prepared under the directionof the Sector Board for Bui

2、lding and Civil Engineering, was published under the authorityof the Standards Boardand comes into effect on 15November1997 BSI 04-2000 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/539 Draft for comment 93/102979 DC ISBN 0 580 28660 6 Committees responsible

3、 for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee B/539, Ceramic tiles and other rigid tiling, upon which the following bodies were represented: Association of Building Engineers British Adhesives and Sealants Association British Ceramic Researc

4、h Ltd. British Ceramic Tile Council Building Research Establishment Chartered Institute of Building Concrete Society Construction Confederation Consumer Policy Committee of BSI Contract Flooring Association Federation of Master Builders Federation of Resin Formulators and Applicators Health and Safe

5、ty Executive Institute of Clerks of Works of Great Britain London Underground Ltd. Mortar Producers Association National Federation of Clay Industries National Federation of Terrazzo, Marble and Mosaic Specialists National Master Tile Fixers Association National Tile, Faience and Mosaic Fixers Socie

6、ty Natural Slate Quarries Association Royal Institute of British Architects Stone Federation Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsBSENISO10545-12:1997 BSI 04-2000 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover National foreword ii Foreword 2 1 Scope 3 2 Principle 3 3

7、Apparatus and materials 3 4 Test specimens 3 5 Impregnation with water 3 6 Procedure 3 7 Test report 4BSENISO10545-12:1997 ii BSI 04-2000 National foreword This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee B/539 and is the English language version of ENISO10545-12:1997 Ceramic tiles Par

8、t 12: Determination of frost resistance, published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). It is technically equivalent to ISO10545-12:1995, including its Technical Corrigendum 1:1997, published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It supersedes BS6431-22:1986, w

9、hich will be withdrawn when Parts1 to16 of BSENISO10545 have all been published. This Part of BSENISO10545 was originally drafted by CEN/TC67, Ceramic tiles, as EN202, published in1985, and confirmed in1991. Subsequently the European Standard was revised by ISO as a Part of ISO10545, which has now b

10、een approved by CEN as a Part of ENISO10545. The editorial modification mentioned in the EN ISO foreword has been made in this BS EN ISO text. The technical changes from the method described in BS6431-22 are as follows. The tiles are cycled between+ 5 C and5 C for at least100 freeze-thaw cycles. Bef

11、ore freezing, the tiles are saturated with water by the vacuum method only, regardless of their water absorption. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a Bri

12、tish Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, theEN ISOtitle page, pages 2 to 4 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments

13、incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN ISO 10545-12 July 1997 ICS 91.100.20 Supersedes EN 202:1991 Descriptors: Ceramics, tiles, tests, freezing tests, determination, thermal resistance English versio

14、n Ceramic tiles Part 12: Determination of frost resistance (ISO10545-12:1995, including Technical Corrigendum 1:1997) Carreaux et dalles cramiques Partie 12: Dtermination de la rsistance au gel (ISO10545-12:1995, Rectificatif Technique1:1997 inclus) Keramische Fliesen und Platten Teil 12: Bestimmung

15、 der Frostbestndigkeit (ISO10545-12:1995, einschlielich Technische Korrektur 1:1997) This European Standard was approved by CEN on1997-05-01. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a nat

16、ional standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in a

17、ny other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germa

18、ny, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. CEN European Committee for Standardization Comit Europen de Normalisation Europisches Komitee fr Normung Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels 1997 CEN Al

19、l rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN ISO10545-12:1997 EENISO10545-12:1997 BSI 04-2000 2 Foreword The text of the International Standard from Technical Committee ISO/TC159, Ceramic tiles, of the International Organization for S

20、tandardization (ISO) has been taken over as a European Standard by Technical Committee CEN/TC67, Ceramic tiles, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard supersedes EN202:1991. ENISO10545 consists of the following Parts, under the common title Ceramic tiles. Part 1: Sampling an

21、d basis for acceptance; Part 2: Determination of dimensions and surface quality; Part 3: Determination of water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent relative density and bulk density; Part 4: Determination of modulus of rupture and breaking strength; Part 5: Determination of impact resistance by

22、measurement of coefficient of restitution; Part 6: Determination of resistance to deep abrasion for unglazed tiles; Part 7: Determination of resistance to surface abrasion for glazed tiles; Part 8: Determination of linear thermal expansion; Part 9: Determination of resistance to thermal shock; Part

23、10: Determination of moisture expansion; Part 11: Determination of crazing resistance for glazed tiles; Part 12: Determination of frost resistance; Part 13: Determination of chemical resistance; Part 14: Determination of resistance to stains; Part 15: Determination of lead and cadmium given off by g

24、lazed tiles; Part 16: Determination of small colour differences; Part 17: Determination of coefficient of friction. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January1998, and conflicting nat

25、ional standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January1998. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, CzechRepublic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greec

26、e, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of the International Standard ISO10545-12:1995 and ISO Technical Corrigendum1:1997 has been approved by CEN as a European Standard without technical m

27、odifications, but with the following editorial modifications: Existing ISO text ISO text modified 3.2: “Balance, accurate to 0,01% .” 3.2: “Balance, accurate to 0,1% .”ENISO10545-12:1997 BSI 04-2000 3 1 Scope This part of ISO10545 specifies a method for determining the frost resistance of all cerami

28、c tiles intended for use in freezing conditions in the presence of water. 2 Principle After impregnation with water, submission of the tiles to a cycle between+ 5 C and5 C, all the sides of the tiles being exposed to freezing during a minimum of100 freeze-thaw cycles. 3 Apparatus and materials 3.1 D

29、rying oven, capable of being operated at(110 5) C. Microwave, infrared or other drying systems may be used provided that it has been determined that the same results are obtained. 3.2 Balance, accurate to0,1% of the mass of a test specimen. 3.3 Apparatus for impregnation with water after evacuation,

30、 by means of a vacuum pump capable of lowering the air pressure by (60 4) kPa in a tank containing the tiles. 3.4 Freezer, capable of freezing at least 10 tiles having a minimum total surface area of0,25m 2 , supported in such a manner that the tiles shall be separated. 3.5 Chamois leather 3.6 Water

31、, maintained at a temperature of(20 5) C. 3.7 Thermocouple, or another suitable temperature measuring device. 4 Test specimens 4.1 Sample A minimum area of0,25m 2and not less than10 whole tiles shall be used. The tiles shall be free from defects. Relevant defects are cracks, crazing, holes, nipped e

32、dges and nipped corners. If tiles with defects have to be tested, the defects shall be marked with a permanent stain prior to the test and these defects shall be examined after testing. 4.2 Preparation of test specimens The tiles shall be dried in the oven (3.1) adjusted to(110 5) C, until constant

33、mass is reached, i.e.until the difference between two successive weighings at intervals of24h is less than0,1%. The dry mass of each tile (m 1 ) shall be recorded. 5 Impregnation with water 5.1 After cooling to ambient temperature, place the tiles vertically in the dry vacuum tank (3.3) with no cont

34、act between them and no contact with the vacuum tank. Connect the vacuum tank to the vacuum pump and evacuate to a pressure (40 2,6) kPa below atmospheric pressure. Bring the water (3.6) into the tank containing the tiles whilst maintaining this pressure and cover the tiles with at least50mm head of

35、 water. Maintain the evacuation at the same pressure for a further15min and then restore atmospheric pressure. Prepare the chamois leather (3.5) by wetting and wringing out by hand. Place it on a flat surface, and lightly dry each side of each tile in turn. Dab any relief surfaces with the chamois l

36、eather. Record the wet mass of each tile (m 2 ). 5.2 The initial water absorption, E 1 , expressed as a percentage by mass, is calculated using the equation where 6 Procedure Select one of the thickest tiles that is under test. It shall be one that is considered to have representative properties of

37、that test sample. Drill a3mm diameter hole from the centre of one edge to a maximum distance of40mm from the edge of the tile. Insert a thermocouple (3.7) and seal the hole with a piece of thermally insulating material (for example expanded polystyrene). If it is not possible to drill a hole in this

38、 way, place a thermocouple on the centre of one face of a tile and stick a second tile over this. Place all the tiles under test vertically in the freezer (3.4), supported in such a way that there is a space between each one and an air flow over all the surfaces. Place the tile with the thermocouple

39、 in the middle of the test samples. The temperature of the thermocouple defines the temperature of all the tiles under test. Only in the case of repeated tests with similar test specimens can this be omitted, and then occasional checks shall be made with a thermocouple in a tile. All temperature mea

40、surements shall be accurate to 0,5 C. m 1 is the mass of each dry tile; m 2 is the mass of each wet tile. E 1 m 2 m 1 m 1 -100 =ENISO10545-12:1997 4 BSI 04-2000 Lower the tile temperature to5 C at a rate not exceeding20 C/h. Maintain the tile temperature below5 C for15min. Immerse the tile in or spr

41、ay it with water (3.6) until a tile temperature above+5 C is reached. Maintain the tile temperature above+ 5 C for15min. Repeat the cycle a minimum of100 times. Interruption of the cycles shall be permitted only if the tiles are kept submerged in water above+ 5 C. Weigh the tiles after the test (m 3

42、 ) and then dry them to constant mass (m 4 ). The final water absorption, E 2 , expressed as a percentage by mass, is calculated using the equation where After100 cycles, examine the glazed or proper surfaces and the edges of the tiles with the naked eye or with spectacles if usually worn, at a dist

43、ance of25cm to30cm with an illumination of approximately300lx. They may be examined at intermediate stages to expedite the reporting, if there is reason to believe that they might sustain damage relatively early in the test. Record all damage that is observed on the glazed or proper surfaces and the

44、 edges of the tiles. 7 Test report The test report shall include the following information: a) reference to this part of ISO10545; b) an identification of the tiles, including any surface relief, if necessary; c) the number of test specimens in the sample; d) the initial water absorption, E 1 ; e) t

45、he final water absorption, E 2 ; f) a description of defects before the test and all damage on the glazed or proper surfaces and the edges of the tiles after the freeze-thaw test; g) the number of damaged tiles after100 cycles. m 3 is the mass of each wet tile after the test; m 4 is the mass of each

46、 dry tile after the test. E 2 m 3 m 4 m 4 -100 =blankBS EN ISO 10545-12:1997 BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL BSIBritishStandardsInstitution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing BritishStandards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the internationa

47、l level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter. Revisions BritishStandards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of BritishStandards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions. It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would b

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